顺、反-α-溴代桂皮酰胺类化合物的合成与抗惊活性关系的研究

通过苯环上有取代基的α,β-二溴苯丙酰氯与适量另丁胺或异丙胺反应,得近于等量的α-溴代桂皮酰胺顺、反异构体。用此法并经薄层层析分离得间氯-α-溴代桂皮酰另丁胺等10对顺、反几何异构体,其中以对溴-和对氯-顺式-α-溴代桂皮酰另丁胺的抗惊作用(MES)较强。药理实验表明,这些异构体的构型、苯环及酰胺氮上的取代基对其生物活性都有一定影响。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——Ⅳ.β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺类及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成

本文报道38个β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成。这类化合物的制备是以相应的β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类化合物(Ⅰ)进行催化氢化或与溴加成而得。经动物筛选发现β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类的丙烯双键以氢饱和以后生成丙酰胺类化合物(Ⅱ),对感染日本血吸虫病的小白鼠完全失去治疗或预防作用。而以溴饱和双键的α,β-二溴化合物(Ⅲ)则仍然有较显著的杀虫作用。其中尤以β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰异丙胺(Ⅲ₁₁)和β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰甘氨酸乙酯(Ⅲ₂₄)最为显著,后者曾试用于临床,证明有一定疗效。     

对-氯苯丙炔酰胺类化合物的合成及其与肼反应产物的研究

桂皮酰胺类化合物的抗惊作用,国内外有不少研究。围绕桂皮酰胺分子进行了一系列结构改造,苯环对位用氯取代,酰胺上引入异丙基、另丁基等对提高此类化合物的抗惊活性有利。据此,我们以炔基代替烯基,合成了对-氯苯丙炔酰胺类化合物。刘维勤等曾报告,对-氯-β-氨基桂皮酰另丁胺有较好的抗惊作用且镇静作用微弱,我     

抗胆碱药α-环戊基苯甲氧基烃胺类化合物的合成

本文报道了一系列α-环戊基苯甲氧基烃胺类抗胆碱化合物的合成。所用的原料。α-环戊基苯甲醇系由澳代环戊烷和苯甲腈进行格氏反应,得到的环戊基苯基酮,再以四氢铝锂还原成相应的醇。此法制备的较文献方法的产率高,且为纯品。以α-环戊基苯甲醇和氯代烃胺在氢化钠存在下缩合或以。α-环戊基-α-氯代苯甲烷与氮杂环烷醇缩合制得目的物。药理筛选结果显示,所合成的化合物都有不同程度的抗胆碱作用。     

强效镇痛剂研究 Ⅶ.1-β-羟基-3-甲基芬太尼(7302)及有关化合物非对映异构体的合成及镇痛活性

本文报道N-[1-(β-羟基-β-苯乙基)-3-甲基-4-哌啶基]-N-丙酰苯胺(简称1-β-羟基-3-甲基芬太尼,编号7302)及N-[1-苯甲酰基甲基-3-甲基-4-哌啶基]-N-丙酰苯胺(7303)非对映异构体的合成及镇痛活性。初步结果表明(小鼠,ip,热板法),7302分子中三个手性中心的构型对镇痛活性影响都至关重要。顺-A-7302的强度为顺-B-7302的5.3倍,反-A-7302为反-B-7302的2倍左右。顺-A-7302为四个非对映异构体中作用最强者,为吗啡的6000多倍,为依托芬的3倍左右。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究 Ⅱ.α-取代-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及酯类衍生物的合成

本文报导α-取代-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及酯类衍生物85个的合成。这类化合物系分别以糠醛或硝基糠醛与相应的羧酸钾盐经Perkin反应缩合后,按一般方法制成酰胺及酯;或以相应的硝基呋喃丙烯酰胺经溴化;或通过氮内酯中间体经水解、醇解和氨解而制备。经动物篩选后发现有13个化合物对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有作用,其中α—甲基—β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰正丁胺(I₆,F-30058),α-甲基-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰乙醇胺(I₁₀,F-30141)及α-甲基-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰-2′-羟基丙胺(I₁₁,F-30111)三个具有较好抑制作用。     

水杨酸及其类似物抑制β-内酰胺酶的构效关系研究

目的检测水杨酸及水杨酸的19个类似物对分离自铜绿假单胞菌的β-内酰胺酶的抑制活性，初步探讨它们的构效关系。方法采用Nitrocefin法。结果水杨酸对该酶的50%抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为22 mmol·L^-1； 4个类似物的IC₅₀比水杨酸低，其余类似物的活性比水杨酸差。结论水杨酸苯环上的羧基及邻位羟基是活性基团之一。水杨酸邻位上的羟基被羧基取代后能提高抑制活性。在水杨酸的苯环上增加磺酸基或硝基能提高抑制活性。苯环上的氨基可降低水杨酸的抑制活性。在苯甲酸的苯环上连接氯或氟与抑制活性无关。     

