改良注水单人结肠镜检查术的临床应用

目的探讨改良注水单人结肠镜检查术的临床应用效果。方法随机选择2016年6月-2017年6月在该院接受单人结肠镜检查的70例患者作为研究对象,将患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各35人。研究组采用改良注水单人结肠镜检查法,对照组采用注气单人结肠镜检查法。记录两组进镜达回盲部成功率、平均到达回盲部时间和并发症发生率;以视觉模拟量评分法(VAS)评估两组患者的腹痛和腹胀程度。结果两组患者进镜达回盲部成功率和并发症发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。研究组平均达回盲部时间较对照组减少[(4.86±1.66)vs(6.45±2.34)min,P0.05]。研究组腹痛VAS评分明显低于对照组[(2.71±1.05)vs(3.31±1.13)分,P0.05],研究组腹胀VAS评分明显低于对照组[(3.31±1.05)vs(3.97±1.10)分,P0.05]。结论改良注水单人结肠镜检查术可有效提高患者的舒适度,是一种快速、安全的结肠镜检查技术。     

注水结肠镜检查在慢性腹痛患儿诊治中的临床价值

目的 探讨注水结肠镜检查在慢性腹痛患儿诊治中的临床价值。方法 前瞻性选择连云港市第一人民医院2018年3月至2019年7月100例慢性腹痛患儿为研究对象,利用随机数字法将其分成注水组和注气组,每组各50例。注气组使用注气法结肠镜检查,注水组在注气组基础上采用注水辅助结肠镜检查。比较两组患儿临床指标(进镜时间、退镜时间、进镜长度、操作总时间)和检出率;对比两组患儿治疗前后视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)、波士顿肠道准备量表(BBPS)评分、肠道应激指标[皮质醇(Cor)、血管紧张素-Ⅱ(AngⅡ)]及炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]水平差异,并统计两组患儿并发症发生情况。结果 注水组患儿进镜时间显著低于注气组[(6. 23±2. 11) min vs.(7. 29±2. 09) min],差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。注水组退镜时间、进镜长度和操作总时间与注气组比较[(5. 34±1. 24) min vs.(5. 37±1. 21) min、(68. 31±4. 36) cm vs.(68. 33±4. 41) cm、(24. 17±5. 30) min vs.(23. 45±5. 43) min],差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。注水组检出率92. 00%与注气组88. 00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组治疗后VAS均较治疗前显著下降,BBPS评分显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);注水组治疗后VAS评分显著低于注气组[(1. 24±0. 36)分vs.(1. 47±0. 33)分],BBPS评分显著高于注气组[(7. 47±1. 07)分vs.(7. 01±0. 93)分],差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组治疗后Cor、AngⅡ显著高于治疗前,TNF-α、CRP和IL-6显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);注水组治疗后Cor、AngⅡ、TNF-α、CRP和IL-6水平低于注气组[(216. 14±13. 36)μg/L vs.(221. 94±14. 03)μg/L、(247. 66±15. 42)μg/L vs.(256. 87±15. 51)μg/L、(16. 35±3. 47)ng/L vs.(18. 03±3. 51) ng/L、(41. 16±3. 27) mg/L vs.(43. 33±3. 52) mg/L、(0. 21±0. 09) pg/L vs.(0. 25±0. 08) pg/L],差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。注水组并发症总发生率10. 00%与注气组6. 00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 注水结肠镜诊治慢性腹痛患儿,有着较好的检出率,可减轻疼痛程度,降低肠道应激和炎症水平,安全性较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

