采集表面肌电信号应用于动作识别的可行性

背景：文献表明上肢前臂运动时所产生的表面肌电信号具有非线性特征,而肢体运动时肌电信号又呈现出非平稳特性。 目的：设计一种简单的拾取电路采集表面肌电信号,拟应用于动作肌电信号的特征识别。 方法：根据表面肌电信号的特点,设计高共模抑制比的前端放大电路,抑制共模干扰;采用低通滤波电路,有源双T带阻滤波器对信号进行去噪处理;对采集得到的信号进行小波包变换,得到信号的特征量。 结果与结论：所设计的表面肌电信号检测电路具有较高共模抑制比,并能有效地滤除50 Hz工频信号,可以满足肌电信号采集电路的基本要求。肌电信号的处理结果表明采用子频段能量值的方法可以区分手部4种不同动作。     

表面肌电信号的分析与应用

表面肌电信号的检测是一种无创电检测方法，它的检测分析对临床诊断及康复医学、运动医学等具有重要意义。本文介绍了表面肌电的信号分析方法（时域分析法、频域分析法、时频分析法及人工神经网络等方法），并介绍了表面肌电信号检测分析的应用状况和前景展望。     

基于小波包变换的肌电信号去噪研究

肌电信号的检测与分析对临床诊断以及康复医学具有重要意义.肌电信号的特点是强噪声背景下的生物信号,对肌电信号的检测和提取具有一定的难度.我们针对肌电信号的特点以及与噪声的关系,采用小波包变换的方法进行去噪研究.通过仿真以及在自主开发的便携肌电诱发电位测量系统中的应用,说明该方法对肌电信号的去噪是有效的.     

表面肌电信号的分析与应用

表面肌电信号的检测是一种无创电检测方法 ,它的检测分析对临床诊断及康复医学、运动医学等具有重要意义。本文介绍了表面肌电的信号分析方法 (时域分析法、频域分析法、时频分析法及人工神经网络等方法 ) ,并介绍了表面肌电信号检测分析技术的应用状况和前景展望     

基于表面肌电的运动员训练过程实时监控与评估系统的设计与实现

研究并实现了一种在体育运动教学、训练和训练效果评估中使用的，基于表面肌电的运动员训练过程实时监控、离线分析系统。根据系统的设计指标设计系统框架，分析肌电信号中噪声的来源，对原始肌电信号进行噪声抑制，采用成熟的肌电数据分析方法解析肌电。结果表明：达到了系统的设计目标，肌电信号噪声小，肌电解析方法能满足运动分析的要求。系统实时在线监测运动员的训练过程，离线对训练效果进行分析和对比试验，对训练过程具有指导意义。     

基于自适应滤波器的表面肌电信号消噪方法研究

目的：应用自适应滤波器消除表面肌电信号中混有的50Hz工频干扰和心电信号干扰。方法：在没有信号特征先验知识的情况下，自适应滤波器能够得到比经典滤波器更好的滤波性能。当输入信号的统计特征未知，或者输入信号的统计特征变化时，自适应滤波器能够根据某种准则的要求自动地调节自身的滤波器参数，从而实现最优滤波。使用Biopac system MP150多导生理记录仪采集人体肱二头肌处表面肌电信号（采样频率为1000Hz）。采用一种新的变步长（LMS）自适应滤波器算法，分别设计自适应陷波器和自适应信号分离器。在MATLAB7．0环境下。编程实现自适应陷波器和自适应信号分离器算法，对采集到的表面肌电信号进行滤波处理。结果：实验表明。变步长自适应陷波器能消除表面肌电信号中的50Hz工频干扰；变步长自适应信号分离器能够将混叠在表面肌电信号中的心电信号分离出来。结论：自适应滤波器能够有效地消除表面肌电信号中混有的50Hz工频干扰和心电信号干扰，得到滤波效果较好的表面肌电信号，为表面肌电信号的进一步分析、处理和评估打下基础。     

基于小波分析与神经网络相结合的表面肌电信号识别的研究

表面肌电信号是从人体骨骼肌表面通过电极记录下来的神经肌肉活动发放的生物电信号,具有非平稳性和复杂性的特点。本研究通过使用小波分析与神经网络相结合的方法,识别正常肌电信号与疲劳肌电信号。实验表明,将小波分解后的肌电信号代替原始肌电信号,能明显提高神经网络对肌电信号的识别准确率。     

基于肌电信号分析研究柔性电极设计参数对电极性能的影响

柔性电极因其穿戴式表面肌电采集的优势而得到研究学者的广泛关注,但很少有研究针对柔性电极的设计参数提 供明确的指导和规范。本实验首先对可能影响电极性能的参数进行了分析;然后利用柔性印刷工艺与喷墨印刷工艺制作 5种不同规格的柔性干电极,并将其与商用湿电极进行对比,设计基于尺侧腕伸肌的肌电采集实验,得到100个表面肌电 信号段;最后对信号段的时频域特性进行分析,从而确定相关参数对电极性能的影响。结果表明增加电极高度后的有源 柔性印刷电路板电极具有更好的信号采集性能。     

