两种扁桃体切除方法的临床观察

目的比较两种不同扁桃体切除及止血方法的优缺点。方法将诊治的90例扁桃体切除术患者随机分为等离子手术组（A组）和传统手术组（B组）,每组各45例,所有手术均由同一术者完成。等离子手术组用低温等离子法切除扁桃体并止血;传统手术组则采用常规扁桃体剥离并用双极电凝止血。记录切除双侧扁桃体所需时间和出血量;术后第1天起每日记录患者咽部疼痛评分情况,连续10 d;术后第10天观察并记录扁桃体窝内的白膜状况。结果A、B两组手术总时间分别为（18.0±1.6）min、（43.5±3.4）min,术中总出血量分别为（9.3±1.3）ml、（53.8±5.5）ml,两组间差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者术后1周内疼痛指数差异比较具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,1周后疼痛指数比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;A、B两组术后出血发生病例数分别为3例、4例,出血发生率比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后比较,A、B两组白膜与扁桃体窝面积比分别为（43.8±6.6）%、（40.5±5.1）%,两组之间差异无统计学意义,但等离子组白膜较为清洁。结论与传统扁桃体剥离法比较,低温等离子法切除扁桃体具有手术损伤小、术中出血少、术后疼痛轻、恢复好等优点,可作为扁桃体切除手术的首选。     

低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术在儿童手术中的对比研究

目的：比较低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术对患儿术中、术后的影响。方法：92例患儿,随机分为等离子组和对照组,等离子组用低温等离子射频消融系统连接EVac70T＆A刀头,能量设置为7,消融扁桃体;对照组则采用常规扁桃体剥离术,分别记录2种方法所需时间和出血量;使用Wong—Baker FACES疼痛评分表记录术后第1天至第10天患儿每日咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常饮食和正常活动时间;记录术后并发症。结果：等离子组手术时间比对照组短（分别为10．2min和36．5min,P〈0．01）,等离子组术中平均出血量为（6．83±3．36）ml,而对照组为（30．07±7．04）ml;等离子组患儿术后第1、2、3天疼痛轻于对照组,第4～10天两组差异无统计学意义;等离子组比对照组更早恢复正常饮食,但恢复正常活动时间相似。对照组有1例患儿于术后第6天口咽部有活动性出血,需缝扎止血。结论：低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术相比,手术时间缩短,出血量极少,手术方法容易掌握,恢复正常饮食时间早,术后前3天疼痛较轻。     

Rhino凝胶止血材料用于鼻腔填塞的临床观察

目的：探讨Rhino凝胶止血材料在鼻腔、鼻窦术后及严重鼻出血的临床应用价值。方法：对传统的凡士林纱条和新型的凝胶止血材料进行鼻腔填塞的2组病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并对2种填塞方法在填塞期和抽取时患者的鼻腔疼痛和（或）头痛，控制出血的有效性和抽取填塞物的难易程度进行比较。结果：Rhino组在填塞期和抽取时患者鼻腔疼痛和（或）头痛比凡士林组轻（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。填塞期24h出血量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但在抽取时出血量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），抽取填塞物时，Rhino组比凡士林纱条组容易（P〈0．01）。结论：Rhino具有药物止血和压迫止血双重功能，是一种理想的鼻腔填塞物。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜术后无鼻腔填塞的临床分析

目的探讨在局麻下鼻内镜术后有与无填塞的优缺点。方法106例I、Ⅱ型慢性鼻窦炎患者行鼻内镜术后,A组（电凝止血组）52例和B组（肾上腺素棉片止血组）54例未行鼻腔填塞,对照组46例行凡士林纱条填塞。结果不填塞组104例术后无严重出血,B组2例渗血较多,需要补充填塞,与对照组术后渗血量比较差异无统计学意义;术后渗血时间A组（210．12±12．45）min,B组（298．23±30．34）min,对照组（366．22±40．12）min,各组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后疼痛评分A组（1．81±0．39）min,B组（1．85±0．52）min,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,对照组（3．76±0．41）min,与A、B两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论局麻下对I、Ⅱ型慢性鼻窦炎行鼻内镜手术后应用电凝和肾上腺素棉片止血,可以减少鼻腔填塞造成的术后不适。     