海南含羞草中黄酮碳苷类化学成分的研究

目的研究海南含羞草(Mimosa pudica)的化学成分。方法利用Diaion HP-20，Toyopearl HW-40，MCI-Gel CHP-20，Sephadex LH-20，RP18及硅胶等柱色谱法对海南含羞草成分进行分离纯化，根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离鉴定了4个化合物：7,8,3′,4′-四羟基-6-C-［α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(I)，5,7,4′-三羟基-8-C-［α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(II)，5,7,3′,4′-四羟基-6-C-［α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(III)，儿茶素(IV)。结论化合物I为新化合物，化合物II～IV为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢研究

目的探讨拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢产物及其过程.方法ip拟人参皂苷F₁₁后,应用TLC分析排泄物中的代谢产物,并利用制备薄层分离制备代谢产物,通过波谱解析(MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹HCOSY)确定其结构.结果从粪便中分离鉴定了3种代谢产物,分别为拟人参皂苷R_T5,ocotillol和1个新的代谢产物F-3-1,并确定其结构为6-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(20S,23S,24R)-达玛-20(24)-环氧-3β,6α,12β,23,25-五醇(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(20S,23S,24R)-dammar-20(24)-epoxy-3-β,6α,12β,23,25-pentanol).但在尿液和胆汁中并未发现任何代谢产物.结论拟人参皂苷F₁₁不被肝脏代谢,但胆汁排泄物可在肠道被代谢为水解和氧化产物.     

氯霉素,Ⅱ.α-溴代-对-硝基苯乙酮的合成

本文叙述了二种制备氯霉素的重要中間体α-溴代-对-硝基苯乙酮的方法。(一) α-苯基-β-溴代乙醇(Ⅱ)經硝化生成α-对-硝基苯基-β-溴代乙醇硝酸酯(Ⅲ),将此硝酸酯直接水解即生成相应的醇,但以先轉化成α-对-硝基苯基-β-溴代乙醇乙酸酯(Ⅳ),然后醇解成α-对硝基苯基-β-溴代乙醇(Ⅴ)收率較高,后者可用鉻酸氧化成α-溴代-对-硝基苯乙酮(Ⅳ),由最初原料苯乙烯(Ⅰ)計算全程收率分別为37.2%与40.8%。(二) β-溴代乙苯(Ⅶ)依次經硝化及氧化作用亦生成α-溴代-对-硝基苯乙酮(Ⅵ),全程收率50.8%。     

N-(α,β-双取代-4-氯桂皮酰基)另丁胺的合成及构效关系研究

本文合成了13个N-(α,β-双取代-4-氯桂皮酰基)另丁胺类化合物(4 Ea,4 Eb～e,4Zb～e,6 Ea～b,6 Za～b),通过NMR指定了其几何异构体的构型,其中4个化合物的构型已由X光衍射结果证实。报道了用量子化学(EHMO)方法计算18个化合物与其分子稳定构象相适应的扭角Q₁和Q₂的值,以及它们的抗惊活性。讨论了Q₁和Q₂与抗惊活性间的关系。提出了该类化合物与受体结合,产生抗惊厥作用的模型。     

Relationships Between the Chemical Structure of Antimycobacterial Substances and Their Activity Against Atypical Strains. Part 14: 3-Aryl-6,8-dihalogeno-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones

A set of eight derivatives of 6,8-dichloro-3-phenyl-2H-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dione and nine derivatives of 6,8-dibromo-3-phenyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dione, substituted on the phenyl ring, was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding salicylanilides with ethyl chloroformate. The compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium avium. Their activity increases with increasing hydrophobicity and electron-withdrawing ability of the substituents on the phenyl ring.     

Recognition of pharmacophore of ar-turmerone for its anticancer activity

For the analysis of structure activity relationship of ar-turmerone analogues, the compounds containing the various substituents on the phenyl ring and 1(or 2)-naphthyl group in the place of phenyl of ar-turmerone were prepared and tested their cytotoxicity against HL-60, K-562, and L1210 leukemia cellsin vitro. The substituents at para position are methoxy, phenoxy, methyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, and chloro. Atmeta position methoxy, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or chloro groups and atortho position methoxy or chloro group were introduced. Against HL-60 and K-562 cells, ED₅₀ values of the analogues are ranged from 0.8 to 30.0 μg/ml. Against L1210 cell, these are located more than 20.0 μg/ml. However, 5-carboethoxy-2-methyl-6-(1-naphthyl)-2-octen-4-one (5n) possesses ED50 valuses 0.8, 2.1, 6.5 μg/ml against HL-60, K-562, L1210 cells, respectively. The electronic nature of the subsituents on phenyl ring of ar-turmerone dose not affect the biological activity. Therefore the flat structure of aromatic portion of ar-turmerone analogues is the more important factor for their activity rather than its electronic nature. The potentiation of the cytotoxicity with the enlargement of aromatic ring region also supports the importance of the plane structure of this area. The restriction of the single bond rotation between C-6 and aromatic ring through the introduction of substituents at theortho position of phenyl ring and the increment of size of alkyl group at C-6 position enhances the activity. Therefore the effective conformation should be the one having the orthogonal arrangement between the aromatic ring and the side chain.     

