Lasso环状标测电极导管指导心房颤动持续过程中心脏大静脉电隔离

目的:报道2例心房颤动(房颤)持续过程中Lasso环状标测电极导管(Lasso电极)指导心脏大静脉 (大静脉)电隔离治疗。方法:2例患者临床症状和心电图记录提示分别为阵发性房颤(PAF)和持续性房颤。经股静脉和颈内静脉穿刺置入右心室和冠状静脉窦电极导管,并行房间隔穿刺和选择性大静脉造影。置入10极 Lasso电极进行大静脉标测。应用普通温控消融导管以局部异常电活动相对最早或频率最快、最紊乱处开始消融,在房颤持续过程中电隔离大静脉至左房连接处,以房颤终止和异常电活动消失或后者与心房电活动无关为消融终点。结果:2例患者共消融7条大静脉。1例PAF患者完成上腔静脉(SVC)和右上肺静脉(RSPV)电隔离后,消融左上肺静脉(LSPV)过程中房颤终止。另1例持续性房颤患者完成SVC、RSFV、LSPV及右下肺静脉电隔离,加做左房峡部、三尖瓣-下腔静脉峡部线性消融后,同步电复律使房颤转为窦性心律。随访1年,无房颤复发和相关并发症。结论:Lasso电极指导下应用普通温控消融导管可于心房颤动持续过程中电隔离大静脉而治疗房颤。     

射频导管消融进行心房-肺和/或上腔静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动

目的　总结射频导管消融行心房 肺和 /或上腔静脉 (大静脉 )电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )的疗效。方法　选择发作频繁、症状明显 ,药物治疗无效的 10 0例阵发性房颤患者 ,男性 72例、女性 2 8例 ,年龄 2 7～ 75(54± 10 )岁 ,均无瓣膜病等器质性心脏病依据。在环状标测电极导管 (Lasso导管 )指导下行心内电生理标测和心房 靶大静脉 (指术中标测证实为房颤相关的肺静脉或上腔静脉 )电隔离和 /或经验性大静脉电隔离 (指术中无心律失常发作而不能明确房颤相关大静脉 ,主要对双上肺静脉和左下肺静脉进行电隔离 )。结果　 10 0例患者共接受电隔离治疗 12 0次。行单纯心房 靶大静脉电隔离 2 2例 ,经验性大静脉电隔离 78例 ,共电隔离大静脉 2 68根 ,其中肺静脉 2 44根 ,上腔静脉 2 4根。即刻电隔离成功 2 57根 (96% )。平均随访 (2 2 9± 177)d ,随访期内停用所有抗心律失常药物 (部分患者服小剂量β受体阻滞剂 ) ,无房颤发作 65例 (65% ) ,房颤发作明显减少 12例 (2例服用胺碘酮后 ,12 % ) ,总有效率 77%。并发症包括脑卒中 2例 ;肺静脉狭窄 9例 ,其中单支轻度狭窄 7例 ,2支重度狭窄 1例(均为 2次消融 ) ,左上肺静脉完全闭塞 1例 ;术后心包积液 2例。并发症的总发生率为 13 %。结论　(1)使用Lasso导管     

阵发性心房颤动的射频导管消融大静脉电隔离治疗

目的报道阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉和腔静脉的疗效。方法阵发性房颤患者36例,年龄(42.5±13.2)岁。经1次房间隔穿刺放置环状标测电极导管(Lasso导管)和冷盐水灌注消融导管,在Lasso导管的指导下,采用全肺静脉或上腔静脉与靶静脉节段性电隔离相结合的方法对肺静脉和腔静脉行标测和电隔离治疗。窦性心律时最早激动的肺静脉和腔静脉电位处和/或心房起搏时最短的心房和静脉电位间期处为靶点行消融。结果36例阵发性房颤患者均接受一次电隔离治疗,共电隔离大静脉115根,其中左上肺静脉34根,左下肺静脉22根,右上肺静脉30根,右下肺静脉17根,上腔静脉12根,即刻电隔离成功率为95.6%,术中并发症发生率2.78%。随访3~22个月,成功率(无房颤发作或房颤发作明显减少)为75.0%。结论射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉或腔静脉与心房间的电活动连接,可有效预防房颤的复发。治疗的关键是消融靶点的标测和确定。     

导管射频消融电隔离心脏大静脉治疗阵发性心房颤动的并发症分析

目的总结导管射频消融电隔离肺静脉和(或)上腔静脉(大静脉)治疗阵发性房颤的并发症与合并症. 方法顽固性阵发性房颤患者89例,在环状标测电极指导下行大静脉的导管射频消融电隔离治疗,如能确定触发房颤的靶大静脉,则行靶大静脉的电隔离,如不能确定靶肺静脉,则经验性地行主要肺静脉(双上肺静脉和左下肺静脉)的电隔离,术后重复肺静脉造影.     