扁桃体术后出血的原因分析

目的：探讨扁桃体术后出血的常见原因,并提出相应的预防措施。方法：选取扁桃体切除术患者1192例,根据其是否发生术后出血分为两组,对两组患者的基本资料和治疗情况进行统计学分析。结果：扁桃体术后出血者中成年、男性患者,合并高血压、肝脏疾病,术前长期服用阿司匹林,术前长期使用肾上腺皮质激素,局部麻醉,术中采取纱球压迫止血,术后剧烈咳嗽,不合理进食,以及围手术期存在焦虑情绪的患者所占比例明显高于未发生出血者,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。而患者是否合并糖尿病对其术后出血影响不大（P〉0．05）。经Logistic回归分析,焦虑,合并高血压、肝脏疾病,使用纱球压迫止血,术后剧烈咳嗽以及不合理饮食都是患者发生扁桃体出血的原因（P〈0．05）。结论：扁桃体术后出血与多方面的因素密切相关,在临床工作中应给予针对性的预防。     

等离子扁桃体切除术与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术之比较

目的:比较等离子扁桃体切除术与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术对患者术中、术后的影响。方法:随机将56例患者分为等离子组和对照组,等离子组用低温等离子射频消融系统连接EVac70刀头,能量设置为6,切除扁桃体;对照组则采用常规剥离法扁桃体切除术,手术均由同一术者完成。记录两侧扁桃体切除所需时间和出血量;术后第1天至第10天患者每日记录咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常活动时间和正常饮食时间;术后第10天,医师观察并记录扁桃体窝内的白膜状况。结果:等离子组手术时间比对照组短,术中总出血量<10ml,而对照组平均出血量为(119±43)ml;等离子组患者术后疼痛轻于对照组,且比对照组更早恢复正常饮食;2组患者恢复正常活动时间的差异无统计学意义;等离子组较对照组白膜脱落慢。等离子组有1例患者于术后第7天口咽部有活动性出血,需缝扎止血。结论:等离子扁桃体切除术与剥离法相比,患者术后疼痛明显减轻,出血量极少,手术方法容易掌握,但扁桃体窝愈合的时间较长。     

自制药物冰块对扁桃体切除术后早期止痛的临床观察

目的：寻找一种扁桃体切除术后早期止痛的有效方法。方法：60例扁桃体切除术后成年人（平均年龄24．5岁）随机分为两组，实验组和对照组。实验组病人术后含化由10％葡萄糖注射液250ml、去痛片0．5g、云南白药胶囊1粒和浓薄荷水混匀冷冻而成的药物冰块，对照组含化由10％葡萄糖注射液冷冻制成的冰块。记录最痛出现时间、最痛持续时间及术后在最痛时间内张口疼痛、吞咽疼痛和耳痛的得分等。数据用SSPS10．0统计软件进行分析。结果：实验组最痛出现时间晚于对照组（P＜0．01），张口疼痛和吞咽疼痛程度也比对照组轻（P＜0．05）。结论：自制药物冰块能推迟扁桃体术后最痛高峰出现时间，减轻术后的张口疼痛和吞咽疼痛。药物冰块配置简单，安全无副作用，口含给药病人易接受，是扁桃体术后止痛的一种有效方法。     

用布比卡因控制成人扁桃体切除术后早期疼痛

扁桃体切除术后继发早期术后疼痛仍然是影响迅速恢复的障碍。儿童扁桃体切除术后用布比卡因和安慰剂控制早期疼痛，已做过研究并无明显差异。1989年6月～1990年10月在51例成人中做相似的研究。男，24入，女，27人。随机分成布比卡因组（26人），安慰剂组（25人）。按常规切除扁桃体后，于扁桃体上、下窝注射1．8ml，O5％布比卡因（布比卡因组）或安慰剂（安慰剂组）。两组患者术后疼痛。进食量、止痛药用量，经X‘方检验设有显著性（P＞O．05），而术后10／J。时，布比卡因组述开口痛者较多。布比卡因用于局部麻醉是安全的，而控制扁桃体…     

应用双黄连粉针剂预防扁桃体术后感染的临床观察

近两年来，我们应用双黄连粉针剂静脉滴注预防扁桃体术后感染，并与抗生素治疗组对照，现报告如下。对象与方法1一般资料：观察组225例，其中男性98例，女性127例；年龄6～58岁，平均24.2±8．2岁。对照组115例中，男性49例，女性66例，年龄6～42岁，平均23．6±6．7岁，两组男女性别冽数和年龄的差异没有显著性（P＞0．05）。全部病例均为我科门诊或住院病人，确诊为慢性扁桃体炎，手术指征明确，无明显手术禁忌症、在表麻或局麻下行扁桃体挤切或剥离术。2治疗方法：根据患者年龄大小，观察组病例予以哈尔滨中药一厂生产的双黄连粉针剂1．…     

