Intramural esophageal hamartoma: A report of two cases and review of the literature

Intramural esophageal hamartoma is an unusual cause of distal esophageal obstruction in childhood. Two cases are reported with a review of the literature.     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland with prior malignancy and radiotherapy:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Leiomyosarcoma(LMS) of the thyroid gland is a rarely presented tumor that offers poor prognosis. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there currently exist only 28 known cases described in the literature(limited to English).CASE SUMMARY Herein a case is reported of a 60-year-old female patient who had an LMS of the thyroid, which was accompanied by periodic dysphonia and breathing disorder as well as the feeling of pressure in the chest and neck. At the time the disease was diagnosed, no metastases were detected. Prior to the diagnosis, the patient experienced a uterine adenocarcinoma that had been treated by surgical procedure and radiotherapy. For the LMS, a total thyroidectomy was performed,followed by radiotherapy. Since metastases were also discovered in the lungs,sternum, and femur, chemotherapy was administered as well.Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in the thyroid indicated positively for alpha smooth muscle actin, calponin, and H-caldesmon, but were negative for CD34, p63, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Epstein-Barr virus.CONCLUSION Although the etiology of the LMS is as of yet unknown, prior malignancy and radiation should be considered as risk factors.     

原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤1例

患者女,55岁,间歇性右上腹疼半年。体检腹软,未触及包块。实验室检查未见异常。超声诊断:下腔静脉实性占位。CT检查:肝门至肾门水平下腔静脉走行区见一不规则形软组织密度肿块,边缘略呈分叶状,大小约9.0cm×4.5cm×4.5cm(图1),增强扫描呈不均匀强化,下腔静脉管腔增粗,胰头受压移位(图2)。CT诊断:下腔静脉占位性病变,平滑肌肉瘤可能性大。MR下腔静脉及门静脉成像:下腔静脉平肾门至第二肝门水平明显扩张,最宽处直径约4.5cm,其内见大小约9.0cm×4.5cm×4.5cm略长T2信号,增强扫描呈不均匀异常强化,门静脉主干及其分支未见异常(图3)。MR诊断:…     

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in mediastinal leiomyosarcoma mimicking aortic hematoma: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUNDPrimary mediastinal leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma around the thoracic and abdominal aorta, mimicking an aortic hematoma, and discuss the diagnostic value of ultrasound. CASE SUMMARYA 63-year-old female was hospitalized for abdominal pain. Initial computed tomography angiography revealed an enhanced mass around the lower thoracic and upper abdominal aorta. Aortic hematoma was strongly suspected, and stents were placed by interventional surgery. About 1 mo postoperatively, the patient was re-hospitalized because of progressive abdominal pain. Ultrasound showed that the mass had a heterogeneous echo. In contrast-enhanced ultrasound, the hyperechoic regions were filled with contrast medium after the aortic region was, indicating that the blood supply was abundant but had no direct connection with the aorta. There was no obvious contrast medium-filling in the hypoechoic area. These findings were similar to those of malignant tumors with liquefaction and necrosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography confirmed that the mass had a high metabolic signal similar to that of a malignant tumor. Leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by postoperative pathology. CONCLUSIONSymptoms of mediastinal leiomyosarcoma surrounding the aorta may mimic aortic hematoma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can provide valuable and unique diagnostic clues.     

原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤1例

患者男,66岁,右上腹部阵发性疼痛1年,伴有腰部放射痛.查体:右上腹轻度压痛,无肌紧张及反跳痛,未触及包块,腹部移动性浊音阴性,无腹壁静脉曲张,无下肢肿胀.实验室检查未见明显异常.CT:平扫约平肾门水平下腔静脉及其周围见团块样软组织密度影,约7.8 cm×6.2 cm×10.3 cm,CT值29～40 HU,与下腔静脉、十二指肠水平段及邻近腹主动脉分界欠清(图1A);增强扫描见下腔静脉限局性增粗,长约8.6 cm,局部可见7.5cm×5.6 cm软组织密度肿块影向腔内及腔外生长,实质明显不均匀强化,液化坏死部分末见强化;病变包绕部分腹主动脉,与右肾、右肾动脉、右侧输尿管、右侧腰大肌分界清楚,与十二指肠水平段紧邻(图1B、C),其远侧下腔静脉对比剂充盈欠佳.诊断为下腔静脉恶性肿瘤,行下腔静脉肿瘤切除+右侧肾脏切除术.术后病理诊断:下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤(图2).免疫组化:Des(+),Ki-67(20十),SMA(+),Caldesmon(+),CD117(-).     

骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤8例临床病理、免疫组化研究及文献复习

目的 探讨骨平滑肌肉瘤的临床病理、组织学类型以及各种免疫组化的表达。方法 对8例骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤的临床、组织病理和免疫组化结果进行分析,结果 患者的发病年龄28-67岁,平均44岁,病变部位多见于下肢长骨的干骺端,尤其是膝关节附近,骨平滑肌肉瘤的组织分型多为普通型,其次为多形性及上皮样型;8例有瘤均表达viment、SMA,3例表达desmin、S-100,1例vytokeratin异型表达,随访结果5例无瘤生存,2例转移,1例死于肿瘤复发和转移,结论 骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤比较少见,其组织发生可能来自血管中层平滑肌细胞,诊断主要依靠免疫组化及电镜。     

儿童巨大腔外型胃平滑肌肉瘤1例

患儿女,9岁10个月,面色苍白16月余,加重伴乏力3个月;10个月前出现中上腹明显腹痛,持续数十分钟自行缓解,外院诊断为营养性缺铁性贫血,经输血治疗后贫血有所改善.3个月前上述症状加重并出现黑便2次.入院超声检查;右中上腹实质性肿块,位于肝左叶内侧及胰腺前方,其内血供丰富,肝脏略大,实质回声不均质,肝左叶内散在分布低回声结节.     

食管贲门失弛缓症食管下段扩张1例

患者男，30岁。1h前在家中突然晕厥，急诊入院。心脏超声检查：左室长轴切面于左房后方（图1）。心尖四腔心切面于左房左侧见强回声团块（图2）。内为多个强回声光斑，边界清晰，上述团块致左房明显受压，变形，内径减小。主动脉内径正常，跨瓣速度正常。     

食管贲门失弛缓症食管下段扩张1例

患者男,30岁。1h前在家中突然晕厥,急诊入院。心脏超声检查:左室长轴切面于左房后方(图1),心尖四腔心切面于左房左侧见强回声团块(图2),内为多个强回声光斑,边界清晰,上述团块致左房明显受压,变形,内径减小。主动脉内径正常,跨瓣速度正常。余心内结构及血流未见异常。超声提示:心内结构及血流未见异常。左房受压,考虑纵隔实性肿块所致。随访临床资料,血液生化提示低血糖;胃镜示食管贲门失弛缓症,食管下段高度扩张,大量食物滞留。由临床资料分析结果为食管贲门失弛缓症大量食物滞留致低血糖而晕厥,并非心源性(主要指主动脉搏出功能)晕厥。超…     

原发性额骨平滑肌肉瘤一例并文献复习

患者男,47岁,2个多月前无明显诱因出现间歇性头痛、头晕,无规律,无恶心、呕吐,无四肢乏力及抽搐.外院CT检查提示:前额骨肿瘤性病变,偏恶性可能性大.为进一步治疗,2020年9月28日于我院就诊,门诊以"颅骨肿瘤"收治入院.自发病以来,患者精神、体力、食欲及睡眠情况良好,体重无明显变化,大小便正常.查体未见明显异常.实验室检查未见确切异常.既往有"尘肺"病史十余年.     

肺原发性平滑肌肉瘤(附2例报告及文献复习)

肺原发性平滑肌肉瘤是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤.本文分析了国内报告的31例和2例新病例.33例中男性20例,女性13例,年龄10～59岁.主要临床症状有咳嗽(21/29).咯血(17/29)、咳痰(16/29).X线表现为团块型23/28例,肺不张型3例.7例进行支气管镜检查中有5例在支气管腔内发现新生物.肿瘤直径在1.5～20.0cm之间.切面呈灰色,瘤组织大多较硬.作者结合文献对本病的诊断和治疗进行了讨论.     

