PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

[摘要] 目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法 对45例骨质疏松性压缩骨折行经皮椎体成形术，术后随访3~12个月。结果 45例患者行61个椎体成形术，术前患者VAS评分为（7.85±0.81），术后一周VAS评分（4.3±0.79），随访时VAS评分（2.48±0.45），采用t检验进行统计学分析，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001,α=0.05）。讨论 小剂量的骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩性骨折，具有疼痛明显缓解，手术安全性高，并发症少，价格低廉的特点。     

椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的研究进展

随着全球老龄化社会的到来,由骨质疏松引起的椎体压缩骨折的发病率逐年升高,由此引起的其他严重并发症可导致患者残疾、死亡,加重社会的负担。尽管保守治疗能够在短期内获得一定的治疗效果,但从长期来看,无法减少患者的疼痛和其他并发症的发生。经皮椎体成形术和球囊后凸成形术已经在临床得到广泛应用并取得了良好的效果。近几年出现的椎体支架、Kiva等新技术也逐渐引起人们的重视。本文回顾近几年最新的手术技术进展,并对其中尚存的问题进行讨论。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的初步探讨应用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法应用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者24例28个椎体，并随访4～11个月，平均8个月。结果所有患者手术均获成功，无脊髓神经损伤，病椎疼痛缓解，后凸畸形平均矫正20°，随访期间，疗效满意，无病椎高度丢失。结论应用经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折能明显改善患者疼痛症状，恢复椎体高度，矫正后凸畸形，是一种安全的微创方法。     

单侧与双侧入路椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有限元分析及临床应用

目的探讨单、双侧经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的生物力学特点及临床疗效。方法建立有限元模型模拟分析单、双侧椎弓根入路PVP术后椎体的应变及应力变化。回顾性研究接受单、双侧椎弓根入路PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者85例,分析两组间手术时间、术中透视次数、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏率以及所有阶段视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。结果有限元分析表明,单侧入路模型最大应变、应力分别是双侧入路模型的1.18倍、1.15倍;临床研究发现,单侧入路组手术时间、术中透视次数均明显少于双侧入路组(P0.001)。两组骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏率以及所有阶段VAS评分比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单侧入路椎体成形术生物力学效果与双侧入路接近;利用穿刺针定位单侧PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折与双侧入路PVP相比具有手术时间短、X线暴露次数少的特点。     

PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效分析

目的总结经皮椎体后凸成形术(Percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法收集2009年08月~2013年08月泰州市中医院骨科采用PKP治疗的72例(80个椎体)患者资料;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)进行手术前后疼痛评估,观察Cobb角变化及并发症情况。结果术后随访1年以上;所有病例疼痛症状均缓解,VAS评分术前(8.0±0.82)分、术后(3.7±0.66)分,差异有统计学意义(0.05);Cobb角术前为(23.49±12.75)°,术后(10.35±5.57)°,差异均有统计学意义(0.05);本组病例手术均获得成功,12例患者出现骨水泥渗漏,8例渗漏到椎体旁,未出现椎体后缘渗漏,均未出现神经症状;相邻椎体骨折2例,伤椎再骨折3例。结论 PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可快速有效地缓解患者疼痛、恢复病椎高度,术中术后并发症发生率低。     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效

目的 比较经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法 选择2018年4月~2019年4月在南昌市新建区人民医院治疗的58例重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各29例。对照组采用经皮椎体成形术治疗,观察组采用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗,比较两组手术指标（手术时间、注入骨水泥量、受伤椎体增加高度）疼痛评分、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角、椎管侵占率、并发症发生情况。结果 观察组手术时间、注入骨水泥量、受伤椎体增加高度均大于对照组（P＜0.05）;术后两组VAS评分均低于术前,且观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后两组Cobb角、椎管侵占率均低于术前,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组并发症发生率为6.90%,低于对照组的20.69%（P＜0.05）。结论 经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效良好,在纠正椎体畸形,恢复椎体高度,缓解疼痛方面更优。     

