单克隆抗体ELISA间接夹心法检测HFRS病人血清IgM和IgG抗体的研究(简报)

肾综合征出血热(HFRS)早期临床症状不典型,因此在病人血清中检出特异性抗体对临床早期诊断和流行病学监测均有重要意义。间接免疫荧光法(IFAT)和免疫酶染色法虽已被广泛应用,但尚存在需用荧光显微镜或判定结果有一定主观性等不足之处。血凝抑制试验主要检出IgG抗体。本文采用抗HFRS病毒单克隆抗体(Mc Ab)和粗纯抗原建立了一种ELISA间接夹心法,以检测HFRS病人血清中IgM和IgG抗体,并与IFAT进行了比较。     

细胞因子及特异性抗体的检测在肾综合征出血热诊断中的意义

探讨检测血清细胞因子及肾综合征出血热(HFRS) 病毒特异性抗体IgM和IgG的含量在HFRS发病机制及诊断中的意义.选择24例HFRS患者及30例健康人血清标本,采用生物素-亲和素-酶免疫技术检测IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α,ELISA方法检测血清HFRS病毒特异性抗体IgM和IgG,并对其进行统计学分析. 结果显示, ELISA法检测HFRS患者抗HFRS病毒IgM和IgG的阳性率分别为75.00 % 和50.00 %,健康对照组的抗体阳性率为零;HFRS患者血清IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α的含量分别为10.88±2.31pg/mL、256.46±102.51pg/mL和45.63±5.32pg/mL,高于健康对照组0.59±0.24pg/mL(P＜0.01)、53.8±19.21 pg/mL(P＜0.01)和5.81±3.58 pg/mL(P＜0.01). 结论 :HFRS患者血清IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α及血清特异性抗体IgM和IgG的含量较健康人明显升高,检测这些指标对该病发病机理、诊断及预后评价有一定意义.     

用酶标Ig交叉反应性单抗作间接ELISA检测肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病毒抗体

<正> 自Tkachenko等和Gavrilovskaya等应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测了HFRS病毒抗体以来,ELISA在HFRS的诊断与血清流行病学调查上的应用得到不断的发展。1986年,柴瑞珍等建立了ELISA抗IgM固相法检测人血清中的IgM抗体,但若用于不同种属血清的检测则需选用不同的固相包被抗体。本文在制备了Ig交叉反应性单抗(McAb)的基础上,制备了可用于人、猪、兔血清IgG检测的酶标McAb,建立了检测人、猪、兔血清中HFRS病毒抗体的ELISA间接法。     

MbAb-ELISA间接夹心法检测HFRS患者血清中血凝抑制抗体的研究

为了防治肾综合征出血热(HFRS)需要建立一种在试管内检测特异的保护性抗体的方法。本文采用抗HFRS病毒血凝素单克隆抗体(McAb)和粗制HFRS病毒血凝素抗原,建立了一种McAb-ELISA间接夹心法。经取代试验,抗体阻断试验都表明有高度特异性。以本法曾检测了63例临床诊断为HFRS患者血清中血凝抑制抗体,同时平行地与血凝抑制试验比     

流式微球载体技术在检测肾综合征出血热患者血清特异性抗体和细胞因子中的应用

目的:建立流式微球载体技术(FMA)检测肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者血清抗HFRS 病毒特异性抗体IgM和IgG及细胞因子含量的新方法.方法:选择28例临床确诊的HFRS患者及20例健康人血清标本,FMA定量检测抗HFRS 病毒IgM和IgG;定量检测细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α.检测结果与ELISA法进行比较.结果:FMA检测HFRS患者抗HFRS病毒IgM和IgG的阳性率分别为92.85%和71.43%,健康对照组的抗体阳性率(假阳性率)为0;HFRS患者血清IL-6和TNF-α的含量分别为(532.62±397.19) ng/L和(392.68±177.68) ng/L,明显高于健康对照组(38.77±20.32)ng/L (P<0.01)和(15.91±6.91) ng/L(P<0.01).ELISA法检测HFRS患者抗HFRS病毒IgM和IgG的阳性率分别为71.43% 和50.00%,健康对照组的抗体阳性率(假阳性率)为0;HFRS患者血清IL-6和TNF-α的含量分别为(256.46±102.51) ng/L和(45.63±5.32) ng/L,高于健康对照组(53.8±19.21) ng/L(P<0.01)和(5.81±3.58) ng/L(P<0.01).结论:建立了FMA法对HFRS患者的特异性抗体和IL-6和TNF-α的检测,其灵敏度明显优于ELISA法,为HFRS的临床诊断和病理机制研究提供了新的方法.     