射频导管消融进行心房-肺(或上腔)静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动的并发症分析

目的总结射频导管消融进行心房 肺静脉和 /或上腔静脉 (合称大静脉 )电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )的并发症。方法顽固性阵发性房颤患者 89例 ,在环状标测电极导管指导下行大静脉的射频导管消融电隔离治疗 ,分析出现的各种并发症。结果 89例病人共接受电隔离治疗 10 3次 ,隔离大静脉 2 30根 ,其中肺静脉 2 0 7根 ,上腔静脉 2 3根。出现并发症 10例 ,其中严重迷走神经反射导致的一过性三度房室阻滞引起的晕厥发作 2例 ,脑卒中 2例 ,肺静脉狭窄 4例 (狭窄程度 >5 0 % ) ,术后少量心包积血 2例 ,并发症的总发生率为 11%。结论射频导管消融进行心房 肺和 /或上腔静脉电隔离治疗阵发性房颤可出现各种并发症 ,多数并发症可通过采取相应的措施使之减少或避免 ,其中肺静脉狭窄和脑卒中为最棘手的并发症 ,应予以高度重视。     

阵发性心房颤动合并病态窦房结综合征的导管射频消融心房-大静脉电隔离

目的 　总结顽固性阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )伴病态窦房结综合征 (病窦综合征 )患者的心电图和动态心电图特点 ,评估心脏起搏和导管射频消融进行心房 肺静脉电隔离治疗的结果。　方法　 8例阵发性房颤患者 ,年龄 (6 0 7± 6 8)岁 ,5例有黑、 1例有晕厥发作史 ,病史 1～ 2 0 (7 6±6 0 )年。全部病例完成各项临床常规检查后行心内电生理检查和导管射频消融作心房 肺 (或上腔 )静脉电隔离治疗。　结果　 8例患者中 ,房颤每天均有发作的 5例 ,每周发作数次的 3例 ,有 4例植入心脏起搏器后不能控制发作。动态心电图示房颤终止后的平均窦性停搏时间为 (5 0± 1 9)s。心内电生理检查证实与房颤相关的靶静脉为上腔静脉 2例 ,左上肺静脉 3例 ,有 3例未能确定起源点。作射频消融电隔离大静脉共 2 2根 ,平均随访 (2 78±15 9)d ,无房颤发作 6例 (75 % ) ,2例复发病例行第 2次电隔离后分别随访 2个月和 2 5个月 ,均再无房颤发生。其中未植入起搏器的 4例多次动态心电图复查无窦性停搏发生 ,2 4h总心率均在正常范围。　结论　部分阵发性房颤伴病窦综合征的患者 ,导管射频消融电隔离大静脉能够完全消除房颤的发作 ,窦房结功能可以恢复 ,这一现象说明部分慢 快综合征患者的病窦综合征表现可能是继发性和可逆性的     

阵发性心房颤动局灶消融后复发病例的大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗

对肺静脉内点消融治疗术后随访 2 2± 1 1 .1个月内的心房颤动 (简称房颤 )复发病例 ,在Lasso标测导管指引下 ,进行再次心内电生理检查及大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗。探讨点消融治疗阵发性房颤后复发的机制 ,并对再次经验性大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗的结果进行分析与评价。 5例患者共接受心内电生理标测和电隔离治疗 6次 (一例行第二次电隔离 ) ,除一例行右下肺静脉靶肌袖的电隔离外 ,其余病例均进行了经验性全部大静脉的电隔离 ,共电隔离心脏大静脉 1 5根 ,其中肺静脉 1 3根、上腔静脉 2根 ,即刻电隔离成功率 1 0 0 %。术后随访 1 1 .8± 8.9个月 ,均无房颤复发。因此 ,对于阵发性房颤导管射频点消融后复发病例进行经验性全部大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗可以满意控制房颤的发作。     

