穿心莲提取物对结核分枝杆菌的体外抑菌作用研究

目的：探讨穿心莲提取物对结核分枝杆菌的体外抑菌活性。方法：采用噬菌体生物扩增法检测穿心莲提取物对结核分枝杆菌标准株和112株临床分离株的抑菌作用。结果：以细菌接种量为10-3mg/mL,药物浓度100μg/mL、37℃作用48h为药敏试验条件。经噬菌体法测定穿心莲提取物对三株结核分枝杆菌标准株均具有抑菌作用,对112株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中70%（35/50）的耐药菌和100%（62/62）的敏感株具有抑菌作用。结论：穿心莲在试管内对分枝杆菌的作用随着其浓度高低而不同：100ug/mL穿心莲提取物不仅对敏感菌株具有抑菌作用,对耐药菌株也同样具有抑菌作用。     

rpoB基因不同突变位点结核分枝杆菌利福平体外最小抑菌浓度的变化

目的 探讨rpoB基因不同突变位点结核分枝杆菌利福平体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的变化.方法 收集人型的结核分枝杆菌菌株103株,利用基因芯片法筛选rpoB耐药突变基因菌株.采用绝对浓度法对所有菌株进行不同浓度的利福平药敏试验,观察不同菌株对利福平的MIC.结果 基因芯片共分离出55株rpoB突变株,48株非突变株.突变株MIC值为(459.6±205.8)μg/ml,高于非突变株的(5.0±4.5)μg/ml(P ＜0.05).55株rpoB突变株中突变位点分别为531(C→T)、526(C→G/T)和516(A→G/T),531(C→T)位点突变株的MIC值为(576.0±29.3)μg/ml,均高于516(A→G/T)的(432.9±38.2) μg/ml和526(C→G/T)的(355.5±59.5) μg/ml(P＜0.05),但526(C→G/T)、516(A→G/T)位点突变株的MIC比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 基因芯片检测结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因突变株与其耐药表型相关性较高.不同突变位点的结核杆分枝菌菌株对利福平的耐药程度有差异,可为临床合理用药提供参考.     

固公果根提取物对肠道致病菌的体外抑菌活性研究

【目的】测定固公果根提取物不同极性萃取部位对5种肠道致病菌的体外抑菌活性。【方法】采用试管稀释法测定固公果根提取物不同极性萃取部位对肠产毒性大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、猪霍乱沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌和肠产毒素金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。【结果】水饱和正丁醇层对受试菌株的抑菌作用最强,MIC为39～156μg/ml;乙酸乙酯萃取层抑菌活性较强,MIC为156～625μg/ml;氯仿萃取层抑菌活性较差,MIC>1 250μg/ml;水萃取层抑菌活性最差,MIC>2500μg/ml。【结论】固公果根提取物乙酸乙酯萃取层和水饱和正丁醇层对受试菌株有较好的抑菌活性。     

灵芝提取物对耻垢分枝杆菌GlmU基因表达的影响

目的研究灵芝水提取物、灵芝三萜对耻垢分枝杆菌(M.S-155)增殖曲线、GlmU基因表达、细胞壁结构的影响。方法将6×107 M.S-155接种用含有500μg/mL灵芝水提取物、灵芝三萜的LB培养基培养耻垢分枝杆菌作为实验组,6×107 M.S-155单独培养作为对照,取不同时间A600值绘制耻垢分枝杆菌增殖曲线,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)及蛋白免疫印迹(Western blotting)检测GlmU蛋白表达情况,透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察细胞壁的形态变化。结果增殖曲线说明灵芝水提取物、灵芝三萜对耻垢分枝杆菌生长明显抑制,对应A600值组间有差异(P<0.05),而同等剂量的灵芝三萜抑菌能力更强;SDS-PAGE及Western blotting检测到相对分子质量51.5×103蛋白处蛋白实验组明显变暗(P<0.05);用TEM观察其对耻垢分枝杆菌细胞壁结构的影响,实验组M.S-155经灵芝三萜处理后的耻垢分枝杆菌的细胞壁明显膨胀、变形。结论灵芝水提取物、灵芝三萜对M.S-155有明显的抑制作用,而其作用位点很可能就是抑制了GlmU基因的体外表达,灵芝提取物不但能够抑制M.S-155增殖而且能够影响细胞壁功能,为进一步研究灵芝应用价值奠定了基础。     

