可切除大肝癌TACE后手术切除标本的病理研究

目的 探讨可切除大肝癌TACE后手术切除标本的病理改变及其意义。方法 2002年1月～2003年1月收治的83例可切除大肝癌患者随机分成术前TACE组(36例)与一期手术组(47例)，术前TACE组31例二期切除(二期手术组)，5例失去手术切除机会，78例术后病理均证实为肝细胞癌。对比两组标本间主瘤、包膜、子灶、癌栓、肝硬化等病理情况。结果 TACE组除较一期手术组肿瘤坏死广泛、包膜更完整外，两组间子灶及门脉癌栓发生率、肝外浸润转移无显著差异；TACE组TACE后肿瘤体积缩小并不显著，子灶、门脉癌栓完全坏死者少，肝硬化加重。结论 可切除大肝癌术前TACE不能使肿瘤完全坏死，部分患者耽误手术时机，应严格选择应用。     

术前辅助性肝动脉化疗栓塞对可切除巨块型肝癌术后生存的影响

目的:探讨术前辅助性肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗对可切除巨块型肝癌患者长期生存的影响.方法:回顾性分析接受手术切除的176例巨块型肝癌病例资料,按照术前是否曾行辅助性TACE治疗分为TACE组(n-51)和non-TACE组(n=125),根据是否伴有门静脉分支癌栓和子灶等癌残留高危因素分层,比较各组的总体生存率.结果:TACE组与non-TACE组1、3和5年总体生存率分别为65.60%、43.00%、30.70%和52.90%、30.60%、25.10%,两组差异无统计学意义,P=0.214;但对于伴有子灶或门静脉分支癌栓等癌残留高危因素的巨块型肝癌,TACE组与non-TACE组1和3年总体生存率分别为 58.00%、21.70%与 35.90%、9.10%.差异有统计学意义.P=0.027.结论:可切除巨块型肝癌的术前辅助性TACE治疗可选择性应用,对于伴有门静脉分支癌栓和子灶等癌残留高危因素的巨块型肝癌,术前辅助性TACE治疗有助于延长患者生存时间.     

肝癌术后预防性肝动脉化疗栓塞对延缓复发的意义

[目的]了解预防性肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)在延缓肝癌手术后复发方面的作用.[方法]对823例行根治性切除并经病理证实为肝细胞癌患者进行随访分析.其中126例患者手术后行预防性TACE,将可能影响原发性肝癌术后复发的观察指标包括性别、年龄、术前AFP、有无癌栓、手术切缘、手术前肿瘤是否破裂、肿瘤大小、肿瘤有无子灶、肿瘤包膜情况、手术后有无行预防性TACE等,用Cox模型分析各因素与复发时间之间的关系.所有数据经SAS6.12和SPSS统计软件处理分析.[结果]年龄小、有癌栓、手术前肿瘤有破裂、肿瘤体积大和肿瘤周围有子灶等因素使肝癌手术后复发时间提前,保证较大手术切缘距离和手术后行预防性TACE可延缓肝癌手术后复发.预防性TACE可明显降低肝癌患者术后2年的复发率.[结论]对有早期复发病理学征象的肝癌患者行预防性TACE治疗可能延缓术后肿瘤复发.     

肝细胞癌病理学微侵袭的影响因素对放疗靶区确定的潜在价值

目的 通过病理切片观察肝细胞癌镜下外侵特点,提供准确的病灶浸润范围,以指导临床医生确定放疗靶区范围.方法 搜集4年间149例肝细胞癌手术切除的病理标本及其相关临床资料,包括肿瘤最大直径、包膜情况、边界情况、门脉癌栓、TNM临床分期、Edmondson-Steiner分级、血清中AFP值、未梢血血小板计数、肝硬化程度.肿瘤切缘必须>1cm,术前影像学检查及术中探查均未发现原发肿瘤周边子灶.通过常规病理切片在显微镜下确定肝癌微侵袭灶距离.结果 肿瘤微侵袭灶距原发灶距离最远为4mm,范嗣O.5～4.0 mm,平均(1.64±0.09)mm.有微侵袭灶者较无侵袭灶者易出现复发,其复发率分别为44%(35/79)和29%(20/70)(P=0.047).肿瘤最大直径、包膜情况、边界情况、门脉癌栓、TNM临床分期、Edmondson-Steiner分级、血清中AFP值、末梢血血小板计数、肝硬化程度与微侵袭灶有关(P值均<0.05).通过对肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤包膜、门脉癌栓、血清中AFP值、末梢血血小板计数5项简单临床指标评分,O～2分者自包膜外扩2mm即能达到97%的准确性,>2分者准确性仅83%.结论 肝细胞癌的微侵袭灶外侵距离与肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤包膜、门脉癌栓、血清中AFP值、末梢血血小板计数有关,通过5项简单临床指标评分可初步判断外侵范围.     

