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目的:探讨临床药师在老年病科防范用药错误中的作用和工作方法。方法:针对老年病科容易发生用药错误的环节,结合临床病例,开展防范用药错误的实践工作。结果:临床药师在老年病科通过与医师、护士的沟通交流以及开展用药监护、患者教育等工作可以减少患者的用药错误。结论:临床药师在用药错误的防范中起着重要作用,在老年病科配备临床药师对防范老年患者用药错误、促进安全用药尤为重要。 相似文献
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为研究老年住院患者用药现状及不合理用药原因,在2015年5月~2016年12月期间,药师对我院1325例老年住院患者指导用药,将此过程中发现的不合理用药案例进行回顾性分析。研究发现,1325例患者中有539例(40.68%)患者存在不合理用药情况,共涉及978种次用药问题,其中涉及患者不合理用药高达713种次(72.90%),医生不合理用药150种次(15.34%),护士不合理用药115种次(11.76%)。经药师干预后,不合理用药种次比例下降了90.70% 。国内不合理用药相关研究多数为医嘱回顾分析,对住院患者合理性用药的研究较少。而本研究中药师在审核医嘱同时也指导患者用药,作为药物使用终端的患者不合理用药占比最多,这一结果不能孤立地认为是某一方的原因,防止不合理用药,保证患者用药安全需要医生、药师、护士、患者四方共同努力来实现。 相似文献
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《临床药物治疗杂志》2017,(5)
目的:调查北京积水潭医院上报的242例老年患者用药错误报告,探讨保障老年患者用药安全、防止用药错误的对策。方法:根据北京积水潭医院安全用药监测网上报老年患者(≥65岁)用药错误报告,对错误发生场所、错误因素、差错内容、患者原患疾病等项目进行统计分析。结果:老年患者用药错误内容主要以用量(18.22%)、适应证(13.77%)、禁忌证(11.34%)为主;导致用药错误(medication error,ME)发生的因素主要为知识欠缺(18.72%)、疲劳(18.58%)及培训不足(14.86%);涉及的药物中以抗感染药物、内分泌系统用药及心血管系统用药为多,按剂型大多为片剂及注射液。结论:医务人员应加强老年用药相关知识的学习,药师应着重审核老年患者用药中的用量、适应证及禁忌证,医疗机构应建立有效的慢病管理制度。 相似文献
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《中国药房》2019,(22):3150-3154
目的:评估老年多重用药住院患者的用药状况,评价临床药师开展药学服务的效果,为老年患者临床用药合理化提供参考。方法:选择2018年10月-2019年2月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院住院且存在多重用药的老年患者,通过老年综合评估团队构建并开展老年住院患者的药学服务流程;结合欧洲医药保健网分类系统对药物相关问题进行分析,采用Bayliff工具评价药物相关问题的危害程度以评价其用药现状;采用Morisky调查问卷分析患者用药依从性,并随访患者出院3个月后的用药情况以评价药师干预的效果。结果:共纳入71例存在多重用药现象的老年住院患者,其中52例患者(73.24%)存在54个药物相关问题,其中32个(59.26%)与治疗有效性相关,13个(24.07%)为发生药物不良事件(可能存在),9个(16.67%)为不必要的药物治疗问题。药物相关问题发生原因共有69个,其中医嘱原因有58个(84.06%),以药物选择(36.23%)、药物剂量(24.64%)和药物剂型(20.29%)为主。临床药师共进行了143次干预,干预成功102次,成功率为71.33%。干预接受程度最高的是药物不良事件上报(100%),其次涉及患者层面(97.56%)、医师层面(65.12%)和药物层面(52.83%)。54个药物相关问题中潜在危害程度以1级危害最多,有35个(64.81%)。经临床药师用药教育后,患者用药依从性评分为(6.19±0.58)分,显著高于其入院初期评分(4.13±1.62)分(P<0.05)。随访结果显示,有6例患者自行停药,13例患者自行加服药物。结论:该院大部分老年多重用药住院患者普遍存在药物相关问题。临床药师可根据临床实际情况建立适合临床需求的可行的药学服务流程,同时可借助相关用药标准、药品说明书和用药软件等评估工具,根据患者的生理病理情况,与医师共同为老年患者选择适宜的治疗药物,减少多重用药和不合理用药,以提高老年患者用药的有效性和安全性。 相似文献
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老年住院患者合理用药分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:了解老年住院患者的用药情况,评判药物使用的合理性。方法:应用回顾性病历调查方法对800例老年住院患者用药进行了分析,共查阅了4800余条医嘱。结果:800名患者住院期间使用药物平均为4~14种,最多可达24种;有8种常见的不合理用药表现,药物相互作用及药物不良反应随用药品种增多而增加。结论:老年住院患者34%存在不合理用药,应引起足够重视,加强临床用药的监测,尽量减少用药品种,避免不合理的联合用药对进一步提高老年住院患者的用药水平有较大的帮助。 相似文献
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目的通过对老年住院患者的心理调查及临床干预,观察了解老年住院患者的心理变化。方法通过收集我院2010年1月1日至2013年1月日收治住院老年患者300人。年龄在60-95岁,平均为72.5岁。男性患者78人,女性患者222人。进行临床心理调查,临床综合干预。结果住院老年患者抑郁和焦虑状况得到缓解。结论对老年住院患者的心理状况调查及时的干预,降低老年患者抑郁、焦虑状况,有利于老年患者的身心健康。 相似文献
