新疆阜康地区30岁以上哈萨克族居民血脂水平及其影响因素

目的 调查新疆阜康地区哈萨克族30岁以上居民的血脂水平.方法 在新疆阜康地区内采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取了991名30岁以上的哈萨克族居民,检测其血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血糖及胰岛素水平,分析该人群血脂水平、血脂异常率及人群分布特点,并探讨其可能的相关风险因素.结果 新疆阜康地区哈萨克族30岁以上居民血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平分别是(5.05±1.07)、(1.10±0.66)、(1.46±0.38)、(3.06±0.84)mmol/L;男性TC、TG及LDL-C分别为(5.19±1.05)、(1.32±0.80)、(3.30±0.85)mmol/L,均明显高于女性的(4.94±1.07)、(0.94±0.46)、(2.88±0.79)mmol/L(t值分别为3.57、8.63、8.06,P值均＜0.01);男性HDL-C水平明显低于女性[分别为(1.32±0.33)、(1.57±0.38)mmol/L,t=11.48,P＜0.01].血脂异常率为28.3%(280/991);TC、TG、HDL-C以及LDL-C异常率分别为12.6%(125/991)、6.6%(65/991)、11.0%(109/991)和10.1%(100/991);TC、TG以及LDL-C边缘异常患病率分别是27.0%(268/991)、7.6%(75/991)和20.5%(203/991).男性血脂异常率达40.0%(172/430);30～39、40～49、50～59、60岁以上组血脂异常患病率分别为26.2%(78/298)、26.0%(91/350)、31.2%(73/234)和34.9%(38/109)(χ2=3.94,P＜0.05).校正性别和年龄后,TG与腰围、腹围、BMI偏相关系数分别是0.368(P＜0.01)、0.336(P＜0.01)、0.331(P＜0.01);HDL-C与腰围、腹围、BMI的相关系数分别是-0.340(P＜0.01)、-0.339(P＜0.01)、-0.321(P＜0.01).结论 新疆阜康地区哈萨克族居民的血脂处于较高水平,以高TC、高LDL-C为主要特点;该人群中,血脂异常的防治应以男性、血脂边缘异常和60岁以上的人群为重点.

Abstract：

Objectiye To study the lipids level in Kazakan individuals over 30-year-old in Fukang area of Xinjiang. Methods Random cluster multistage sampling method were performed to select the subjects,and 991 individuals aged older than 30 from Fukang of Xinjiang were included. The plasma total cholesterol ( TC ), triglyceride ( TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), plasma glucose and insulin were measured. Related adverse cardiovascular risk factors were discussed. Results The mean plasma TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C of Kazakan residents over 30-year-old in Fukang of Xinjiang were ( 5.05 ± 1.07 ), ( 1.10 ± 0. 66 ), ( 1.46 ± 0. 38 ) and ( 3.06 ±0. 84)mmol/L,respectively. TC,TG and LDL-C levels in male subjects were higher than those in females (malevs female: TC: (5. 19 ± 1.05) mmol/L vs (4.94 ± 1.07) mmol/L,t=3.57,P＜0. 01;TG:( 1.32 ± 0. 80 ) mmol/L vs ( 0. 94 ± 0. 46 ) mmol/L, t = 8. 63, P ＜ 0. 01; LDL-C: ( 3.30 ± 0. 85 ) mmol/L vs (2. 88 ±0. 79) mmol/L,t =8.06 ,P ＜0. 01 ). While the HDL-C level in male subjects was lower than that of female (male vs female: (1.32 ±0.33) mmol/Lvs (1.57±0.38) mmol/L,t=11.48,P＜0. 01).The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 28. 3% (280/991) in the overall populations. In the overall populations,the prevalence of hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, high Iow-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia and low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were 12.6% ( 125/991 ) , 6. 6% ( 65/991 ) , 11.0%( 109/991 ) and 10. 1% ( 100/991 ) ,respectively. The prevalence of individuals with borderline-high TC ,TG and LDL-C were 27. 0% ( 268/991 ), 7. 6% ( 75/991 ) and 20. 5% ( 203/991 ), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 40. 0% (172/430) in male populations. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in group aged 30 - 39,40 - 49,50 - 59,60 and above were 26. 2% ( 78/298 ), 26. 0% ( 91/350 ), 31.2%(73/234) and 34. 9% (38/109), respectively, the trend of prevalence was significant by trend test for groups comparison ( x2 = 3.94, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Adjusting for age and gender, TG was positively correlated with waist circumference,abdominal circumference and BMI, the partial relation coefficients were 0. 368 ( P ＜0. 01 ) ,0. 336( P ＜ 0. 01 ) and 0. 331 ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), respectively, and HDL-C was negatively correlated with waist circumference,abdominal circumference and BMI ,the partial relation coefficients were -0. 340 (P ＜0.01),-0.339 (P＜0.01) and -0.321 (P＜0. 01),respectively. Conclusion The lipid levels of Kazakan residents from Fukang area are high and are characterized by hypercholesteremia and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and more attention of the prevention of dyslipidemia in this populations should be paid to males,border-line abnormal and those aged over 60-year old.     