TACE后残余肝癌细胞β-catenin和p28GANK的表达及意义的研究

目的 探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)后残余肝癌细胞β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)和p28GANK的表达及意义。方法 收集TACE后手术切除的肝细胞癌组织标本45例(TACE组)和未经任何治疗直接手术切除的肝细胞癌组织标本30例(单纯手术组)。采用免疫组化SP法检测残余肝细胞癌中β-catenin、p28GANK的表达水平。结果 TACE组组织标本β-catenin和p28GANK的表达阳性率分别为77.78%和75.56%,单纯手术组肝癌组织标本β-catenin和p28GANK的表达阳性率分别为46.67%和53.33%,两组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。TACE组残余肝细胞癌中β-catenin和p28GANK的阳性表达存在相关性(Φ=0.318,P=0.033)。TACE组β-catenin和p28GANK的高表达与患者门静脉癌栓形成和肿瘤远处转移有关(P＜0.05)。结论 原发性肝癌TACE后残余肝细胞癌β-catenin和p28GANK的表达明显升高,β-catenin和p28GANK的高表达与患者存在门静脉癌栓和肿瘤的远处转移有关。β-catenin和p28GANK的高表达可能是TACE后肿瘤侵袭、转移的原因之一。     

术前栓塞化疗对肝癌术后免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨术前TACE对肝癌术后复发综合治疗时免疫功能的影响。方法：收集术前TACE术后复发综合治疗的原发性肝癌患者，用流式细胞仪和ELISA法分别检测介入前、手术前、复发综合治疗时细胞免疫和体液免疫的动态变化，并与同期直接手术术后复发的综合治疗患者比较。结果：术前TACE组CD3、CD4、CD56轻度降低，血清IgM水平轻度上升，与介入前无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。术前TACE组复发综合治疗时主要表现为CD8上升和CD4／CD8比例下降，免疫抑制程度较轻。直接手术组复发综合治疗时CD3、CD4、CD56下降，免疫抑制程度较重。手术明显降低患者CD3／CD4／CD19，而IgG、IgM、C3水平上升（P＜0．05）。术前TACE组肿瘤包膜、子灶、癌栓和根治程度明显优于直接手术组。结论：术前栓塞化疗对原发性肝癌手术时免疫功能影响不大，并可减轻肝癌切除术后患者细胞免疫和体液免疫抑制，但应掌握适应证。     

术前栓塞化疗对肝癌术后免疫功能的影响

背景与目的:经肝动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheterarterialchemoembolism,TACE)是治疗肝癌的重要手段之一,术后TACE能明确降低复发率,但术前TACE的作用和地位尚有争议。本研究探讨术前TACE对肝癌术后复发患者综合治疗时免疫功能的影响。方法:收集术前TACE原发性肝癌患者,用流式细胞仪和ELISA法分别检测介入前、手术前、复发综合治疗时细胞免疫和体液免疫的动态变化,并与同期直接手术术后复发的综合治疗患者比较。结果:术前TACE组CD3+、CD4+、CD56+轻度降低,血清IgM水平轻度上升,与介入前无显著性差别(P>0.05),复发综合治疗时主要表现为CD8+上升和CD4+/CD8+比例下降(0.8±0.3)%,免疫抑制程度较轻。直接手术组CD3+、CD4+、CD56+分别为(49.0±9.1)%、(19.0±4.8)%、(18.6±9.9)%,免疫抑制程度较重,手术明显降低患者CD3+、CD4+、CD19+水平。术后病理检查表明术前TACE组的肿瘤包膜变完整、子灶、癌栓减少,根治切除率高于直接手术组。结论:术前栓塞化疗对原发性肝癌手术患者免疫功能影响不大,可弥补手术不足,明显减轻肝癌切除术后患者细胞免疫和体液免疫抑制,但应掌握适应证。     