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目的:探讨临床药师干预对老年患者用药合理性的作用。方法:采用回顾性分析的方法,随机抽取南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院老年科2016年1至3月出院的100例患者作为对照组,抽取2017年1至3月出院的100例患者作为干预组。对2组患者的不合理医嘱、住院期间用药种类、处方金额和个体化给药情况进行对比分析。结果:经临床药师干预后,干预组总不合理医嘱率、用药种类、注射剂种类、处方金额均较对照组均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=28. 19, t=5. 12、5.68、8.94, P <0.01);干预组进行个体化给药的例次明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.99, P <0.01)。结论:临床药师干预对提高老年科患者用药合理性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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目的:研究临床药师对住院患者不合理用药干预方法。方法:采取系统方法查找存在问题,对问题进行论证和分析,并以多种方式给予合理干预,尤其是充分利用信息化系统对不合理用药进行自动监测和干预。结果与结论:临床药师采取的干预方法虽然简单,但行之有效,是行政干预不合理用药的基础和补充。 相似文献
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目的:了解神经内科老年(≥60岁)住院患者用药情况。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对2013—2014年神经内科1000例老年住院患者的用药情况进行统计分析。结果:1000例患者中,脑梗死患者居多(758例),其他为脑供血不足、脑出血、眩晕症、癫痫等患者;其中,脑梗死合并高血压病患者436例、脑梗死合并高脂血症患者154例。针对脑梗死患者采用的主要治疗药物包括静脉给药的舒血宁注射液、奥扎格雷钠、奥拉西坦和口服给药的逐瘀通脉胶囊、灯盏生脉胶囊、阿司匹林肠溶片等。针对脑梗死合并高血压病患者,主要使用缬沙坦氨氯地平、左氨氯地平、缬沙坦等控制血压;针对脑梗死合并高血脂患者,主要使用阿托伐他丁钙、瑞舒伐他丁钙调节血脂。结论:神经内科老年住院患者以脑血管疾病患者居多,其中以脑梗死患者为主,针对脑梗死的治疗药物多以活血化瘀类中药和神经系统用药为主,针对脑梗死合并症的治疗药物多以钙通道阻滞剂类抗高血压药和他汀类调节血脂药为主。神经内科的临床用药基本合理。 相似文献
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目的 分析老年住院患者注射用红花黄色素超说明书用药情况并干预,降低老年人用药风险,促进临床合理使用。方法 分析老年住院患者注射用红花黄色素超说明书用药现状,通过对其超说明书用药的临床研究和文献进行检索评价后,制定注射用红花黄色素超说明书用药规则,采取软件智能审核与临床药师审核互补的方式对超说明书用药情况进行点评干预。随机抽取2018年1-6月(干预前)和2018年7~12月(干预后)老年住院患者使用注射用红花黄色素病历各480份,评价超说明书用药干预效果。结果 老年住院患者超说明书使用注射用红花黄色素问题严重。涉及的超说明书用药类型主要有超适应症用药、超溶媒、配伍禁忌和超注意事项,干预后各类型超说明书用药例数均明显下降,超说明书用药医嘱比例由干预前的56.61%下降至16.21%,不良反应上报数量由干预前的8例降至干预后的3例。结论 老年住院患者注射用红花黄色素超说明书用药情况普遍存在,利用合理用药软件实时监测与临床药师审核互补的方式可以显著减少超说明书用药。 相似文献
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目的:临床药师通过在骨科住院的老年患者中实施药物重整服务,识别和修正用药偏差,避免潜在的用药错误,从而保障药物治疗的有效性和连续性。方法:以2014年10月-2015年10月在某院骨科住院的60岁以上患者作为研究对象,由临床药师主导,制订患者的药物重整方案。结果:共获得625例患者的完整用药史,实施药物重整103例,药物重整共涉及491条药物医嘱,存在用药偏差232条,其中131条药物医嘱若不经处理可造成较为严重后果。药物重整患者中例均用药偏差(2.3±1.6)个,药师例均重整时间65 min。在用药不一致的种类中,以用药禁忌最为常见,重整的药物种类以心血管药物居多。患者自带药品数越多,发生用药偏差的可能性越大。结论:实施药物重整服务,可在药物伤害事件发生前有效地识别并修正用药偏差。医、药、护、患之间应加强沟通和交流,保障患者用药安全。 相似文献
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1. Older people have substantial interindividual variability in health, disability, age-related changes, polymorbidity, and associated polypharmacy, making generalization of prescribing recommendations difficult.
2. Medication use in older adults is often inappropriate and erroneous, partly because of the complexities of prescribing and partly because of many patient, provider, and health system factors that substantially influence the therapeutic value of medications in aged people.