酶标单克隆抗体检测肾综合征出血热病毒抗原ELISA法的初步研究

本文用辣根过氧物酶标记了肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病毒单克隆抗体,建立了ELISA双单克隆抗体夹心法,对该法在HFRS病毒抗原检测及单克隆抗体特异性分析中的应用作了探讨。结果表明,本法具有良好的特异性和重复性。用本法对Vero—E_6细胞培养上清中的HFRS病毒抗原进行了检测。在正常Vero—E_6细胞感染HFRS病毒后,第8天即出现HFRS病毒3H_4抗原可疑阳性;至第14天可测出抗3H_4的HFRS病毒抗原,阳性率达5/9;第16—18天,阳性率达9/9。抗体特异性分析表明,在所用的8种单克隆抗体中,3H_4、3H_7、3D_(10)三种单克隆抗体具有相同或极为相近的抗体特异性。     

烟台地区肾综合征出血热患者血清抗体检测和汉坦病毒序列测定

目的 了解烟台地区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者血清中IgG、IgM抗体水平，确定引起该地区HFRS流行的汉坦病毒的型别分布。方法 收集临床HFRS急性期和恢复期患者血清；用EMSA检测IgG、IgM抗体；用交叉空斑减少中和试验检测中和抗体；采用Trizol法提取患者血清中HFRS病毒RNA，用套式PCR产物做TA试验，测定核苷酸序列。结果 HFRS患者血清IgM阳性率为82．2％(88／107)，IgG阳性率为85．7％(66／77)。该地区两城市38份HFRS患者血清中，有32份属家鼠型病毒(SE0)感染，另6份未能定型；另一城市16份HFRS患者血清中，有15份属姬鼠型病毒感染，1份未定型。该地区HFRS病毒与SE0的同源性达90％以上。结论 引起烟台地区HFRS流行的汉坦病毒，属于以SE0为主的混合型病毒。     

猪PCV2 ORF2蛋白I-ELISA检测方法的建立及猪场血清抗体检测分析

目的用猪PCV2 ORF2蛋白建立ELISA检测方法 ,有效区分猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2),并进行大规模化样本检测。方法以猪PCV2 ORF2蛋白作为包被抗原,以抗PCV2阳性血清为一抗,羊抗猪酶标物为二抗,通过预试验确定诱导温度、诱导时间、摇动转速、IPTG浓度以及反应板种类等参数,从而建立间接酶联免疫吸附方法(I-ELISA)以检测抗PCV2猪血清抗体滴度。结果采用本研究建立的ELISA方法测定山东省内4个猪场送检的316份猪血清,检出PCV2阳性率处于较高水平,表明猪群携带病毒比例很高。结论本试验建立的间接ELISA检测方法敏感度高、特异性强,可用于临床PCV2血清抗体的检测,为ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制开发奠定了基础,为建立规模化猪场PCV2感染的快速诊断方法提供了科学依据。     