重庆市9 528例体检人群脂代谢特点及脂代谢异常的临床研究

目的:探讨重庆市体检人群脂代谢水平和脂代谢异常状况及影响因素。方法:将调查对象按性别和年龄分组,分析14 918例健康体检人中进行了血脂检查的9 528例人群的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)四项血脂指标,比较不同年龄段及男女间脂代谢水平和各类脂代谢异常的发生率,采用多因素Logistic回归分析脂代谢异常与性别、年龄、体重指数(BM I)、血压和血糖(GLU)的相关性。结果:9 528例健康体检人群中脂代谢异常数为3853(40.4%),高TG2504(26.3%)、高TC1901(20.0%)、高LDL-C1573(16.5%)、低HDL-C383(4.0%),其中一项指标异常1978(51.3%)、两项指标异常1260(32.7%)、三项指标异常597(15.5%)、四项指标均异常18(0.5%);高TC、高TG和高LDL-C发生率随着年龄的增加而明显增高,而70~年龄段各项脂代谢水平和高TG和高LDL-C有降低的趋势;男性体检人群脂代谢水平和脂代谢异常率明显高于女性(P<0.001)。性别、年龄、BM I、血压和GLU五项因素均对TG和LDL-C异常发生率有显著影响;影响TC代谢的因素是年龄、血压和GLU;性别、BM I和GLU对低HDL-C发生率也有显著影响。结论:脂代谢异常在重庆市体检人群中发生率较高,应加强对高危人群的定期体检,通过控制体重、血压、血糖等与脂代谢异常的相关因素而利于对脂代谢异常疾病的防治。     

Lipid-altering effects of a dietary supplement tablet containing free plant sterols and stanols in men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia: a randomized,placebo-controlled crossover trial

This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial assessed the lipid-altering efficacy of a dietary supplement (tablet form) providing 1.8 g/day free (non-esterified) plant sterols and stanols versus placebo for 6 weeks as part of a therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet in 32 men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Mean ± SE baseline (end of a 5-week TLC diet lead-in) lipid concentrations (mmol/l) were total cholesterol (TC), 5.88 ± 0.08; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), 4.71 ± 0.09; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 4.02 ± 0.08; HDL-C, 1.17 ± 0.06 and triglycerides (TGs), 1.51 ± 0.12. Differences from control in responses (plant sterol/stanol ? control) were significant (p < 0.05) for LDL-C ( ? 4.9%), non-HDL-C ( ? 3.6%) and TC ( ? 2.8%). HDL-C and TG responses were not significantly different between treatment conditions. These results indicate that 1.8 g/day free plant sterols/stanols administered in a tablet produced favourable lipoprotein lipid changes in men and women with hypercholesterolaemia.     