矿化胶原改性骨水泥在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用

文题释义： 矿化胶原改性骨水泥：是在普通聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥中加入适量人工骨修复材料。普通聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥的主要成分是丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物和为氧化锆,硬度较大,缺乏生物活性;人工骨修复材料的主要成分是Ⅰ型胶原和羟基磷灰石,它具有与天然骨相似的微结构,具有很好的传导成骨活性,利于新骨的形成。两者按照适当比例混合制成矿化胶原改性骨水泥。 经皮椎体成形：是一种微创脊柱外科技术,经皮通过椎弓根或椎弓根外侧向压缩椎体内注入骨水泥从而增加椎体强度和稳定性,防止进一步塌陷,恢复椎体部分高度,矫正后凸畸形,缓解腰背部疼痛。可用于治疗骨髓瘤、脊椎血管瘤、溶骨性转移瘤等癌性疼痛,但主要用于治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折,常见并发症有邻近椎体骨折、骨水泥渗漏、椎体坏死等。 背景：单纯骨水泥由于硬度较大,易造成邻近椎体再骨折,当前迫切需要一种能够降低邻近椎体骨折发生率的骨水泥材料。 目的：观察使用矿化胶原改性骨水泥行经皮椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。 方法：选择行经皮椎体成形治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者60例,均为新鲜单椎体骨折,随机分为2组,每组30例。单纯骨水泥组采用单纯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥,改性骨水泥组采用人工骨修复材料与单纯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥混合的矿化胶原改性骨水泥。所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。随访时间6-12个月,于术前、术后2 d、术后末次随访时根据目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、脊柱后凸局部Cobb角及椎体前缘高度百分比评定临床效果,并记录术后并发症的发生情况。 结果与结论：①所有患者手术均顺利完成,共发现4例患者出现不同程度的骨水泥渗漏,所有骨水泥渗漏患者均未出现明显临床不适症状;②2组患者术后2 d、末次随访与术前相比,目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数显著改善(P < 0.05),伤椎前缘高度、脊柱后凸局部Cobb角变化不明显(P > 0.05);以上指标2组间相同时间段比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③单纯骨水泥组邻近椎体骨折发生例数多于改性骨水泥组,但2组邻近椎体骨折发生率相比,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④提示矿化胶原改性骨水泥与单纯骨水泥相比无明显缺点,且在保证骨水泥支撑强度、减轻疼痛的同时,矿化胶原改性骨水泥可赋予其更好的生物学特性,降低邻近椎体骨折的发生率有待进一步研究。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5714-2566(姜文康) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松症引起的椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法23例胸、腰椎压缩骨折采用经皮椎弓根进入椎体、DSA下骨水泥注入，观察疼痛缓解情况并随访。结果22例手术当日疼痛缓解。有1例加重药物治疗三天后疼痛消失。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松压缩骨折，可稳定椎体，减轻疼痛，值得推广。     

应用弯角椎体成形装置修复胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

BACKGROUND: Currently, the cement delivery device used in vertebral augmentation vertebral augmentation (vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty) has flat tips that cannot be bent. During surgery, we always choose injection cement by symmetric way to keep the balance of power on the biomechanics of the vertebral body, while the traditional cement delivery tube can only be used in ipsilateral vertebral body.     

椎体CT值鉴别新鲜与陈旧骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的可行性

背景：骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的发病率逐年递增,临床上区分新鲜或陈旧骨折决定了患者治疗方案的选择。对于没有相关检查设备的医院以及MRI和单光子发射计算机断层成像全身骨扫描有禁忌证的患者,寻找一种可以鉴别骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折性质的简便快速方法具有重要的临床意义。目的：对比分析椎体CT值与MRI鉴别新鲜与陈旧骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的一致性,探讨应用椎体CT值诊断新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的可行性。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年10月在北京中医药大学附属东直门医院因骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折住院且具有完整MRI、CT检查资料的患者40例,年龄55-89岁,平均(74.63±9.71)岁。根据MRI影像明确椎体骨折性质：MRI压脂像出现骨髓水肿像的高信号影诊断新鲜骨折;椎体形态楔形变化但压脂像未见信号异常则诊断陈旧骨折。对相应椎体及上下邻椎分别测得椎体CT值,目标椎体CT值明显高于邻椎CT值诊断为新鲜骨折,目标椎体CT值与邻椎CT值无明显差异诊断为陈旧性骨折。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验对比MRI与椎体CT值判定的新鲜骨折及陈旧骨折的一致性。结果与结论：(1)40例患者共累及55个椎体...     