双单克隆抗体ELISA间接夹心法检测HFRS病毒抗原的实验研究

本文建立了检测HFRS病毒抗原的双McAb ELISA间接夹心法。用该法和IFAT分别观察感染细胞培养上清中或细胞中HFRS病毒抗原的动态变化,结果IFAT检出细胞内病毒抗原的高峰在感染后第8天,而FLISA检测感染上清中病毒抗原则在第14天才达高峰。另外,检测179份人工感染HFRS病毒的乳鼠脑、肺组织标本,结果ELISA和IFAT的阳性检出率分别为72.1％和68.2％,前者略高于后者(配对资料X~2检验,P<0.05)。买验结果表明,双McAb ELISA间接夹心法是一种特异、敏感、简便的方法,不仅可用于HFRS病原学研究中检测可溶性抗原,也适用于流行病学调查中检测大量鼠肺标本。     

EB病毒胸腺嘧啶激酶抗体在鼻咽癌血清学诊断中的作用

目的 建立EB病毒感染和鼻咽癌血清学检测的敏感,特异和有效的方法.方法 以EB病毒早期蛋白胸腺嘧啶激酶为检测抗原,建立ELISA和免疫纤维膜条方法,检测血清中的特异性的IgG抗体.结果 用ELISA和诊断条同时检测了401份血清,其中鼻咽癌患者血清127份.两种方法检测鼻咽癌患者血清抗体均阳性,274份门诊患者血清中,55份ELISA和诊断条检测抗体均阳性,3份诊断条方法检测阳性的血清,ELISA检测A值接近临界值.对胸腺嘧啶激酶的抗体阳性率明显地高于早期蛋白P54.结论 以胸腺嘧啶激酶为检测抗原,为鼻咽癌血清学诊断和高危人群的筛查提供更有效的手段.     

McAb ELISA间接夹心法检测HFRS病人血清IgM和IgG抗体的研究

肾综合征出血热(HFRS)早期临床症状不典型,因此在病人血清中检出特异性抗体,特别是IgM抗体对辅助临床诊断有重要意义。此外,HFRS的流行病学监测和病原学研究等都需有敏感、特异、简便而客观的     

Evaluation of Commonly Used Serological Tests for Detection of Coxiella burnetii Antibodies in Well-Defined Acute and Follow-Up Sera

In this study, we compared Coxiella burnetii IgG phase I, IgG phase II, and IgM phase II detection among a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Virion/Serion), an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (Focus Diagnostics), and a complement fixation test (CFT) (Virion/Serion). For this, we used a unique collection of acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 126 patients with acute Q fever diagnosed by positive Coxiella burnetii PCR of blood. We were able to establish a reliable date of onset of disease, since DNA is detectable within 2 weeks after the start of symptoms. In acute samples, at t = 0, IFAT demonstrated IgM phase II antibodies in significantly more sera than did ELISA (31.8% versus 19.7%), although the portion of solitary IgM phase II was equal for IFAT and for ELISA (18.2% and 16.7%, respectively). Twelve months after the diagnosis of acute Q fever, 83.5% and 62.2% of the sera were still positive for IgM phase II with IFAT and ELISA, respectively. At 12 months IFAT IgG phase II showed the slowest decline. Therefore, definitive serological evidence of acute Q fever cannot be based on a single serum sample in areas of epidemicity and should involve measurement of both IgM and IgG antibodies in paired serum. Based on IgG phase II antibody detection in paired samples (at 0 and 3 months) from 62 patients, IFAT confirmed more cases than ELISA and CFT, but the differences were not statically significant (100% for IFAT, 95.2% for ELISA, and 96.8% for CFT). This study demonstrated that the three serological tests are equally effective in diagnosing acute Q fever within 3 months of start of symptoms. In follow-up sera, more IgG antibodies were detected by IFAT than by ELISA or CFT, making IFAT more suitable for prevaccination screening programs.     