超声刀在扁桃体手术中的应用

扁桃体切除术后出血率为0．98％～5．50％。部分患者术后止血困难，导致失血过多，甚至危及生命。疼痛影响患者进食、饮水，约2周时间才能完全恢复。因此临床上一直探讨何种术式能更好减少术中、术后出血，减轻患者术后的疼痛，使创面尽早恢复。目前超声刀已广泛应用于外科手术，我们自2006年末开始观察超声刀扁桃体切除术对患者术中、术后的影响，并与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术进行比较。     

低温等离子刀对比双极电凝镊在扁桃体切除术中治疗效果观察

目的分析变应性鼻炎(AR)患者接受鼻腔冲洗治疗的临床疗效。方法将2019年6月~2020年8月作为研究时间段,选取期间我院接诊的78例AR患者,另将随机数字表法作为分组依据,将全部病例分为对照组(行常规治疗,纳入39例)、研究组(加用鼻腔冲洗治疗,纳入39例),对组间气道反应性、症状消失时间展开分析。结果(1)组间气道反应性指标在治疗前无明显差异,P>0.05;研究组共振频率(Fres)、中心气道阻力(R20)、气道总阻力(R5)在治疗后低于对照组,P<0.05;(2)研究组鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、鼻痒消失时间均少于对照组,P<0.05。结论鼻腔冲洗对改善AR患者气道反应、临床症状均有明显效果,值得推广。     

Tonsillectomy: cold dissection versus bipolar electrodissection

OBJECTIVES: to compare the technique and post-operative morbidity of two different tonsillectomy methods: cold dissection and bipolar electrodissection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective study including children (3> age <14) undergoing tonsillectomy in ORL Department of the main hospital in Azores, Portugal, from September 2000 to March 2001. Patients alternately selected to cold dissection tonsillectomy group (CDT) or bipolar electrodissection tonsillectomy group (BET). Duration of surgery; amount of blood loss; duration of hospitalization; aspect of tonsillar fossa on 10th post-operative day and intensity of pain after surgery were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Sixty tonsillectomies were performed. Blood loss and duration of surgery were significantly decreased in BET group (P<0.001), but the healing process, directly assessed by the aspect of tonsillar fossa on the 10th day was markedly delayed. The intensity of pain was slightly higher in the BET group compared with the CDT group, and no difference on duration of hospitalization was found between the two groups. Two post-operative hemorrhages occurred (one in each group), and no major complications were registered. CONCLUSIONS: BET reduces the duration of surgery and amount of blood loss when compared with cold dissection, but post-operative morbidity is increased. We believe the best patient indication for this method are small children where total circulating blood volume is reduced and patients with bleeding disorders.     

Tonsillektomie mit dem ultraschallaktivierten Skalpell Erste Ergebnisse zur Technik mit dem Ultracision Harmonic Scalpel®

BACKGROUND: Tonsillectomy requires an efficient intra- and postoperative hemostasis. The ultrasonically activated scalpel (UAS) uses high-frequency ultrasonic energy to perform tissue dissection and coagulation simultaneously. The present prospective study represents the first published results of UAS in tonsillectomy. METHOD: 60 patients with tonsillectomy were examined in regard of intra- and postoperative hemostasis, wound healing and postoperative pain. Also, the quality of the histopathological specimen was evaluated. RESULTS: In 90% of tonsillectomies by UAS efficient intraoperative hemostasis did not require suture ligature. In 10% additional ligation was required for reason of arterial bleeding. Postoperative bleeding did not occur at all, wound healing was uneventful. Surgery related postoperative pain was not intensified. The histopathological evaluation of specimen was not impaired. CONCLUSION: The UAS offers a tissue dissection with efficacious intra- and postoperative hemostasis. Compared to the conventional tonsillectomy the ultrasonical technique of tonsillectomy has especially in children, in anaemic patients and in the surgery of tonsillar malignomas significant advantages.     

Coblation tonsillectomy: is it inherently bloody?