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉在骨质疏松性胸腰椎中的生物力学进展

椎弓根螺钉内固定系统为治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎退行性疾病的主要装置。然而,骨密度的严重丢失造成骨质疏松性椎体对椎弓根螺钉的固定强度下降,内固定失败的发生率显著增加。骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术是一种改善骨质疏松性胸腰椎术后内固定生物力学稳定性的有效方法,大量研究证明其能显著增加椎弓根螺钉的固定强度,但存在骨水泥渗漏等风险。本文从骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术展开分析,对骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉的适应证、骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉的生物力学变化、骨水泥增强材料、注入体积及分布进行介绍,并对新型骨水泥材料及螺钉设计做了展望。     

天鹅型记忆接骨器治疗肱骨骨折的生物力学研究

目的阐明天鹅型记忆接骨器(swan-like memory compressive connector,SMC)应用于肱骨骨折治疗的生物力学基础。方法通过轴向拉伸试验、三点弯曲试验、扭转试验三种生物力学测试方法建模,对比分析肱骨中段骨折天鹅型记忆接骨器和8孔钢板治疗的生物力学稳定性。结果轴向拉伸试验得出载荷-应变曲线及拉伸强度,加载1000N时的SMC与钢板固定的强度分别为2.21MPa和2.35MPa,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);测定位移与刚度得出载荷-位移曲线及轴向刚度,加载1000N时的SMC与钢板固定的轴向刚度分别为465N/mm和424N/mm,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三点弯曲试验得出弯矩-挠度曲线及弯曲刚度,弯矩在5N·m时SMC固定组与钢板固定组的刚度分别为18.59N·cm/(°)和17.84N·cm/(°),两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);扭转试验得出扭矩-扭角曲线及扭转刚度,SMC固定组与钢板固定组在最大扭矩下的扭转刚度分别为302.11N·cm/(°)和287.07N·cm/(°),两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)其固定的稳定性接近钢板组。结论天鹅型记忆接骨器治疗肱骨骨折具有良好的生物力学稳定性。     

EMAS position statement: The management of postmenopausal women with vertebral osteoporotic fracture

Introduction

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are associated with significant morbidity, excess mortality as well as health and social service expenditure. Additionally, women with a prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fracture have a high risk of experiencing a further one within one year. It is therefore important for the physician to use a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for early detection and effective treatment of vertebral fractures.

Aims

The aim of this position statement is to provide and critically appraise evidence on the management of women with a vertebral osteoporotic fracture.

Materials and methods

Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.

Results and conclusions

The management of women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures includes measures to reduce pain providing early mobility, to support the affected spine ensuring fracture healing, as well as starting treatment for osteoporosis itself. Any other underlying pathology should be sought and treated. Early detection and treatment is essential as there is an increased risk of further fractures in patients with vertebral fractures. Treatment will depend on the underlying causes of bone loss, efficacy in any particular situation, cost and patient preference.     

PKP技术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折不愈合的临床观察

目的探讨和评估经皮椎体后凸成形术﹙PKP﹚治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折不愈合的方法与临床疗效。方法自2006年3月~2011年3月,在局麻下行PKP技术治疗老年椎体压缩骨折不愈合患者28例34个椎体,术后进行AVS、ODI临床疗效和影像学评估。结果所有患者获得3~48个月﹙平均24.6个月﹚随访。23例术后腰背部疼痛消失,5例疼痛明显减轻,VAS由8.3±2.3减少到2.5±1.8,ODI评分由﹙76.5±13﹚%减少至﹙23.5±8﹚%,与手术前有显著性改善﹙0.001﹚。术后X线片及CT提示伤椎内骨水泥填充部位满意,无硬脊膜受压表现。测量X光片术前单椎体后突成角为平均23±8°,术后平均13±5°,改善角度平均10±3°。椎体高度术前平均1.3±0.6cm,术后平均2.1±0.7cm,高度增加平均0.8±0.3cm。手术前后后突角度及椎体高度的恢复均有显著性差异﹙0.001﹚。结论 PKP技术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折不愈合是一种脊柱微创技术,适应于手术耐受性差的老年人,是治疗老年椎体压缩骨折不愈合的有效方法。     

Interest of biochemical markers of bone turnover for long-term prediction of new vertebral fracture in postmenopausal osteoporotic women

