AngioJet血栓清除术治疗急性深静脉血栓形成后急性肾损伤的影响因素分析

目的 探讨AngioJet血栓清除术治疗急性深静脉血栓形成(DVT)后急性肾损伤(AKI)的影响因素.方法 收集2020年1月至2020年12月在北京积水潭医院行AngioJet血栓清除术治疗的82例急性DVT患者的临床资料,根据AngioJet血栓清除术后是否发生AKI情况进行分组为AKI组(n=13)和非AKI组(...     

AngioJet在下肢动脉血栓栓塞性疾病治疗中应用

目的:探讨使用AngioJet治疗下肢动脉血栓栓塞性疾病的临床效果并总结初步经验。方法:回顾性分析2016年8月―2017年7月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科使用AngioJet血栓抽吸系统治疗10例下肢动脉血栓栓塞性疾病患者(急性下肢动脉栓塞3例,下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症基础上急性血栓形成5例,原发性血栓形成2例)的临床资料。结果:该10例(平均年龄61.60岁)手术均通过单独使用AngioJet或AngioJet联合其他方法获得成功,技术成功率100%。其中2例AngioJet抽吸后狭窄消失,6例患者使用AngioJet抽吸后有残余狭窄结合球囊扩张,2例抽吸后有残余狭窄结合球囊扩张+支架成形。由于抽吸后有残余血栓存在,3例行AngioJet吸栓+球囊扩张者和1例AngioJet吸栓+球囊扩张+支架植入者辅以喷药溶栓,1例行AngioJet吸栓+球囊扩张者和1例AngioJet吸栓+球囊扩张+支架植入者辅以置管溶栓(CDT)。术后平均住院(3.9±2.33)d,患者术后踝/肱指数较术前明显提高(0.84 vs.0.37,P0.05)。术后1例出现血尿,1例出现轻度肾功能损害。疗效评估结果为痊愈6例,良好4例。目前7例患者完成了6个月随访,无肢体缺血加重情况。结论:对于急性下肢动脉血栓栓塞性疾病,使用AngioJet导管抽吸血栓安全、有效、创伤小。较为适合于股腘段血栓栓塞性病变,吸栓后残余狭窄明显可结合球囊扩张或支架植入,抽吸血栓效果不佳的可辅以CDT。     

不同治疗方式对老年急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的疗效及预后分析

目的 探讨不同治疗方式对老年急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者的疗效及预后分析.方法 收集2018年10月至2019年12月西南医科大学附属医院治疗的23例老年急性DVT患者临床资料.根据治疗方式不同分为经皮机械血栓清除术(PMT)+导管接触性溶栓(CDT)组(n=14)和CDT组(n=9),统计并比较两组患者围手术...     

急性下肢深静脉血栓患者AngioJet机械血栓清除术的护理

目的总结5例急性下肢深静脉血栓患者行AngioJet机械血栓清除术的护理经验。方法对5例急性下肢深静脉血栓形成女性患者,采用Seldinger技术引入AngioJet血栓抽吸系统溶栓、抽吸血栓,根据溶栓情况行球囊扩张或支架置入术。做好心理护理及术前准备,术后严密观察出血征象,做好药物治疗护理及其他并发症护理,加强出院指导等。结果 5例均手术成功,未发生严重出血、肺栓塞、肾衰竭等严重并发症;出院1个月随访均无患肢肿胀和复发。结论 AngioJet机械血栓清除术应用于急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者成功率高,有效的护理是手术获得成功的重要保障。     

乌司他丁辅助AngioJet血栓抽吸术对急性下肢深静脉血栓并发症的影响

本研究选取2018年1月至2020年12月间本院收治的拟行AngioJet血栓抽吸术的急性下肢深静脉血栓(LEDVT)患者93例作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为A(AngioJet抽吸术)、B(乌司他丁辅助的AngioJet抽吸术)两组。A组患者术后溶栓情况有效率显著低于B组(79.2%比95.6%), 且下肢消肿率显著低于B组(均P<0.05)。B组总并发症发生率8.9%低于A组的27.1%(P<0.05)。两组患者经治疗后凝血功能指标血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和凝血活酶时间(APTT)均显著改善, 且B组均优于A组(均P<0.05)。两组患者经治疗后血清炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)指标均显著改善, 且B组优于A组(均P<0.05)。本研究结果显示, 乌司他丁对LEDVT患者行AngioJet抽吸术术后出血、血栓复发具有一定的预防作用。     

替罗非班治疗颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中急性血栓的疗效

目的 探讨替罗非班治疗颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中急性血栓的疗效。方法 收集2016年6月至2020年6月于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院及广西百色市人民医院就诊的425例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中,25例颅内动脉瘤术中发生急性血栓,按照术中是否使用支架将其分为支架组（n=16）与非支架组（n=9）,两组患者均应用替罗非班进行治疗,比较两组患者血管再通情况、并发症发生情况、预后情况及改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分。结果 两组患者血管再通时间分别为（37.2±4.7）、（34.9±4.8）min,成功再通率均为100%,两组患者血管再通时间、成功再通率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。支架组患者术后并发症总发生率为25.00%(4/16),与非支架组的11.11%(1/9)比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。术后6个月24例患者完成随访,支架组预后良好率为86.67%(13/15),与非支架组的88.89%(8/9)比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 应用替罗非班治疗颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中急性血栓安全、有效,术中可根据患者具体情况结合中间导管负压持续抽吸血栓或微导管、微导丝机械...     