香茶菜抗癌成分的研究

从香茶菜属植物香茶菜Rabdosia amethystoides(Benth) Hara中分得七种成分,其中之一香茶菜甲素为一新的四环二萜,有抗实验肿瘤及抑制金黄色葡萄球菌作用。用光谱法配合衍生物制备,确定甲素为7α,14β=羟基-20α羟甲基-16-贝壳杉烯-11,15=酮乙素为乌苏酸,丙素为β-谷甾醇,己素为硬脂酸,其余成分尚在研究中。     

The interactions of phenytoin and its binding site in DI‐S6 segment of Na+ channel voltage‐gated peptide by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling study

Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of a model peptide (BL‐DIS6), in the presence of anticonvulsant diphenyl drug, phenytoin (DPH), were measured to obtain the interactions between the selected drug and the model peptide. BL‐DIS6's sequence corresponds to the S6 segment in domain I of rat brain type IIA Na⁺‐channel. NMR studies have demonstrated that the magnitude of the chemical shifts of amide‐ and α‐protons can be used as a measurement of the complex stability and binding site of the peptide. Our NMR results propose a 3₁₀‐helical structure for BL‐DIS6, and suggest a binding cavity for DPH that involves the hydrophobic particles of residues Ans‐7, Leu‐8, Val‐11, and Val‐12. Furthermore, molecular modeling was performed to provide a possible complex conformation that the phenyl portion of DPH is accommodated in the proximity of the C‐terminal residues Ala‐11 and Val‐12, and simultaneously the heterocyclic amine ring of DPH is perching at the residue Asn‐7 periphery and stabilizing the phenyl portion deep insertion into the peptide.     

Photochemical study of hexahydroquinoline derivatives--a new group of calcium antagonists

The photochemical stability of 2,6,6-trimethyl-3-carbmethoxy-4-phenyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline (HHQ) derivatives with different substituents on the phenyl ring (-Cl, -NO2, -CF3, -CH3, -OCH3) has been studied. The process of photodegradation was studied by UV spectrophotometry. The rate of photodegradation was found to depend on the type and position of the substituent in the phenyl ring. The compounds most susceptible to the damaging effect of light proved to be those containing the nitro group, in particular with the substituent in the ortho position of the aromatic ring. Derivatives with alkyl (-CH3) and halo-alkyl (-CF3) substituents showed the greatest photochemical stability. The compounds with substituents in the ortho position were found to be much less photostable than the meta isomers. The quantum yield values obtained ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-3), indicating the occurrence of secondary photochemical processes initiated by the primary products of decomposition.     

Anticonvulsant activity of phenylmethylenehydantoins: a structure-activity relationship study

Phenylmethylenehydantoins (PMHs) and their des-phenyl analogues were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity using the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) assay. The phenyl rings of PMHs were substituted with a wide spectrum of groups, and the selection of substituents was guided by Craig's plot. Phenylmethylenehydantoins substituted with alkyl (2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 14), halogeno (35, 38, 41), trifluoromethyl (11), and alkoxyl (23) groups at the phenyl ring were found to exhibit good anticonvulsant activity with ED(MES(2.5)) ranging from 28 to 90 mg/kg. Substitution of polar groups such as -NO(2), -CN, and -OH was found to be less active or inactive on PMHs. Replacement of the phenyl ring with heteroaromatic rings reduced or caused the loss of anticonvulsant activity. The study identified two PMHs, 14 (ED(MES(2.5)) = 28 +/- 2 mg/kg) and 12 (ED(MES(2.5)) = 39 +/- 4 mg/kg), to be the most active candidates of the series, which are comparable to phenytoin (55, ED(MES(2.5)) = 30 +/- 2 mg/kg) in their protection against seizure. Multivariate analysis performed on the whole series of 54 PMHs further supported the finding that the alkylated phenylmethylenehydantoins are the best acting compounds. The SAR model derived on the basis of 12 of the most active phenylmethylenehydantoins demonstrated good predicting ability (root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.134; RMSEE = 0.057) and identified LUMO energy and the log P as critical parameters for their anticonvulsant activity.     

Molecular Structure and Dynamics of cis(Z)- and trans(E)-Flupenthixol and Clopenthixol

The three-dimensional structures and molecular electrostatic potentials of the cis(Z) and trans(E)-isomers of flupenthixol and clopenthixol were examined by computer graphics and molecular mechanical and quantum mechanical calculations, and their internal molecular motions were studied by molecular dynamics simulations in vacuo and in aqueous solution. The simulations demonstrated that both the side chains and the tricyclic ring systems of clopenthixol and flupenthixol are highly flexible. The angle between the two phenyl ring planes varied between 105 and 171° during the simulations in solution. The electrostatic potentials around the 2-substituent were significantly more negative in the trans(E)-isomers than in the cis(Z)-isomers. The stronger negative potentials may weaken electrostatic receptor interactions and, thereby, cause the trans(E)-isomers to be less active than cis(Z)-isomers. Differences both in three-dimensional structure and in electronic structure may cause the difference in pharmacological activity between cis(Z)- and trans(E)-thioxanthenes.