Correlation of dyslipidemia with waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and body mass index in Iranian adults

Overweight and obesity are increasing problems in many countries and are related to multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Although imaging techniques can determine total body fat and its distribution reliably, anthropometric measurements remain important in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between some anthropometric measurements and dyslipidemia as an important cardiovascular risk factor in Iranian population. A total of 750 subjects (580 females and 170 males) were selected by multistage random sampling from residents of Arak (Iran) and related villages in 2005. None of them had any significant past medical history. Body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), and waist to height ratio(W/Ht) of subjects were measured to identify their relationship with their lipid profile including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol(TC/HDL-C). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was also measured. WC and W/Ht showed greater correlation with TC, TG, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C level than did BMI. Among lipid profile, TG showed the closest correlation with W/Ht (r=0.309, p<0.001) and WC (r=0.308, p<0.001). HDL-C level did not show any statistical relationship with W/Ht, but it was weakly correlated with WC (r=-0.088, p<0.05). None of the indices showed any association with FBS level. It can be concluded that W/Ht and WC can best predict dyslipidemia in an Iranian adult population. We suggest using both W/Ht and WC as inexpensive and easy methods in clinical and epidemiological fields.     

The effect of a home-based walking program on risk factors for coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolaemic men. A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolaemia and physical inactivity significantly contribute towards risk of coronary heart disease. Increased physical activity may be an effective way to improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolaemic individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a home-based physical activity program meeting current guidelines improved the lipid profile of hypercholesterolaemic men. METHODS: Sixty-seven hypercholesterolaemic men (55.1 (4.9) years), from Bristol England, recruited between 2002-2004, were randomized to either 12 weeks of brisk walking sufficient to expend at least 300 kcal each walk or control condition. Fasting lipids including total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, blood pressure and anthropometric characteristics were measured at baseline and follow-up. Compliance was monitored using accelerometers and activity logs. RESULTS: After controlling for baseline differences, TC/HDL-C was significantly lower in the intervention group at follow-up (-0.28, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.03, p=0.03). An increase in HDL-C (0.07 mmol/l: -0.01, 0.12, p=0.07) and reduction in TG (-0.30 mmol/l: -0.64, 0.03, p=0.07) in intervention participants were of borderline statistical significance. Weight significantly decreased in intervention participants (-1.40 kg: -2.43, -0.38, p<0.01). No other significant between group effects were found. Compliance to the walking program was 97.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of moderate intensity walking was sufficient to improve TC/HDL-C in hypercholesterolaemic men, primarily through improvement in HDL-C.     

The effects of cessation from cigarette smoking on the lipid and lipoprotein profiles: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies revealed that cigarette smokers have lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) than nonsmokers. But prospective studies on the effects of cigarette smoking cessation on lipid profile have yielded inconclusive results. METHODS: Relevant English articles were retrieved by keyword searches of MEDLINE (1966-October 2000), Cochrane Library (2000, Issue 2), and cited references. Twenty-seven studies met the following inclusion criteria: (1) prospective cohort study including clinical trials, (2) measuring smoking status and lipid profile of HDL-C, TC, LDL-C, and TG, (3) reporting the changes of lipid concentrations in abstinent smokers, and (4) not using adjuvant antihyperlipidemic drugs. RESULTS: Overall Q statistics for net change of HDL-C, TC, LDL-C, and TG showed heterogeneity. Using a random-effects model, HDL-C level increased significantly [0.100 (CI 0.074 to 0.127) mmol/L] after smoking cessation. However, levels of TC [+0.003 (CI -0.042 to 0.048)], LDL-C [-0.064 (CI -0.149 to 0.021)], and TG [+0.028 (CI -0.014 to 0.071)] did not change significantly after smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking cessation increases serum levels of HDL-C but not of TC, LDL-C, and TG.     