注水肠镜改善退镜时肠道清洁度的随机对照研究

目的采用随机对照试验,比较注水肠镜与传统注气肠镜退镜时的肠道清洁度,探讨注水肠镜的优势。方法选择行非麻醉肠镜检查患者222例,随机分为注水肠镜组(A组)112例和注气肠镜组(B组)110例,比较退镜时肠道清洁度评分与退镜-进镜评分,同时对比患者疼痛评分、肠镜达盲肠时间、插镜深度、全结肠检查率、结直肠腺瘤检出率、操作者主观难易度及检查相关并发症等多项指标。结果 A组退镜清洁度评分明显高于B组[M(8)/IQR(1)vs M(8)/IQR(2),P=0.000],A组退镜-进镜清洁度评分明显高于B组[(0.53±0.74)vs(0.23±0.55),P=0.000],并且A组患者腺瘤检出率(ADR)高于B组(36.61%vs23.64%,P=0.041),A组患者术中腹痛评分明显低于B组[M(2)/IQR(1)vs M(4)/IQR(2),P=0.000];A组操作者主观评价明显优于B组[M(1)/IQR(1)vs M(2)/IQR(1),P=0.005],两组患者在达盲时间、插镜深度和全结肠检查率等方面比较,差异无统计学意义。结论注水肠镜显著改善退镜时的肠道清洁度,同时提高ADR,减轻患者不适感,并且不增加达盲时间。     

注水结肠镜对患者疼痛及检查时间的影响

选取于我院消化内镜室接受结肠镜检查的患者282例,随机分为注水组133例和注气组149例,比较两组检查方法进镜时间、进镜深度及腹部疼痛情况。结果注水组进镜时间明显短于注气组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);注水组疼痛程度明显低于注气组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。注水结肠镜可缩短结肠镜检查时间,减少患者痛苦,有较高临床应用价值。     

注水式结肠镜在肠镜检查中的应用体会

目的该研究主要通过对注水式结肠镜与传统注气式结肠镜在肠镜检查中的对比研究,探讨注水式结肠镜的应用体会。方法通过纳入该院内镜中心2014年10月-2015年4月肠镜检查患者,随机分为水置换组、单纯注水组和空气组,主要观察指标为患者腹痛程度及需要麻醉的比例,次要观察指标为盲肠插管成功率、进镜时间、息肉检出率。结果 1共入组肠镜检查者442例,其中水置换组145例,单纯注水组147例,空气组150例,组间一般临床资料差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2水置换组、单纯注水组腹痛评分及麻醉需求比例均明显低于空气组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3水置换组、单纯注水组进镜时间、总时间明显高于空气组,肠镜辅助操作明显低于空气组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),3组间Boston评分、插管成功率和息肉检出率等差异无统计学意义(P0.05);4肠镜操作方法是影响患者麻醉需求的独立相关危险因素(P0.05)。结论注水肠镜可在不影响插管成功率与息肉检出率的同时,能减少患者腹痛,降低麻醉需求,值得临床推广应用。     

温水灌注法在困难结肠镜检查中的应用研究

目的研究温水灌注法对困难结肠镜检查中的成功率、插镜时间、操作难易度及患者耐受度等方面的影响。方法非麻醉结肠镜检查的排便困难、肠易激综合征(IBS)和既往有盆腔/腹部手术史患者200例,随机分为温水灌注组(实验组)和传统注气法组(对照组),比较两组患者插镜成功率、插镜时间及患者耐受程度等方面的差异。结果 200例患者完成实验,均未发生肠穿孔等并发症。实验组的全结肠检查成功率、达盲时间、操作者满意度和再检意愿均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。在腹部按压和体位变换使用率、腹痛评分方面,实验组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组息肉检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论温水灌注肠镜能有效提高困难肠镜的患者耐受度、加快插管进程,提高工作效率,是一种理想的进镜法,值得推广。     