The aim of the study was to compare a single surgeon’s post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage rates using cold steel dissection and coblation tonsillectomy techniques. Retrospective study on patients, who underwent tonsillectomy at West Wales General Hospital (WWGH) performed by a single surgeon from 2006 to 2010 employing both cold steel and coblation tonsillectomies. Data were analysed using Mann–Whitney and Chi-squared tests. The nominated surgeon performed 239 tonsillectomies at WWGH from 2006 to 2010. 119 patients underwent cold steel dissection and 120 had coblation tonsillectomy. There was no demographic difference between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups (median 1 day in each group). 6/119 (5.0%) patients in the cold steel group, and 7/120 (5.8%) in the coblation group had post-operative bleeding (p = 1.00). The return to theatre rate for cold steel dissection was 1/119 (0.84%) and for coblation surgery was 1/120 (0.83%) (p = 1.00). Among the first 60 cases of coblation tonsillectomies, 4 patients (6.6%) had post-operative haemorrhage and the latter 60 cases had 3 patients (5%). There was no evidence of a difference in the overall post-operative bleeding between those who had cold steel dissection and coblation tonsillectomies. These data suggest that higher post-operative haemorrhage is not inherent to coblation tonsillectomy.     

咽腭弓肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术后创面的临床疗效

目的 对扁桃体等离子切除术的术式进行改进,分析咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术创面对术后疗效的改善情况。 方法 对需行扁桃体等离子切除术患者进行随机分组。105例行常规扁桃体等离子切除术(大多数囊内切除),94例在扁桃体等离子切除后制作局部咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体窝创面。对两组患者的术后疼痛、创面反应及出血情况进行分类统计,分析比较应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣修复的临床效果。 结果 在术后第1至第7天,实验组与对照组患者间的疼痛程度、创面反应情况及出血并发症的发生均有差异。实验组不同层次疼痛程度的病例数明显少于对照组,术后创面反应观察中,实验组白膜脱落时间较对照组明显缩短,出血概率明显减低。 结论 应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子切除后创面操作简便,可明显改善患者术后疼痛,促进创面愈合,减少创面术后出血概率。     

Thermal welding versus cold dissection tonsillectomy: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study in adult patients

OBJECTIVES: We performed a single-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study to compare the rates of postoperative morbidity in adults undergoing thermal welding tonsillectomy versus cold dissection tonsillectomy. METHODS: Thirty-two adults with recurrent tonsillitis who were scheduled for elective tonsillectomy were randomized to either thermal welding or cold dissection tonsillectomy groups. The main outcome measures included intraoperative blood loss, intensity of postoperative pain expressed on a 10-cm visual analog scale (with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing the worst possible pain), day of cessation of significant pain (ie, a pain score of at least 7), and presence of postoperative hemorrhage estimated on a 3-point scale (with 0 representing no bleeding, 1 representing minor bleeding, and 2 representing major bleeding). Additional outcome measures included total analgesic requirements, last day of receipt of analgesics, presence of nausea and/or vomiting, and wound healing after 10 days of surgery. RESULTS: The rate of intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the thermal welding group (p < .0001). Patients who had thermal welding tonsillectomy also showed a general trend toward lower pain scores, and this difference was statistically significant from the first to the fourth postoperative days (p < .05). Cessation of significant pain also occurred 3 days earlier in this group (p < .05). No significant difference was observed regarding pain medication, nausea and/or vomiting, postoperative hemorrhage, or wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal welding tonsillectomy is a relatively safe and reliable method with significantly less postoperative morbidity than cold dissection tonsillectomy.     

Effect of modern fibrin glue on bleeding after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

We performed a prospective randomized study in 179 patients to examine the second-generation surgical fibrin sealant Quixil as an effective substitute for different types of electrocautery in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. We compared the rates of hemorrhagic complications in a group with bipolar or needle point electrocautery and in a group in whom fibrin glue was used to stop intraoperative bleeding and to prevent postoperative bleeding. The operations were performed under general anesthesia in typical fashion with sharp dissection. For the control group, hemostasis was achieved by bipolar or needle point electrocautery. For the fibrin glue group, hemostasis was achieved by spraying Quixil fibrin glue approximately 0.5 mL to each tonsillar fossa and 0.5 mL to the nasopharynx (in adenoidectomy). The results were excellent in all the patients of the fibrin glue group, with complete hemostasis and resolution of the major symptoms. In this group, the intraoperative blood loss averaged 15 mL in tonsillectomy and 9 mL in adenoidectomy. There were no cases of postoperative hemorrhage or any other complications. The electrocautery group required a longer time for healing, and its intraoperative blood loss (tonsillectomy) averaged 29 to 33 mL. The incidence of posttonsillectomy bleeding in this group was 4.35% (4 patients). Three patients (3.26%) had primary hemorrhage (bleeding that occurs within the first 24 hours of surgery), and 1 patient (1.09%) had secondary hemorrhage (bleeding that occurs after the first 24 hours). We conclude that Quixil fibrin glue application to the operative sites in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy provides effective hemostasis and sealing with good systemic and local compatibility. With the help of Quixil, we minimized surgical trauma and achievedabsolute hemostasis at the same time. We found this fibrin glue to be a more convenient and effective hemostatic sealant than bipolar or needle point coagulation.     