CT在判断可切除性胰头癌手术中的价值探讨

经手术、病理证实的胰头癌５９例。通过对术前ＣＴ判断肿瘤的可切除性和术后比较，其结果可切除的符合率为６４．７％，不可切除的符合率为９２．８％。ＣＴ显示肠系膜上动脉、腹腔动脉增粗，肿瘤包裹血管、血管中癌栓形成为肿瘤不可切除的可靠征象；肝转移、腹水为不可切除的完全可靠的征象，但小的转移性肝癌不易发现；淋巴结肿大并不是转移的特异征象；血管部分与肿瘤接触，脂肪层消失，有时不易区别是否为肿瘤授润，对判断手术可     

PCNA在接受过术前经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗的肝癌组织中的表达及其预后意义

背景与目的:增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)可反映肝细胞癌(以下简称"肝癌")的增殖活性,经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)对术后残癌细胞增殖活性影响的报道结果不一。本研究旨在探讨术前TACE对肝癌增殖活性的影响和PCNA在二期切除肝癌复发预后中的意义。方法:选取91例术前TACE及50例未行TACE的肝癌手术切除标本,采用免疫组化方法检测两组标本PCNA的表达情况,分层分析两组PCNA表达的差异,以及术前TACE后二期根治性切除的肝癌中PCNA的表达水平与复发的关系。结果:PCNA表达于肝细胞核中,术前TACE组和未行TACE组的PCNA阳性率分别为67.0%和66.0%(P>0.05),术前TACE组中癌栓、播散结节或肿瘤低分化(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)者PCNA的表达均明显低于对应分层的未行TACE者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前TACE后根治性二期切除患者,复发组与未复发组肿瘤组织中PCNA阳性率分别为77.8%、47.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PCNA阳性组1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为55.8%、31.8%、23.6%,PCNA阴性组分别为83.2%、62.1%、53.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术前TACE对高侵袭肝癌细胞增殖活性有较好的抑制作用,术前TACE后二期根治性切除肝癌PCNA的表达与患者术后复发转移密切相关。     

肝癌腹腔淋巴结转移的相关因素及预后分析

[目的]探讨肝细胞肝癌患者腹腔淋巴结转移的临床病理学相关因素及预后。[方法]2005年1月至2010年1月经手术切除的382例肝细胞肝癌,将伴腹腔淋巴结转移的13例患者设为淋巴结转移组,同时期不伴淋巴结转移的369例肝癌患者设为非淋巴结转移组,对两组患者的年龄、性别、HBsAg、症状、肝硬化、AFP值、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、大体类型、分化程度、有无包膜、病灶数目、门静脉癌栓和生存期等情况进行分析。[结果]淋巴结转移发生率为3.40%（13/382）。肿瘤大小、大体类型、门静脉癌栓与腹腔淋巴结转移相关。淋巴结转移组中位生存时间10个月,而非淋巴结转移组中位生存时间23个月。[结论]肝细胞肝癌淋巴转移发生率较低,病理类型、门静脉癌栓及肿瘤大小影响预后。     

可切除大肝癌TACE后手术切除标本的病理研究

To investigate pathological changes in surgically excised specimens from resectable large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE ) and their significance. From January 2002 to January 2003, 83 patients with resectable large HCC were randomized into two groups: group A, 36 patients who underwent preoperative TACE, and group B, 47 patients who underwent one-stage operation without TACE. Hepatectomy was performed in 31 patients of group A (two-stage operation group) and 47 patients of group B (one-stage operation group). The remaining 5 patients in group A were not operable. The diagnosis of HCC was pathologically confirmed in all 78 patients after hepatectomy. Pathological changes of the excised specimens between the two groups were compared, including main tumors, capsular containment, daughter nodules, tumor thrombi and liver cirrhosis. There were no significant differences in the incidence of daughter nodules, portal vein tumor thrombi (PVTT) and extrahepatic metastasis between the two groups, but the area of main tumor necrosis was more extensive and the rate of encapsulation was higher in two-stage operation group than those in one-stage operation group. No significant shrinkage in the average tumor size was seen in two-stage operation group, where daughter nodules and PVTT necrosis were less, and liver cirrhosis was more serious. Preoperative TACE for resectable large HCC should be used on the basis of strict selection because it does not provide complete tumor necrosis and may result in delayed surgery in some cases.     