Probiotic consumption does not enhance the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy in postmenopausal women

Numerous studies report that soy lowers cholesterol. Probiotic bacteria were also reported to lower total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). We hypothesized that by altering intestinal microflora, probiotic consumption may also change phytoestrogen metabolism and enhance the effects of soy. To evaluate the independent and interactive effects of probiotic bacteria and soy on plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), 37 women with a baseline TC of 5.24 mmol/L were given the following 4 treatments for 6 wk each in a randomized crossover design: soy protein isolate (26 +/- 5 g soy protein containing 44 +/- 8 mg isoflavones/d); soy protein isolate + probiotic capsules (10(9) colony-forming units Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 and Bifidobacterium longum); milk protein isolate (26 +/- 5 g milk protein/d); and milk protein isolate + probiotic. Soy consumption decreased plasma TC by 2.2% (P = 0.02) and LDL-C by 3.5% (P = 0.005), increased HDL-C by 4.2% (P = 0.006) and tended to decrease TG (P = 0.07) compared with milk protein intake. When divided according to initial TC concentration, soy effects were observed only in hypercholesterolemic women (TC > 5.17 mmol/L). In this subgroup, soy treatments decreased plasma TC by 3.3% (P = 0.01), LDL-C by 4.5% (P = 0.004), and TG by 10.6% (P = 0.02), and increased HDL-C by 4.2% (P = 0.02). When subjects were divided on the basis of plasma and urine concentrations of the isoflavone metabolite, equol, equol producers and nonproducers did not differ in baseline lipids or in the effects of soy. Probiotics did not lower cholesterol or enhance the effects of soy. These results confirm a beneficial effect of soy on plasma cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women independent of equol production status, but do not support an independent or additive effect of these particular probiotic bacteria.     

单纯糖筛查异常孕妇血脂与新生儿出生体重的关系

目的 了解单纯糖筛查异常孕妇的血脂水平及其与新生儿出生体重的关系.方法 孕龄24～28周、糖筛查异常孕妇406例,行口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),其中妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)115例(GDM组),妊娠期糖耐量减低(GIGT)60例(GIGT组),单纯糖筛查异常231例(单纯糖筛查异常组).测定并比较三组孕妇的总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆周醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白(Apo)A1和ApoB.结果 GDM组TG明显高于GIGT组和单纯糖筛查异常组(P＜0.01),HDL-C、ApoB明显低于GIGT组和单纯糖筛查异常组(P＜0.01).单纯糖筛查异常组高TG孕妇的巨大儿发生率(25.0%,11/44)高于血脂正常孕妇(11.2%,21/187)(P=0.017).多元线性回归分析发现,TG与ApoB是新生儿出生体重的独立危险因素(F=7.677,P=0.006;F=7.842,P=0.001).结论 空腹血清TG和ApoB是糖筛查异常但糖耐量试验正常孕妇新生儿出生体重的独立危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal serum lipid levels and newborn weight in pregnant women with single positive diabetic screening test. Methods On the basis of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 406 pregnant women during 24-28 gestational week whose 50 glucose challenge test (GCT)≥7.8 mmol/L were separated to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group with 115cases, gestational impaired glucose tolerant (GIGT) group with 60 cases,and GCT (+) group with 231 cases.The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured at the same time. Results Serum TG concentration was significantly higher in GDM group than that in GIGT group and GCT(+) group(P＜0.01).The level of HDL-C, ApoB in GDM group were lower than those in GIGT group and GCT(+) group (P＜0.01). In the 231 women with positive diabetic screening but normal glucose tolerance who delivered at term, the incidence of macrosomia was significantly higher in those with TG levels higher than 3.5 mmol/L (25.0%, 11/44) than in mothers who TG levels were lower than 3.5mmol/L (11.2%, 21/187) (P=0.017). Multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the independent risk factors of macrosomia was the level of TG and ApoB (F=7.677,P=0.006;F = 7.842,P = 0.001 ).Conclusion Among pregnant women with single positive diabetic screening test,maternal serum TG and ApoB are independently associated with neonatal birth weight.     