Objective: To analyse the interest of baseline levels and short-term (3-months) changes in serum osteocalcin (BGP), serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and urinary C-telopeptide of type I collagen/creatinine ratio (U-CTX) to predict 3-years changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and spinal deformity index (SDI) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Methods: Data were derived from a cohort of 603 osteoporotic women corresponding to the placebo arm of a 3-years prospective, double-blind study. Results: Baseline values of BALP, BGP and U-CTX were negatively and significantly correlated with baseline spinal BMD. Significant correlations were also observed between the changes in BMD observed after 36 months at the spine and baseline BALP (r=0.20, P=0.0001), BGP (r=0.09, P=0.05) and U-CTX (r=−0.11, P=0.02). At 3 years, 71 women (15.9%) showed an increase in their SDI, corresponding to the occurrence of at least one new vertebral deformity. Baseline values of the four bone turnover markers (BTM) were not significantly related to the occurrence of new vertebral deformities. However, when considering the changes in the BTM observed after 3-months of follow-up, BGP (P=0.003) and U-CTX (P=0.047) were identified as significant predictors of an increase of SDI. The associated odds ratios (95% confidence interval (CI)) were 10.922 (2.218–53.78) for unit changes of log BGP and 1.369 (1.003–1.867) for unit changes of log U-CTX. The relative risk (RR) (IC 95%) of having a new vertebral fracture over 36 months was 0.31 (0.15–0.65) when being in the lowest quartile of 3-months changes in BGP as compared with the highest. Conclusion: We conclude that two sequential measurements of BGP and U-CTX performed at 3-months intervals could be of interest to identify postmenopausal osteoporotic women with the highest risk to present new vertebral deformities.     

Vertebral fracture assessment in Moroccan women: Prevalence and risk factors

Introduction

Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a fast, low-radiation technique which produces images that are of sufficient quality to be used to diagnose the presence of vertebral deformity consistent with fracture.

Objective

To study prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fractures using VFA in asymptomatic Moroccan women.

Methods

The study cohort consists of a population of 328 consecutive women aged over 50 (mean age, weight and BMI of 65 ± 6.5 (50–84) years, 72.0 ± 12.8 (42–125) and 29.4 ± 5.0 (17.1–45.8) kg/m², respectively). Lateral VFA images and scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were obtained by two technologists using a GE Healthcare Lunar Prodigy densitometer. Vertebral fractures were defined using a combination of Genant semiquantitative (SQ) approach and morphometry.

Results

68% of vertebrae from T4–L4 and 75% from T8–L4 were adequately visualized on VFA. Vertebral fractures (grades 2 or 3) were detected in 25.6% (84/328) of these women. Thirty-two of women with VFA-identified fracture (38.0%) had only a single vertebral fracture, while the other 61.9% had two or more. Fractures were most common in the mid-thoracic spine and at the thoraco-lumbar junction. As would be expected, the prevalence of VFA-detected fractures increased with age and as BMD declined. Stepwise regression analysis showed that presence of vertebral fracture was mainly related to the spine osteoporotic status, age older than 65, history of peripheral fracture and more than six parities.

Conclusion

Vertebral fractures are common in asymptomatic Moroccan women and are related to age, low BMD, history of fracture and multiparity.     

全脊柱终板抗压强度分布规律的生物力学研究

目的 通过测量全脊柱不同椎体上下终板不同位点的抗压强度,研究全脊柱终板抗压强度的分布规律。方法 选用5具成年男性新鲜脊柱标本(C3~S1),共225个终板。对终板平面49个测试点用平底压头进行压缩加载试验,获得最大破坏载荷。结果 (1) 全脊柱终板抗压强度呈颈腰椎较强、胸椎较弱趋势（P<0.01）。抗压强度自C3~7逐渐减小,在T1水平增大,然后再次逐渐减小,至T7降至最低,自T8开始增强,至L4达到强度最大值,L5复又降低后,S1再次增大。(2) 除C5 和T1外,下终板抗压强度大于上终板（P<0.01）。(3) 除C5/6, T12/L1 和L5/S1间隙外,椎间隙相邻面上一椎体下终板的抗压强度大于下一椎体上终板。(4)中央至外周抗压强度逐渐增大（P＜0.05）。(5)处于不同角度组的压力点,其抗压强度存在差异（P<0.01）。(6) 全脊柱终板不同节段前后强度分布不同（P<0.01）。C3/4后侧终板强度大于前部,C5~7前后部大体持平,至T1再次后部大于前部,经过T2~5过渡段后,自T6~L3出现前部抗压强度大于后部,L4再次相对均衡,至L5、S1出现后部抗压强度大于前部。结论 全脊柱不同节段终板和终板不同部位的强度分布与脊柱生理弯曲关系密切。抗压强度下终板高于上终板,外周大于中央,椎间隙相邻面上一椎体下终板大于下一椎体上终板。