Fatal pancreatitis secondary to iatrogenic intramural duodenal hematoma: A case report and review of the literature

Intramural duodenal hematoma (IDH) is a rare finding in the adult, especially when related to iatrogenic complications of ulcer treatment. It can lead to biliary obstruction and pancreatitis, which proved fatal in our case. Contrastenhanced computed tomography (CT) is invaluable in detecting the abnormality and can definitely be diagnostic.     

Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma — Unusual sites: Esophagus,colon and porta hepatis

This paper is based on a retrospective analysis of the radiologic findings of 6 newly proven cases of primary gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas located in unusual sites. The radiographic and angiographic features of esophageal, colonic, and porta hepatis leiomyosarcomas are described and illustrated. General background information together with a brief review of the literature regarding these lesions are provided. The difficulties encountered in the preoperative diagnosis are explained by the protean and nonspecific clinical and radiographic features of many of these tumors. In addition, although myomatous tumors of the liver and porta hepatis are angiographically hypervascular, similar tumors of the colon are slight to moderately vascular, and tumors of the esophagus are avascular.     

Venous invasion in renal vein leiomyosarcoma: case report and review of the literature

Tumors arising from veins are rare, usually present with nonspecific clinical and imaging findings and almost universally show histology of leiomyosarcoma. This twentieth reported case of primary renal vein leiomyosarcoma demonstrates invasion of the renal vein with endoluminal propagation of tumor into the infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), an unreported manifestation. The combination of CT, ultrasound, and angiographic studies allowed differentiation from renal cell carcinoma by suggesting a tumor arising from the renal vein.     

食管腔内下咽起源巨大脂肪肉瘤1例

患者男,56岁。3年前出现进食哽咽感,6个月前症状加重并常伴胸骨后疼痛。本院食管造影示：食管全程巨大充盈缺损,边缘较光滑。钡剂位于肿瘤与食管壁之间、或在分叶状肿瘤表面呈瀑布样流过即显示为涂抹征。食管壁尚规则、柔软,未见明确黏膜破坏征象,钡剂通过无明显受阻,考虑为壁在性病变（图1）。     

“Discphagia”: A case report

An anterior herniated intervertebral disc at the low cervical level caused dysphagia and an extrinsic impression on the esophagus seen on barium swallow. This entity should be added to the differential diagnosis of extrinsic esophageal defects.     

骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤

目的 了解骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 对４例骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤进行临床和病理（ＨＥ染色、免疫组织化学染色和电镜）资料观察。结果 骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤可发生在任何年龄,以中老年患者低密度影,组织学特征在免疫组织化学标记表达和电镜下改变同软组织平滑肌肉瘤,可有肿瘤组织边缘的骨化,肿瘤组织内可见破骨细胞。多数病例有车辐状结构的区域。结论 骨原发性平滑肌肉瘤和软组织平滑肌肉瘤相比,组织学上并无特殊,但诊断却较困难。常需要免疫组织化学标记和电镜的帮助方能确诊。     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the middle ureter: A rare case report with literature review

Leiomyosarcoma is a rarely seen neoplasm of the ureter. Malignant tumors of smooth muscle of the ureter are extremely rare, and about 22 cases of leiomyosarcoma of ureter have been reported to date. A 57‐year‐old diabetic Pakistani man presented with a dull ache pain in the right flank. Past surgical history was three ureteroscopic surgeries for a ureteric stricture. Computed tomography showed a stricture with a peri‐ureteral soft tissue mass of 11 mm x 5 mm at the middle third of the ureter at the level of common iliac vessels. laparoscopic excision with safety margin and right ureterovesical reimplantation is performed. Diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the right ureter was made, and one iliac lymph node was excised and was positive for tumor by pathologic examination. Although leiomyosarcoma is rarely seen in urinary tract, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ureteral stricture disease and retroperitoneal tumors.     

Rectal diverticulosis: A case report and review of the literature

The occurrence of rectal diverticulosis is rare. We report the incidental finding of a large rectal diverticulum in a patient receiving an air-contrast barium enema. The presence of uncomplicated rectal diverticulosis is probably of little clinical significance. However, there can be associated complications such as inflammation and perforation, and potential confusion with rectal carcinoma.