在每个心跳周期中检测微弱心电信号的方法

介绍了一种微弱心电信号检测中降低肌电噪声的方法。采用神经网络对噪声进行白化预处理,然后用一种新方法提取掺杂在心电信号中的噪声作为自适应滤波的参考信号,其结果是使原始信号中的噪声得以降低,在晚电位检测的实验中得到了满意的结果。     

表面肌电检测系统上位机应用程序设计

表面肌电是反映人体肌肉状态的电信号,是现代医疗中非常有效的诊疗工具。它对医学研究、工效学、运动学等领域的发展有很大影响。本文在Visual C++6.0环境下,设计开发表面肌电(SEMG)检测系统上位机应用程序。程序功能包括利用算法提取表面肌电重要参数、计算SEMG信号功率谱、实时显示SEMG波形、打印计算参数与波形,以及使用MySQL数据库管理记录的SEMG数据。程序开发后期,使用三片电极测试了测试者右手尺侧碗屈肌、桡侧碗屈肌和肱桡肌三个部位,成功获得测试者肌肉静态与动态时的肌电波形和参数。     

Filtering of surface EMG using ensemble empirical mode decomposition

Surface electromyogram (EMG) is often corrupted by three types of noises, i.e. power line interference (PLI), white Gaussian noise (WGN), and baseline wandering (BW). A novel framework based primarily on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was developed to reduce all the three noise contaminations from surface EMG. In addition to regular EMD, the ensemble EMD (EEMD) was also examined for surface EMG denoising. The advantages of the EMD based methods were demonstrated by comparing them with the traditional digital filters, using signals derived from our routine electrode array surface EMG recordings. The experimental results demonstrated that the EMD based methods achieved better performance than the conventional digital filters, especially when the signal to noise ratio of the processed signal was low. Among all the examined methods, the EEMD based approach achieved the best surface EMG denoising performance.     

Adaptive spatial filtering of multichannel surface electromyogram signals

Spatial filtering of surface electromyography (EMG) signal can be used to enhance single motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). Traditional spatial filters for surface EMG do not take into consideration that some electrodes could have poor skin contact. In contrast to the traditional a priori defined filters, this study introduces an adaptive spatial filtering method that adapts to the signal characteristics. The adaptive filter, the maximum kurtosis filter (MKF), was obtained by using the linear combination of surrounding channels that maximises kurtosis. The MKF and conventional filters were applied to simulated EMG signals and to real EMG signals recorded with an electrode grid to evaluate their performance in detecting single motor units. The MKF was compared with conventional spatial filtering methods. Simulated signals, with different levels of spatially correlated noise, were used for comparison. The influence of one electrode with poor skin contact was also investigated. The MKF was found to be considerably better at enhancing a single MUAP than conventional methods for all levels of spatial correlation of the noise. For a spatial correlation of 0.97 of the noise, the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio, where a MUAP could be detected, was at least 6 dB. With a simulated poor skin contact for one electrode, the improvement over the other methods was at least 19 dB.     

Sixty-four channel wearable acquisition system for long-term surface electromyogram recording with electrode arrays

The use of mono- and bi-dimensional electromyogram (EMG) electrode arrays for the assessment of the neuromuscular system can provide an insight into muscle physiology not achieved with classical bipolar surface EMG. Among the advantages of multichannel EMG detection, there is a) the possibility of estimating muscle fibre conduction velocity, even during motor tasks, and b) the possibility to increase the number of detection points on a muscle, improving the performance of pattern-based EMG decomposition methods. For these reasons, the development and use of multi-channel surface EMG devices and techniques were chosen as the primary goals within the European RTD Project ‘Neuromuscular assessment in the elderly worker’ (NEW). The specific requirements of Project NEW called for the availability of a user-friendly, small-sized EMG acquisition system for field use, suitable for multichannel EMG recording using electrode arrays from one or more muscles. A market survey established that none of the commercially available EMG acquisition systems featured all the desired specifications, nor could they be easily adapted for specific use. The paper describes the design of an innovative acquisition system for long-term multichannel EMG recording fulfilling these requirements and comprising adhesive electrode arrays for artifact-free EMG acquisition during work activity and a portable, user-friendly, battery-powered acquisition system for multichannel EMG recording and storage on a removable PCMCIA card. The system has been used extensively within Project NEW for laboratory and field tests and can find applications in other fields of basic and applied research, including ergonomics, occupational and sports medicine.     