用重组汉坦病毒NP、GP检测急性期HFRS患者血清中特异性IgG、IgM、IgA抗体

目的 探讨肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者急性期IgA、IgG、IgM抗体的变化规律。方法 使用套式RT-PCR检测此次病毒感染情况。用杆状病毒表达的汉坦病毒重组核蛋白(rNP)和糖蛋白(rGP)为抗原，使用ELISA方法检测了14例急性期肾综合征出血热患者的6l份系列血清中的IgA、IgG、IgM抗体。结果 14例肾综合征出血热患者中，ll例患者的血清用RT-PCR检出家鼠型汉坦病毒核酸。几乎所有肾综合征出血热患者早期即有IgA、IgM、IgG抗体的迅速升高，抗rNP抗体滴度明显高于rGP。3种抗rNP抗体中早期IgG上升趋势最为显著，IgM与IgA次之，IgM与IgA上升趋势相近，但IgA的滴度明显高于IgM。抗rGP抗体中XgA变化最显著，IgG次之。IgM发病2周内总的变化趋势不明显，但是发病l周内滴度上升趋势明显，而发病第2周内则呈下降趋势。其中l例RT-PCR阳性的患者，早期IgM未测出，IgA的滴度却较高。l例重度患者，抗糖蛋白IgG、IgM和IgA抗体滴度均低于其他患者，且整个急性期一直维持较低水平。结论 肾综合征出血热急性期IgA、IgG、lgM变化具有明显的规律，抗糖蛋白和核蛋白抗体病患规律不同，检测IgM的同时检测IgA，可以提高诊断的准确性。     

检测HFRS患者血清IgM抗体的快速ELISA捕捉法的建立及其与常规法的比较

建立了检测ＨＦＲＳ患者血清ＩｇＭ抗体的快速ＥＬＩＳＡ捕捉法。通过对微板进行预处理，在稀择液中加入一定浓度的ＰＥＧ和ＮａＣｌ，用快速漱洗３次代替３×３ｍｉｎ洗涤，以及适当提高酶标抗体的使用浓度等措施，加快了反应速度，缩短了反应时间，从包被微板至出结果，仅需１００ｍｉｎ。通过对２１４份ＨＦＲＳ患者血清、３３份健康人血清、１９份其他发热患者血清，以及１５份ＲＦ阳性血清的检测，证明该法特异性强、敏感性高、简便快速、便于推广使用。     

Detection of antichlamydial immunoglobulin G and M antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Chlamydia trachomatis causes a wide range of infections in adults and conjunctivitis and pneumonia in neonates. The complement fixation test for chlamydial antibody is broadly reactive, but possesses low sensitivity, whereas the microimmunofluorescence test is highly sensitive, but technically difficult to perform. A simple, rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis. Wells of microtiter plates were coated with Renografin-purified elementary bodies (serotype L2) grown in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells, and serum antibody was detected with peroxidase-labeled goat antihuman IgG and IgM antibody. Of 41 sera tested from patients with lymphogranuloma venereum, pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, or urethritis there was a 90 and 63% correlation of positive results for IgG and IgM, respectively, by microimmunofluorescence and ELISA. Of the positive correlates, ELISA titers were up to 128 times higher than microimmunofluorescence titers for IgG and IgM. The ELISA detected no false-positive results, but missed two positive results for IgG. Both of these sera were reactive against serotypes C and J, suggesting that the ELISA with LGV L2 antigen may not measure antibodies to serotypes within the C serogroup. The IgM ELISA detected 7 negative and 4 positive results not detected by the microimmunofluorescence test. Of four paired sera examined by ELISA, three showed a fourfold rise in IgG antibody titer, and one showed a twofold rise. Further evaluation of this ELISA will be required to determine how useful it will be in seroepidemiological studies and as a diagnostic tool.     