鼻腔结构异常矫正对鼻内镜手术效果的影响

目的观察鼻内镜下鼻腔结构矫形对鼻窦联合手术疗效的影响,并探讨其安全性和可行性。方法鼻息肉、鼻窦炎310例（487例）,按照鼻内镜术中是否同期行鼻腔结构矫形分为2组,矫形组139例（223侧）,对照组171例（264例）;术后随访6个月～2年。分析比较2组患者术后疗效及并发症发生情况。结果矫形组患者术中平均出血量为142．5ml,对照组为123．7ml,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;矫形组并发症发生率34．5％、对照组31．6％,P〉0．05。矫形组总有效率97．3％,明显高于对照组的73．1％（P〈0．01）。结论鼻内镜下同期完成鼻腔结构矫形和鼻窦联合手术,能够明显提高鼻窦手术疗效,但不会增加术中出血量及术后并发症,安全性好。     

扁桃体术后出血26例临床分析

目的探讨扁桃体切除术后出血的发生因素及其预防和治疗。方法对本科2005-2012年间扁桃体切除术后并发出血的病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果1013例中,出血26例,出血率2．56％。成人组出血率高于儿童组,其差异具有极显著意义（P〈O．01）。原发性出血22例,继发性出血4例;男17例（17／607）,女9例（9／406）;局麻剥离法2l例（21／470）,局麻挤切法5例（5／543）;小量出血17例,中量出血6例,大量出血3例。出血患者均治愈。结论扁桃体术后出血与患者自身因素、技术操作因素及术后护理等因素有关,强调在于预防。一旦发生,宜视出血的部位、范围、性质及出血量的大小和局部有无感染等因素而采取不同的止血方法,在止血的同时,需注意纠正水和电解质平衡及止血、抗炎治疗。     

Immediate abscess tonsillectomy — a safe procedure?

Objective: Peritonsillar abscess is the most common infection involving deep neck planes to be treated by otolaryngologists with varying management strategies. In some countries, like Japan, immediate tonsillectomy is considered only for selected cases due to the risk of post-operative complications. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding is considered as the major complication following surgery and serves as a landmark for the safety of the operation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if there is an increased risk of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage following immediate tonsillectomy in non-selected patients. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 6329 patients who underwent tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, in St. Anna Hospital, Duisburg, between January 1988 and August 2000 to evaluate the complication rate following 1481 immediate tonsillectomies (group A) compared to 4848 patients who underwent elective tonsillectomy (group B). 56.9% (group A) were male, the youngest patient was 18 months, the oldest 87 years old. Patients of group B were younger in general (mean age: 18.7 vs. 32.9 years), 49.9% were male, between 5 months and 93 years of age. Patients of both groups underwent surgery under general anaesthesia and were observed for 6 days. The incidence of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage in both groups was compared using χ²-test, the age distribution was compared by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Bleeding occurred in 43 patients of group A (2.9%) and 138 patients (2.8%) of group B. Excessive bleeding requiring ligature of the external carotid artery became necessary in one patient of group A (0.13%) and four patients of group B (0.08%). A 42-month-old patient (group B) died due massive haemorrhage at home 6 days after surgery. The latest bleeding occurred 12 (group B) and 13 days (group A) after surgery. Statistical evaluation (Pearson χ²-test P=0.908) shows no significant difference of post-operative bleeding between the compared groups. Post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage occurred with statistical significance (P<0.001) in elder patients after immediate tonsillectomy. Conclusions: We conclude, that immediate tonsillectomy can be recommended as a safe surgical procedure in non-selected patients to evacuate quinsy without an additional risk of bleeding thus making a second hospital stay unnecessary.