安装透明帽并二氧化碳气体注入对结肠镜检查进镜速度及结肠息肉检出率的影响

目的观察并探讨肠镜前端安装透明帽联合二氧化碳CO2气体注入对结肠镜检查进镜速度及镜下息肉检出率的影响。方法将2014年1月-2016年6月拟行结肠镜检查的216例患者据随机数字表分为A、B、C 3组,每组72例,A组患者肠镜前端安装透明帽而后行结肠镜检查,B组检查前肠镜不安装透明帽,进镜前肠管内注入CO2气体,C组联合采用上述两种方法而后再行肠镜检查,比较3组患者检查过程中进镜速度及息肉检出率差异。结果 A、B、C 3组受检者肠镜达到回盲部比例差异无统计学意义(95.8%vs 90.3%vs 98.6%)(χ2=5.34,P=0.069);到达回盲部平均时间C组A组B组[(7.14±1.12)vs(8.75±1.33)vs(9.03±1.57)min,F=3.75,P=0.025]。3组总体息肉检出率C组A组B组(38.9%vs 34.7%vs 23.6%)(χ2=4.10,P=0.129),A、B、C 3组微小结肠息肉检出率(30.6%vs 18.1%vs 36.1%)及右半结肠息肉检出率(20.8%vs 8.3%vs 23.6%)差异均有统计学意义(χ2=6.08,P=0.048;χ2=6.58,P=0.037)。患者撤镜后10 min[(4.35±0.62)vs(4.88±0.85)vs(5.57±1.05)]和30 min[(3.04±0.37)vs(3.30±0.56)vs(4.41±0.84)]VAS评分C组B组A组(F=4.85,P=0.009;F=3.26,P=0.040)。结论结肠镜检查时镜端安置透明帽联合CO2注入可显著提高结肠镜进镜速度与结肠息肉检出率,对微小结肠息肉及右半结肠息肉的检出更具优势。     

透明帽辅助单人结肠镜检查在结肠镜检查困难患者中的临床应用

目的探讨透明帽辅助单人结肠镜检查在结肠镜检查困难患者中的临床应用。方法对有便秘或腹部手术史的行结肠镜检查的388例患者,按照入组顺序分为奇数组及偶数组,奇数组采用常规单人结肠镜检查法,偶数组采用透明帽辅助单人结肠镜检查法。比较2种检查方法的成功率、平均到达回盲部时间、进入回肠末端成功率及时间、息肉检出率、平均疼痛评分及并发症情况。结果透明帽辅助结肠镜检查法操作成功率较高、平均到达回盲部时间、进入回肠末端时间少于常规结肠镜检查法,结果分别为(91%vs.79%,P=0.001)、[(7.4±1.8)min vs.(10.7±2.5)min,P=0.01]、[(15.2±4.0)s vs.(26.3±7.3)s,P=0.001],但2组进入回肠末端成功率比较差异无统计学意义(92%vs.90%,P=0.43);平均疼痛评分透明帽辅助组为(4.4±0.8)分,常规检查组为(5.8±1.3)分,比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.02)。2组息肉检出率比较有差别,透明帽辅助组高于常规组(50%vs.31%,P=0.001),2组均未出现严重并发症。结论对有便秘或腹部手术史的患者,透明帽辅助结肠镜操作法安全、有效,对患者造成痛苦更小。     

注水式结肠镜在肠镜检查的应用价值研究

目的 探讨注水式结肠镜在肠镜检查中的应用效果。方法 选择2020年6月～2020年12月在我院接受肠镜检查的患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组采用传统气式结肠镜检查,观察组采用注水式结肠镜检查,对比两组进镜时间、退镜时间,检查后疼痛程度及检查中辅助操作使用情况。结果 观察组进镜时间、退镜时间均长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);检查后,观察组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分较低于照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组检查中辅助操作使用率对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 肠镜检查中应用注水式结肠镜,可有效减轻患者疼痛程度,但会延长检查时进镜、退镜时间。     

结肠镜检查不同操作法的临床应用与评价

目的评价结肠镜检查不同操作法的有效性及安全性。方法对开滦总医院2011年8月-2014年5月结肠镜检查2 810例患者分别应用单人操作法(A组)1 015例、单双人结合操作法(B组)959例与双人操作法(C组)836例进行检查,对3种不同操作法检查成功率、进镜深度、进镜时间及患者腹痛程度进行临床评价。结果到达回盲部成功率及进镜时间3组差异无显著性(P0.05)。A组及B组进镜深度短于C组(P0.01),B组与A组比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。A组及B组在检查中的腹痛程度视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分明显优于C组(P0.01)。3组患者均未出现严重并发症。结论 A组、B组比C组易保持直线化,从而达到减少患者痛苦。提示单双人结合操作法与单人操作法一样也是一种有效、安全的操作方法,且可减少检查医师体力消耗。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.