Comparative studies of three serologic methods for the measurement of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies

Antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the sera of patients and normal adult controls were measured by a standard complement fixation (CF) test, a commercial immunofluorescence (IF) test (CROWNTITRE), and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (MYCOPLASMELISA). The findings showed that, in the control sera, 269 of 277 (97%) had negative results for CF antibodies. Of the 320 controls tested by the IF assay, all (100%) had negative results for IgM antibodies and 314 (98%) had negative results for IgG antibodies. Only 6 of the 201 (3%) controls by the ELISA were classified as negative/equivocal. Among the 450 patient sera, 105 (23%) had positive results for CF antibodies, and 158 (35%) had positive results for IgG and/or IgM membrane antibodies by the IF test; 424 of these patients' sera were also tested by the ELISA, and 397 (94%) of them were found to have positive results for anti-M. pneumoniae IgG antibodies. If the CF test were chosen as the standard for comparison, the IF test would have a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 81% and the ELISA would have a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 80%, provided an adjustment in the threshold ELISA-positive value was made. A single positive M. pneumoniae membrane IgM antibody titer appeared to be valuable for a presumptive diagnosis of an ongoing infection; 41 of 47 (87%) of the IgM-positive results in the paired sera were supported by a fourfold increase or a stable high level of CF antibody titer.     

肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗免疫后4年抗体水平监测

目的 比较肾综合征出血热（HFRS）Ⅰ型灭活疫苗接种组和对照组免后4年抗体水平,了解HFRSⅠ型灭活疫苗有无增强接种组隐性感染发生情况。方法 1994年7月-1998年7月在建德市肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗随机对照试验现场,采集接种组和对照组双份血清各305和283人。分别按对照组免前间接荧光抗体阳性和阴性的第二份血清间接荧光抗体滴度分布情况确定阳性判断阈值（cut-off值）,由此判断免前间接荧光抗体阳性和阴性的接种组人群发生隐性感染情况。结果 以不同的cut-off值来比较接种组和对照组免前间接荧光抗体阳性人群的抗体阳性率,差异无显著性,在免前间接荧光抗体阴性接种组和对照组中,其差异也无显著性,未见接种组和对照组免后抗体几何平均滴度和抗体阴转率差异有显著性。结论 接种组同对照组免后4年荧光抗体水平差异无显著性,未发现HFRSⅠ型灭活疫苗增强接种人群隐性感染发生率。     

Comparison of ELISA and immunoassays for measurement of IgG and IgM antibody to West Nile virus in human sera against virus neutralisation

Two commercial assays for the detection of IgG antibody to West Nile virus (WNV), an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), were evaluated against the virus neutralisation test. Excellent agreement with the virus neutralisation was obtained with both tests, i.e., 99.5% by I-ELISA and 100% by IFAT. The well-known serological cross-reactivity within the family of the Flaviviridae was analysed using sera with known antibodies against dengue virus, tick borne encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus. IgM and/or IgG positive sera were examined for reactivity by WNV-ELISA and WNV-IFAT. While cross-reactivity between 0 and 18.2% was recorded with IgM positive sera, there was extensive cross-reactivity of 15.7-100% with IgG positive sera.     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with major outer membrane proteins of Brucella melitensis to measure immune response to Brucella species.

We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system to measure human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM response to the major outer membrane proteins of Brucella melitensis. The ELISA was more sensitive in detecting antibody than a standard microagglutination (MA) test with B. abortus antigen. Of 101 sera from persons with suspected brucellosis, 79 (78.2%) gave ELISA IgM titers greater than or equal to the B. abortus MA titer without 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME), which measures both IgM and IgG. Of the 101 sera, 97% gave ELISA IgG titers greater than or equal to the MA with 2ME titer. A total of 58 sera, drawn from 11 human patients from 1 to 29 weeks after onset of brucellosis, gave higher geometric mean titers for the ELISA IgG test than for the MA with 2ME test. These 58 sera also gave ELISA IgM geometric mean titers that were greater than or within one doubling dilution of the geometric mean titers of MA without 2ME. In addition to detecting antibody response to B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis, the ELISA was sensitive to antibody response to human and canine infections with B. canis. The B. canis antibody response is not detected by the MA test with B. abortus antigen. The ELISA, with a standard preparation of major outer membrane proteins of B. melitensis as antigen, appears to be useful in measuring antibody response in humans to infections by all species of Brucella known to infect humans.