Motor unit recruitment and derecruitment induced by brief increase in contraction amplitude of the human trapezius muscle

The activity pattern of low-threshold human trapezius motor units was examined in response to brief, voluntary increases in contraction amplitude ('EMG pulse') superimposed on a constant contraction at 4–7% of the surface electromyographic (EMG) response at maximal voluntary contraction (4–7% EMG_max). EMG pulses at 15–20% EMG_max were superimposed every minute on contractions of 5, 10, or 30 min duration. A quadrifilar fine-wire electrode recorded single motor unit activity and a surface electrode recorded simultaneously the surface EMG signal. Low-threshold motor units recruited at the start of the contraction were observed to stop firing while motor units of higher recruitment threshold stayed active. Derecruitment of a motor unit coincided with the end of an EMG pulse. The lowest-threshold motor units showed only brief silent periods. Some motor units with recruitment threshold up to 5% EMG_max higher than the constant contraction level were recruited during an EMG pulse and kept firing throughout the contraction. Following an EMG pulse, there was a marked reduction in motor unit firing rates upon return of the surface EMG signal to the constant contraction level, outlasting the EMG pulse by 4 s on average. The reduction in firing rates may serve as a trigger to induce derecruitment. We speculate that the silent periods following derecruitment may be due to deactivation of non-inactivating inward current ('plateau potentials'). The firing behaviour of trapezius motor units in these experiments may thus illustrate a mechanism and a control strategy to reduce fatigue of motor units with sustained activity patterns.     

Noise coherence in closely-spaced electrodes: The implications for spatial averaged EGG recordings

Ensemble signal averaging is conventionally used to reduce the noise content o/ECG recordings. One shortcoming of this technique is that it removes the possibility of registering transient signals. As a consequence the simultaneous averaging of spatially related leads has been used. This relies on the recording electrodes receiving correlated signal components for reinforcement together with uncorrelated noise. We have developed a methodology for studying EMG noise reduction by spatial averaging and present results for different electrode spacings which suggest minimum separations for noise rejection.     

基于高阶谱的肌纤维传导速度谱坑法检测

针对目前采用的谱坑法抗噪声性能差的问题,提出了基于高阶谱重构功率谱的谱坑法,检测肌纤维传导速度(MFCV),并对这种方法的抗噪性能进行了研究.同时,提出一种基于小波多尺度分析的适于噪声环境下谱坑自动检测的多尺度-二阶差分法,完成对肌纤维传导速度的检测.仿真实验结果表明,本文的方法与经典周期图估计功率谱谱坑法相比,可以显著改善估计功率谱的信噪比,提高谱坑法的抗噪能力和MFCV检测的精度.对真实针电极肌电信号的实验结果也表明,利用这种检测方法得到的MFCV数值与通常给出的MFCV范围相符.     

基于肌电信号与肌肉形变信号的手语识别

针对手语手势识别问题,提出一种基于肌电信号与肌肉形变信号的手语识别架构。首先,设计信号采集系统;然后,采集肌电信号与肌肉形变信号,利用滤波及小波降噪等方法对原始数据进行降噪处理。采用基于能熵比的双门限端点检测法提取信号有效活动段;分别提取肌电信号以及肌肉形变信号特征,将所提取的信号特征融合组成特征向量;最后,采用基于网格搜索的支持向量机识别模型对所采集手语动作进行识别。信号融合后手语识别正确率达到97.2%,相对于仅采用肌电信号的手语识别方法,融入肌肉形变信号后识别率提高9.3%。结果表明,基于肌电信号和肌肉形变信号的手语识别框架对动态手语手势具有良好的识别效果。     

MUAP Number Estimates in Surface EMG: Template-Matching Methods and Their Performance Boundaries

Estimates of the number of motor unit action potential (MUAP)s appearing in the surface electromyogram (EMG) signal, which offers potentially valuable information about motor unit recruitment and firing rates, are likely to provide a more accurate reflection of the neural command to muscle than are current EMG quantification methods. In this paper, we show that the basic shapes of surface MUAPs recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle can ideally be represented by a small number of waveforms. On the basis of this, we seek to estimate the number of MUAPs present in standard surface EMG records, using template-matching techniques to identify MUAP occurrences. Our simulation study indicates that the performance of template-matching methods for MUAP number estimation is mainly constrained by the MUAP superposition in the signal, and the maximum number of MUAPs allowed in the signal for a good estimation is determined by the duration of MUAPs. To further explore this from experimental surface EMG signals, we compare the recordings from a selective multiple concentric ring electrode against those derived from a standard differential EMG electrode situated over the same muscle. We conclude that the ring surface electrode only slightly reduces the MUAP duration and the less MUAP superposition rate contained in the signal is mainly achieved by reducing the pick up area of the electrode. Using a template-matching method, although the number of MUAPs can be approximately estimated based on a very selective surface EMG recording at low force levels, the maximum number of MUAPs correctly estimated from the surface EMG is constrained by the MUAP duration.     

Noise of surface bio-potential electrodes based on NASICON ceramic and Ag−AgCl

The electrochemical noise from dry NASICON-based surface electrodes and pregelled Ag−AgCl electrodes is evaluated in saline solutions and on the skin. The electrochemical noise from the electrode/electrolyte interface is found to be negligible (less than 1 μV peak to peak). On the skin, the noise level is highly dependent on the patient. At high frequencies, the skin/electrode interface noise is equal to ‘thermal noise’ and can be related to the real part of the skin/electrode impedance. At low frequencies (f<100 Hz), excess noise is observed that varies as f⁻². It is tentatively ascribed to a non-stationary process or noise of electrochemical origin due to the ionic nature of the skin. The contribution of residual EMG signal of low amplitude (5 μV peak to peak) is suggested for electrodes with large surface area. Reprint requests and correspondence should be addressed to Frist