应用新型多极冷盐水灌注标测与消融导管进行肺静脉隔离的初步体会

目的探索采用新型多极冷盐水灌注标测与消融导管(n MARQ)进行肺静脉隔离(PVI)的安全性和有效性。方法心房颤动(简称房颤)患者接受10极n MARQ导管射频消融完成PVI。消融术后观察15 min,应用Lasso标测导管检验PVI,必要时再次应用n MARQ导管进行补点消融。记录每根肺静脉标测时间、消融时间、消融能量输出模式和PVI情况。结果共对9例33根静脉进行130次消融,其中左上肺静脉(LSPV)44次(33.8%)、左下肺静脉(LIPV)38次(29.2%)、右上肺静脉(RSPV)24次(18.5%)、右下肺静脉(RIPV)24次(18.5%),平均每根肺静脉消融3.9次。10极电极同时放电消融65次,选择性放电消融65次。Lasso电极检验PVI显示5根肺静脉(15.2%)发生电传导恢复,均为LIPV。平均每根肺静脉标测时间9.9 min、消融时间3.6 min。平均每例患者手术时间134 min,总标测时间37 min,总消融时间13 min,X线累计曝光时间21 min、X线累计曝光剂量35460 m Gy/cm2。消融过程中食管温度报警18次(13.8%),其中LSPV 4次(9.1%)、LIPV 10次(26.3%)、RIPV 4次(16.7%)。消融术后即刻PVI成功率93.9%。术中和术后住院期间无射频消融相关主要并发症发生。结论房颤患者应用新型标测与消融多极导管进行PVI手术安全、有效。     

起源于肺静脉的阵发性心房颤动导管射频消融治疗

目的　探讨环状电极 (Lasso电极 )标测指导起源于肺静脉的阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )导管射频消融治疗的安全性和有效性。方法与结果　 2 0 0 1年 5～ 12月 ,12例药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤患者 ,男 8例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 (47 8± 14 9)岁 ,行心内电生理检查和射频消融术。在Lasso电极指导下标测肺静脉 ,以确定诱发房颤的房性早搏起源处。确定房性早搏的消融靶点后 ,在有房性早搏或冠状窦远端起搏或右心耳起搏下寻找优势肺静脉电位 (PVP)放电消融 ,或肺静脉口环状消融。消融终点设定为 :①肺静脉电位振幅明显减低或消失 ;②肺静脉自律性电位与心房电活动无关 ;③诱发房颤的房早消失。结果成功隔离 2 6条肺静脉 ;其中左上肺静脉 12条 ,右上肺静脉 8条 ,左下肺静脉 5条 ,右下肺静脉1条。有 2例仅消融 1条肺静脉 ,均为左上肺静脉 ;8例消融2条肺静脉 ,消融 3条与 4条肺静脉者各 1例。术程 (196 4±6 5 8)min ,X线曝光时间 (5 2 0± 14 4 )min。术后随访 2～ 8个月 ,有 1例频发房早发生 ,经口服胺碘酮后房早消失 ;4例有房颤短阵发作 ,其中 3例接受口服药物 (2例服用胺碘酮 ,1例服用索他洛尔 ) ,1例植入有抗房颤程序的DDDR起搏器 ,能够有效抑制房颤发作。术中选择性肺静脉造影发现 6例有轻度肺静脉狭窄 ,其     

节段性肺静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动的方法学

目的 对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)经药物治疗无效并接受射频导管消融治疗的患者，采用经改良的节段性电隔离方法隔离肺静脉进行治疗，并研究该方法的有效性及安全性。方法 61例阵发房颤患者采用一次房间隔穿刺技术，分别送入标测及消融电极导管。应用猪尾造影导管用高压注射器非选择性左心房造影显示肺静脉开口及左心耳位置，指导导管行进方向以减少心脏压塞风险。标测中常规探查、标测右下肺静脉，避免遗漏可能触发房颤的肺静脉电位。在肺静脉与左心房之间肺静脉电位优势传导部位用温控导管或冷盐水灌注导管做多点消融形成节段性隔离。结果 单个节段或多个节段消融可使肺静脉与左心房之间形成完全性电隔离，使肺静脉电位消失。节段性隔离靶肺静脉173根，即刻成功168根，成功率97．1％。术中2例发生心脏压塞，1例左上肺静脉狭窄60％。结论 节段性电隔离肺静脉法可有效隔离肺静脉，可替代点状隔离和环状隔离方法。与其他传统方法比较，手术时间短、成功率高，可明显减少肺静脉的损伤和避免肺静脉狭窄的发生。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.