经导管动脉化疗栓塞对肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效评价

目的:探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞对原发性肝细胞癌合并不同分型门静脉癌栓的疗效和预后因素,并评价此标准对临床的指导意义.方法:回顾性收集中国医科大学附属第一医院介入病房2007年1月至2009年12月间符合纳入标准的201例肝细胞癌患者,所有病例均接受规律的经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗,然后根据合并门静脉癌栓的位置不同而分为4型,并相应的分成四组(I-Ⅳ组),最后对各组进行疗效和生存等统计学分析.结果:全部病例总缓解率为5.5%;有效率为48.3%;3个月、6个月、1年、2年及3年累积生存率分别为91.0%、81.1%、49.8%、15.4%和5.0%;中位生存时间为12个月.I-Ⅳ组的中位生存期分别为20个月、11个月、9个月和3个月.多因素分析显示,门静脉癌栓分型,凝血酶原时间,治疗次数和疗效为影响肝细胞癌患者生存期的独立预后因素.结论:在肝脏功能储备良好的情况下,经导管动脉化疗栓塞是肝细胞癌的一种安全有效的治疗手段,并且随着合并门静脉癌栓位置不同,预后也不同,对I型,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型门静脉癌栓疗效较为显著,预后相对较好,但Ⅳ型预后较差.     

Hepatic resection versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

BACKGROUND:

The long‐term survival outcomes of hepatic resection (HR) compared with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) are unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Between December 2002 and December 2007, 201 consecutive patients diagnosed with resectable HCC with PVTT received HR as an initial treatment in our center. These patients were compared with 402 case‐matched controls selected from a pool of 1798 patients (with a 1:2 ratio) who received TACE as an initial treatment during the study period. PVTT was classified to 4 types: PVTT involving the segmental branches of the portal vein or above (type I), PVTT extending to involve the right/left portal vein (type II), the main portal vein (type III), or the superior mesenteric vein (type IV).

RESULTS:

The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survivals for the HR and TACE groups were 42.0%, 14.1%, and 11.1% and 37.8%, 7.3%, and 0.5%, respectively (P < .001). On subgroup analyses, the overall survivals for the HR group were better than the TACE group for type I PVTT, type II PVTT, single tumor, and tumor size >5 cm (P < .001, P = .002, P < .001, P < .001, respectively), but not for type III PVTT, type IV PVTT, multiple tumors, and tumor size <5 cm (P = .541, P = .371, P = .264, P = .338, P = .125, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed the type of PVTT and initial treatment allocation were significant prognostic factors for overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with TACE, HR provided survival benefits for patients with resectable HCC with PVTT, especially for those with a type I PVTT or a type II PVTT. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization reduces long-term survival rate after hepatic resection for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIMS: To study the effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on long-term survival after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we conducted a comparative analysis in 235 HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection with a curative intent. METHODS: We compared clinicopathologic background, mortality, and survival rates after hepatic resection between those who underwent preoperative TACE (n=109) and those who did not (n=126). RESULTS: One hundred and two patients in the TACE group (93.6%) received TACE only once. The mean interval between TACE and hepatic resection was 33.1days. Patients in the TACE group were younger than those in the non-TACE group, and liver cirrhosis and non-anatomical hepatic resection were more prevalent in this group. The 5-year overall survival rate after hepatic resection was significantly lower in the TACE group (28.6%) than in the non-TACE group (50.6%), especially in patients without cirrhosis or with stage I or II tumor. There was no difference between the two groups in mortality or disease-free survival after hepatic resection. Multivariate analysis showed preoperative TACE, preoperative aspartate aminotransferase elevation, and microscopic portal invasion to be independent risk factors for a poor outcome after hepatic resection. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative TACE should be avoided for patients with resectable HCC, especially for those without cirrhosis or with an early stage tumor.     

Transarterial chemoembolization compared with conservative treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: using a new classification

We aimed to compare the survival benefit of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with conservative treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), furthermore, to reveal which PVTT types benefit from TACE treatment. From August 2007 to January 2010, a prospective controlled study was performed on consecutive patients with advanced HCC and PVTT. Of a total of 150 patients, 115 were treated with TACE (lipiodol and anticancer agents ± gelatin sponge embolization), and 35 who refused to accept the procedure were treated with conservative treatment. We performed survival analysis of the two treatment groups and then stratified by a new classification of PVTT that was divided into four types. Overall survival was significantly better in the TACE group than in the conservative group (8.67?months vs. 1.4?months, P?相似文献   