不同中药提取物对幽门螺杆菌耐药菌株体外抗菌活性研究

目的探索不同中药提取物对幽门螺杆菌(helicobter pylori,H.pylori)耐药菌株是否具有体外抗菌活性,为中药治疗H.pylori耐药菌株提供依据。方法采用琼脂稀释法分别检测不同中药乙醇提取物对H.pylori标准菌株和临床耐药菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),分别计算其MIC50和MIC90。结果中药提取物大黄、黄连、黄芩、败酱草、延胡索的MIC50和MIC90分别为:32,64,32,64,128,256,>512,>512,>512,>512 mg/L。结论大黄及黄连提取物对H.pylori临床耐药菌株具有较明显的体外抑菌作用;黄芩提取物对H.pylori临床耐药菌株具较弱的体外抑菌作用;败酱草、延胡索提取物对于H.pylori临床耐药菌株无明显体外抑菌作用。     

结核分枝杆菌耐药基因突变位点对异烟肼体外最小抑菌浓度的影响

目的 探讨结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)耐药基因突变位点对异烟肼(INH)体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的影响.方法 利用基因芯片法筛选耐INH人型Mtb菌株,得到inhA-15(C-T)突变株20株、KatG315(G-C)突变株46株,另筛出非突变株32株.采用罗氏培养法对菌株进行复苏,并进行梯度浓度INH敏感性试验,了解INH对不同菌株的MIC.结果 INH对inhA-15(C-T)突变菌株的MIC为(0.375±0.079)μg/ml,对KatG315(G-C)突变菌株的MIC为(5.757±4.060)μg/ml,对无突变菌株的MIC为(0.061±0.050)μg/ml,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).3株无突变菌株表现为低度耐药,inhA-15(C-T)突变组中有1株表现为敏感,其余表现为耐药,KatG315(G-C)突变菌株均表现为耐药.结论 基因芯片筛选的MtbinhA-15(C-T)和KatG315(G-C)突变株均对INH存在不同程度的耐药,临床可根据不同突变位点菌株的耐药结果初步判断Mtb对INH的耐药性.     

肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌利福平基因突变特征及耐药情况

目的 探讨肺结核患者当中的结核分枝杆菌利福平基因发生突变的特征,同时分析其耐药情况,为耐药结核病的预防和治疗提供科学依据。 方法 选取2016年6月—2018年12月杭州师范大学附属医院收治的肺结核患者532例,依据其痰液中的结核分枝杆菌耐药性分为耐药株(218株)及敏感株(314株)。测定2组菌株的rpoB基因序列及最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值水平。 结果 218株耐药菌株中180株为单重突变耐药菌株,rpoB基因结构分析发现,发生比率最高的突变密码子分别为526位(13.2%)、531位(74.4%)。206株(94.5%)耐药菌株出现至少1个突变位点,且均位于耐利福平决定区(RRDR),12株(5.5%)耐药菌株突变位点在RRDR之外。有4株耐药菌株在RRDR之内发生同义突变,4株耐药菌株在RRDR之外发生同义突变。H37Rv密码子未发生任何突变。有8株敏感菌株发生同义突变在RRDR之外。单重突变菌株的RIF平均MIC值水平为(47.34±2.04)μg/mL,显著低于多种突变菌株平均MIC值水平[(118.24±3.95)μg/mL,t=107.636,P<0.001]。526单密码子平均MIC值水平与531单密码子突变菌株的MIC值水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多重密码子突变菌株的MIC值水平为(116.03±5.06)μg/mL高于单重密码子平均MIC值水平[(47.08±1.31)μg/mL,t=85.530,P<0.001]。 结论 利福平耐药性机制可能与rpoB基因的起始端531位、526位等突变相关,rpoB基因序列可用于预测结核分枝杆菌中的利福平耐药情况及表型。      