大腔导管抽吸联合溶栓治疗巴德-吉亚利综合征合并下腔静脉血栓

目的观察大腔导管抽吸术联合置管溶栓及血管成形术治疗巴德-吉亚利综合征(BCS)合并下腔静脉(IVC)血栓的安全性及有效性。方法将74例BCS合并IVC新鲜或以新鲜血栓为主的混合血栓患者分为血栓抽吸组(32例)和单纯溶栓组(42例)。血栓抽吸组接受大腔导管抽吸联合经导管溶栓及血管腔内成形术,单纯溶栓接受行经导管溶栓及血管腔内成形术,比较2组血栓清除效果、溶栓时间、溶栓药用量及并发症。结果2组技术成功率均为100%。血栓抽吸组平均溶栓时间、尿激酶平均用量少于单纯溶栓组(P均<0.05)。血栓抽吸组Ⅲ级血栓清除12例、Ⅱ级19例、Ⅰ级1例,单纯溶栓组分别为17、20及5例,2组差异无统计学意义(P=0.33)。血栓抽吸组2例(2/32,6.25%)、单纯溶栓组3例(3/42,7.14%)出现并发症,组间差异无统计学意义(P=1.00)。结论大腔导管抽吸联合溶栓及血管成形术治疗BCS合并IVC血栓可缩短溶栓时间,减少溶栓药用量,且安全性较好。     

AngioJet机械血栓清除装置在急性肠系膜上动脉缺血中的应用

目的探讨AngioJet机械血栓清除装置在急性肠系膜上动脉缺血(ASMAI)中的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年1月苏州大学附属第一医院运用AngioJet机械血栓清除装置抽栓治疗的5例ASMAI患者的临床资料。结果 5例患者均顺利完成抽吸治疗。1例抽吸后复查造影可见肠系膜上动脉开口段夹层,遂行支架植入术;1例抽吸完复查造影可见肠系膜上动脉起始段狭窄大于70%,行球囊扩张术+支架植入术;另外3例闭塞部位完全再通。患者随访3～6个月,均无腹痛、黑便,其中1例可见支架内血栓形成伴中度狭窄。结论 AngioJet机械血栓清除装置可迅速清除肠系膜上动脉血栓,恢复肠道血供,治疗ASMAI的短期疗效满意。     

AngioJet机械血栓清除治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的:探讨AngioJet机械血栓清除治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床应用及效果。方法:将79例急性下肢DVT患者回顾性分为两组,其中42例行AngioJet机械血栓清除,37例行导管接触性溶栓(CDT),术后均常规抗凝6个月～1年,比较两组手术前后患健侧大、小腿周径差。结果:79例均成功穿刺并行手术治疗,AngioJet组治疗后大腿患健侧周径差为(1.8±1.5) cm,小腿患健侧周径差为(1.7±1.2) cm;CDT组治疗后大、小腿患健侧周径差分别为(2.7±1.7)cm、(2.6±1.4) cm,两组治疗后大、小腿患健侧周径差比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:AngioJet机械血栓清除治疗急性下肢DVT形成疗效满意,预防血栓后遗症中期效果较好。     

8F Zelante和6F Solent血栓去除导管治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效对比分析

目的比较8F Zelante和6F Solent血栓去除导管治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的疗效。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院血管外科2020年6月至2022年12月收治的51例急性或亚急性DVT患者的临床资料, 其中男性22例, 年龄(60.5±14.4)岁。根据血栓去除导管不同, 分为Zelante组和Solent组。比较分析两组的溶栓时间、支架植入率、血栓清除率、通畅率、深静脉血栓后综合征(PTS)发生率和并发症等指标。结果 51例DVT患者中, Zelante组15例, Solent组36例。Zelante组术中吸栓时间[(322.7±78.1)s 比(416.4±61.5)s, t=4.577, P=0.001]和溶栓时间[(46.3±28.8)h 比(96.1±39.5)h, t=2.796, P=0.010]少于Solent组, 但总体血栓清除效果优于Solent组(χ2=7.913, P=0.019), 差异均具有统计学意义。两组支架植入率、单次住院滤器回收情况比较, 差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。51例患者均获得随访, 随访时间为(12.6...     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.