3. A high prevalence of medication errors in older adults results on the one hand from accumulation of factors that contribute to medication errors in all age groups, such as polypharmacy, polymorbidity, enrolment in several disease-management programmes, and fragmentation of care. On the other hand, specific geriatric aspects play a role in these medication errors; these include age-related pharmacological changes, lack of specific evidence on the efficacy and safety of medications, underuse of comprehensive geriatric assessment, less availability of drug formulations offering geriatric doses, and inadequate harmonization of geriatric recommendations across Europe.
4. The dearth of geriatric clinical pharmacology and clinical pharmacy services compounds the difficulties.
5. There are gaps in research and clinical practice that lead to frequent medication errors in older adults, which must be solved by future studies and by regulatory measures in order to support errorless and appropriate use medications in these people. 相似文献
2. Medication use in older adults is often inappropriate and erroneous, partly because of the complexities of prescribing and partly because of many patient, provider, and health system factors that substantially influence the therapeutic value of medications in aged people.
3. A high prevalence of medication errors in older adults results on the one hand from accumulation of factors that contribute to medication errors in all age groups, such as polypharmacy, polymorbidity, enrolment in several disease-management programmes, and fragmentation of care. On the other hand, specific geriatric aspects play a role in these medication errors; these include age-related pharmacological changes, lack of specific evidence on the efficacy and safety of medications, underuse of comprehensive geriatric assessment, less availability of drug formulations offering geriatric doses, and inadequate harmonization of geriatric recommendations across Europe.
4. The dearth of geriatric clinical pharmacology and clinical pharmacy services compounds the difficulties.
5. There are gaps in research and clinical practice that lead to frequent medication errors in older adults, which must be solved by future studies and by regulatory measures in order to support errorless and appropriate use medications in these people. 相似文献
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目的:建立抑郁症住院患者用药教育的模式,提高患者用药依从性,并为临床药师开展抑郁症用药教育提供规范化操作流程。方法:临床药师参与抑郁症住院患者的治疗过程,对患者进行全病程跟踪并在治疗过程中对患者进行用药教育。结果:建立系统、规范的抑郁症住院患者用药教育模式。结论:用药教育模式的建立有利于临床药师开展工作,提高患者对抑郁症以及药物治疗的认识和依从性。 相似文献
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1. Poor prescribing is probably the most common cause of preventable medication errors in hospitals, and many of these events involve junior doctors who have recently graduated. Prescribing is a complex skill that depends on a sound knowledge of medicines, an understanding of the principles of clinical pharmacology, the ability to make judgements concerning risks and benefits, and ideally experience. It is not surprising that errors occur.