Pilot study of local radiotherapy for portal vein tumor thrombus in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) generally have a poor prognosis. We therefore conducted a prospective pilot trial of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and local radiotherapy (RT) for PVTT in unresectable HCC. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of this preliminary trial regime and to explore RT guidelines for cirrhosis. METHODS: Eight patients with unresectable HCC accompanied by first branch PVTT were entered into the study from February 1998 to December 1999. TACE was performed using Lipiodol, epirubicin hydrochloride and mytomycin followed by gelatin sponge cubes. RT was started 10-14 days following TACE. A total delivered dose of 60 Gy was given as daily 2 Gy fractions, with the clinical target volume defined as PVTT only. We observed a relationship between deterioration of liver function and the percent volume of the total liver receiving a dose exceeding 30 Gy (V30). RESULTS: An objective response was observed in three of the eight patients. However, on follow-up angiograms the protrusion of PVTT into the main portal trunk was decreased in all cases. Deterioration of liver function was observed in all patients with V30 >40%. CONCLUSION: It is possible that this combined therapy prevents PVTT from spreading to the main trunk and that indicates a further benefit of TACE. Our results indicate that V30 constitutes a predictive test for the development of liver failure. More detailed evaluations of liver function and determination of the safe irradiation volume are necessary.     

The effect of preoperative transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization on disease-free survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Although surgical resection has produced better results than other therapies for local control of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the long term results have not been satisfactory because of a low disease-free survival rate. The effects of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on improving disease-free survival of HCC after hepatectomy has remained controversial. METHODS: The current study was retrospective survey of 1725 patients who had hepatectomy for HCC between January 1990 and December 1995 and had follow-up data for 1457 cases. The follow-up rate was 84.5%. The significant prognostic factors were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards survival model, and the disease-free survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimation. Among 1457 cases, 120 patients underwent preoperative TACE and were divided into a one time TACE group, over two times TACE group, an effective group, and ineffective group. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses revealed significant prognostic factors as follows: preoperative TACE number, preoperative TACE effect, preoperative lesion number, intraoperative tumor thrombus, tumor size, tumor gross type, daughter nodules, vascular invasion, and postoperative alpha-fetoprotein value. Kaplan-Meier estimation showed that the 5-year disease-free survival rates of the over two times group, the one time group, and no TACE group were 51.0%, 35.5%, and 21.4%, respectively, and that the mean disease-free survival times of the three groups were 66.4, 22.5 and 12.5 months, respectively. The effective group had a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 56.8%, with a mean time of 90.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: Effective preoperative TACE may be one of the best methods, which can be clinically performed at present, for resectable HCCs including small HCCs for improving disease-free survival after hepatectomy. According to tumor size, range, location, hepatic function, and TACE effect, TACE can be performed 2-4 times preoperatively within 6 months.     

肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓不同治疗方法的疗效比较

目的 比较不同治疗方法对肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗效果。方法 回顾分析84例肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓患者的临床资料。按不同治疗方法分成5组：手术切除 癌栓取出 术后肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)和胸腺肽治疗组(A组)9例;手术切除 癌栓取出 术后TACE治疗组(B组)20例;手术切除 癌栓取出组(C组)7例;TACE治疗组(D组)38例;保守治疗组(E组)10例。比较各组癌栓变化和生存期。结果A、B、C、D、E各组对癌栓治疗有效率分别为66．7％、70．0％、57．1％、7．9％和0,中位生存期分别为10．0,7．0,8．0,5．0和2．0个月,1年生存率分别为44．4％、15．0％、14．3％、10．5％和0。结论 手术切除 癌栓取出术可清除大部分癌栓,术后TACE可进一步提高患者的生存率。     

肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓不同治疗方法的比较

目的 比较肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓(ｔｕｍｏｒ ｔｈｒｏｍｂｉ ｉｎ ｐｏｒｔａｌ ｖｅｉｎ,ＰＶＴＴ）不同治疗方法的疗效及其意义。方法 １４７例肝细胞癌伴门静脉主干或第１分支癌栓的住院患者,按不同治疗方法分成４组：保守治疗组（Ａ组,１８例）;肝动脉结扎和（或）肝动脉插管化疗组（Ｂ组,１８例）,术后定期栓塞化疗;肝癌联同ＰＶＴＴ切除组（Ｃ组,７９例）;手术切除＋肝动脉化疗栓塞和（或）肝动脉置管或门静脉