HPLC法和UV-VIS法测定灵芝孢子粉中灵芝三萜及灵芝多糖的含量

目的建立测定灵芝孢子粉中的两个有效成分灵芝三萜及灵芝多糖含量的方法,为进一步开发和应用灵芝孢子粉提供依据。方法以灵芝酸C2为标准品,通过HPLC法对灵芝孢子粉中灵芝酸C2的含量进行测定。色谱条件为：检测波长254nm;流动相为甲醇：水=55∶45,各加1%冰醋酸;柱温40℃;流速0.7mL/min。以葡萄糖为标准品,采用硫酸-蒽酮比色法,通过UV-VIS法对灵芝孢子粉中灵芝多糖的含量进行测定。结果HPLC法测得三批灵芝孢子粉中灵芝酸C2含量约为0.129‰,0.108‰和0.094‰,灵芝酸C2在7.35～147μg/mL范围内,浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999,回收率为95.9%,95.6%和96.4%。UV-VIS法测得三批灵芝孢子粉中灵芝多糖的含量约为1.152%,1.129%和1.007%,葡萄糖在14.9～119.1μg/mL的范围内,浓度和吸光度呈线性关系,r=0.9991,回收率为95.0%,95.1%和95.2%。结论方法简便、准确,可用于灵芝孢子粉中灵芝三萜和灵芝多糖的含量测定。     

阿坝州人民医院101株结核分枝杆菌耐药情况分析

目的 通过药敏实验,探讨马尔康地区藏族肺结核患者的结核分枝杆菌对抗结核药物的敏感性和耐药性情况,指导临床制定合理的化疗方案.方法 采用绝对浓度间接法检测101株结核分枝杆菌对五种抗结核药物:异烟肼(INH,H)1μg/ml和10μ g/ml,利福平(RFP,R)50μg/ml和250μg/ml,链霉素(SM,S)10μg/ml和20μg/ml,乙胺丁醇(EMB,E)5μg/ml和50μg/ml,氧氟沙星(OFLX,O)5μg/ml和50μg/ml的敏感性.药物依赖判定:在含抗结核药物的培养基上生长旺盛程度和菌量,高浓度药物培养基≥低浓度药物培养基≥对照培养基.结果 101株结核分枝杆菌总耐药率为50.50%,初治耐药率为45.46%,其中耐多药(含 H和R)耐药率22.22%;复治耐药率为72.72%,其中耐多药(含H和R)耐药率45.45%.结论 马尔康地区属高耐药区,应加强结核菌的耐药监测,强化用药及严格管理,预防控制耐药菌株的传播.     

金银花、厚朴对变型链球菌抑制作用的实验研究

目的 研究金银花、厚朴提取物对不同血清型变形链球菌的抑制作用,为筛选具有防龋能力的中草药提供依据.方法 采用纸片法、液体衡释法测定金银花提取物、厚朴酚粗结晶对变形链球菌a、c、e、g型菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC).结果 金银花水提取物对变形链球菌a、c、e、g菌株的抑菌圈分别为11 mm、16 mm、14 mm、和18 mm.MIC分别为600 mg/ml、400 mg/ml、400 mg/ml、400 mg/ml.MBC分别为600 mg/ml、600 mg/ml、600 mg/ml、400 mg/ml.厚朴酚粗结晶对变形链球菌a、c、e、g型菌株的MIC分别为100 ug/ml、50 ug/ml、100 ug/ml、50 ug/ml.MBC分别为100 ug/ml、50 ugml、100 ug/ml、50 ug/ml.结论 金银花、厚朴提取物对不同血清型的变形链球菌菌株均有抑菌或杀菌作用.厚朴提取物--厚朴酚粗结的抑菌作用更强.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.