2. The challenge of being a prescriber is probably greater now than ever before. Medical education has changed radically in the last 20 years, reflecting concerns about an overburdened curriculum and lack of focus on social sciences. In the UK, these changes have resulted in less teaching in clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing as guaranteed features of undergraduate training and assessment. There has been growing concern, not least from students, that medical school training is not sufficient to prepare them for the pressures of becoming prescribers. Similar concerns are being expressed in other countries. While irrefutable evidence that these changes are related to medication errors identified in practice, there is circumstantial evidence that this is so.
3. Systems analysis of errors suggests that knowledge and training are relevant factors in causation and that focused education improves prescribing performance. We believe that there is already sufficient evidence to support a careful review of how students are trained to become prescribers and how these skills are fostered in the postgraduate years. We provide a list of guiding principles on which training might be based. 相似文献
2. The challenge of being a prescriber is probably greater now than ever before. Medical education has changed radically in the last 20 years, reflecting concerns about an overburdened curriculum and lack of focus on social sciences. In the UK, these changes have resulted in less teaching in clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing as guaranteed features of undergraduate training and assessment. There has been growing concern, not least from students, that medical school training is not sufficient to prepare them for the pressures of becoming prescribers. Similar concerns are being expressed in other countries. While irrefutable evidence that these changes are related to medication errors identified in practice, there is circumstantial evidence that this is so.
3. Systems analysis of errors suggests that knowledge and training are relevant factors in causation and that focused education improves prescribing performance. We believe that there is already sufficient evidence to support a careful review of how students are trained to become prescribers and how these skills are fostered in the postgraduate years. We provide a list of guiding principles on which training might be based. 相似文献
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目的:对缺血性脑卒中住院患者的用药进行分析与推荐。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,对缺血性脑卒中住院患者病历进行用药分析,并基于缺血性脑卒中治疗指南等,对临床路径用药进行合理推荐。结果:缺血性脑卒中约89%的患者合并两种以上疾病。治疗药物使用比例排在前5位的依次为阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀钙、丹红、依达拉奉和桂哌齐特。不合理用药比例为9.93%,排在前3位的依次为用法用量不适宜、无特殊理由未按指南推荐用药和无适应证用药。患者平均用药费用1.11万元/人,占住院费用的49.33%。结论:缺血性脑卒中患者用药复杂,一些治疗药物使用的合理性缺少循证医学证据支持,临床路径用药方案需要完善,以提高其治疗的经济性。 相似文献
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目的:分析临床药师对不合理用药医嘱的审核干预情况,促进临床合理用药水平的提高.方法:通过医院"病案质控系统"提取我院2012-2014年临床药师对不合理用药医嘱的干预数据,对不合理用药干预数据进行统计分析.结果:临床药师干预不合理用药医嘱1 860例,干预次数排名前3位的科室依次是神经外科(40.43%)、神经内科(11.24%)和骨科(8.17%);干预类型前3位分别为超疗程用药(25.65%)、超适应证用药(20.54%)和重复用药(16.67%).结论:临床药师应不断提升与重点科室及重点医师的药学交流效率,加强对重点药物的不合理用药监测,应以事前防控纠错为主,事后点评分析为辅,技术干预结合行政干预,促进合理用药水平持续改进. 相似文献
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《Expert opinion on drug safety》2013,12(5):449-455
It is estimated that over three-quarters of a million people are injured or die in hospitals each year from adverse drug events (ADEs). The majority of medical errors result from poorly designed healthcare systems rather than from negligence on the part of healthcare providers. In general, healthcare systems rely on voluntary reporting, which seriously underestimates the number of medication errors and ADEs by as much as 90%. This paper reviews the causes and impact of medication errors and ADEs. It also reports studies that have used information technology (IT) to detect and prevent medication errors and ADEs. Significant reduction of medication errors and ADEs requires systemic implementation of IT, improvements in the reporting of errors, and integration of the components of the healthcare systems’ information systems. At the present time, most healthcare systems should be able to use IT to detect and prevent ADEs. 相似文献