老年人群体质指数和腰围与心血管病危险因素聚集的研究

目的探讨老年人群体质指数、腰围与心血管病危险因素聚集的关系。方法对654名老年人进行健康查体,对不同体质指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）老年人的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和空腹血糖（FPG）平均水平及高血压、高TC、高TG、低HDL-C、糖尿病检出率进行分析,对心血管病危险因素聚集性进行分析。结果BMI、WC升高是老年人最常见的心血管病危险因素。随着BMI、WC的增加,老年人SBP、DBP、TC、TG、FPG平均水平明显升高,HDL-C平均水平降低,高血压、高TC、高TG、糖尿病的检出率明显增高。BMI为24．0～27．9ks／m^2时,老年人高血压、高TC、高TG、糖尿病的检出率分别为59．74％、3．89％、28．57％、10．06％,患高血压、高TG、糖尿病的危险性分别是正常BMI的1．65、1．88、1．85倍;BMI≥28．0ks／m^2时,老年人高血压、高TC、高TG、糖尿病的检出率分别为83．05％、5．08％、35．59％、15．25％,患高血压、高TG、糖尿病的危险性分别是正常BMI的5．44、2．60、2．98倍。男性WC≥85cm、女性WC≥80cm时,老年人高血压、高TC、高TG、糖尿病的检出率分别为66．15％、4．47％、29．57％、10．12％,患高血压、高TC、高TG的危险性分别是正常WC的3．52、6．51、1．68倍。BMI≥24．0kg／m^2或男性WC≥85cm、女性WC≥80cm的老年人伴随多个心血管病危险因素的比例显著增高。结论BMI、WC升高是导致老年人群心血管病危险因素聚集的重要因素。     

Coaching patients with coronary heart disease to achieve the target cholesterol: a method to bridge the gap between evidence-based medicine and the "real world"--randomized controlled trial

Community studies have demonstrated suboptimal achievement of lipid targets in the management of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). An effective strategy is required for the application of evidence-based prevention therapy for CHD. The objective of this study was to test coaching as a technique to assist patients in achieving the target cholesterol level of <4.5 mmol/L. Patients with established CHD (n = 245) underwent a stratified randomization by cardiac procedure (coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention) to receive either the coaching intervention (n = 121) or usual medical care (n = 124). The primary outcome measure was fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, measured at 6 months post-randomization. At 6 months, the serum TC and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in the coaching intervention group (n = 107) than the usual care group (n = 112): mean TC (95%CI) 5.00 (4.82-5.17) mmol/L versus 5.54 (5.36-5.72) mmol/L (P <.0001); mean LDL-C (95%CI) 3.11 (2.94-3.29) mmol/L versus 3.57 (3.39-3.75) mmol/L (P <.0004), respectively. Coaching had no impact on TG or on HDL-C levels. Multivariate analysis showed that being coached (P <.001) had an effect of equal magnitude to being prescribed lipid-lowering drug therapy (P <.001). The effectiveness of the coaching intervention is best explained by both adherence to drug therapy and to dietary advice given. Coaching may be an appropriate method to reduce the treatment gap in applying evidence-based medicine to the "real world."     

Prediction of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal Ghanaian women using obesity and atherogenic markers

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important health problem which puts individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes as well as obesity-related cancers such as colon and renal cell in men, and endometrial and oesophageal in women. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at examining how obesity indicators and related determinants influence metabolic syndrome, and how the factors can be used to predict the syndrome and its cut-offs in postmenopausal Ghanaian women. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty (250) Ghanaian subjects were involved in the study with one hundred and forty-three (143) being premenopausal women and one hundred and seven (107) postmenopausal women. The influence of traditional metabolic risk factors including high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance on obesity and atherogenic indices i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio (HDL-C/TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol to low density lipoprotein ratio (HDL-C/LDL-C) and triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) were identified according to the Harmonization (H_MS) criterion. RESULTS: The most significant anthropometric marker that significantly influence metabolic risk factors among the pre- and postmenopausal women was waist-to-hip ratio (premenopausal: p- 0.004, 0.026 and 0.002 for systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HDL-C; postmenopausal: p-0.012, 0.048, 0.007 and 0.0061 for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), FBG, triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) respectively). Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve for WC, WHR, TG/HDL-C and HDL-C/TC among postmenopausal women were estimated at 0.6, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.8 respectively. The appropriate cut-off values for WC, WHR, TG/HDL-C and HDL-C/TC that predicted the presence of metabolic syndrome were 80.5 cm, 0.84, 0.61 and 0.34 respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian postmenopausal women can be predicted using WC, WHR, TG/HDL-C and HDL-C/TC.     

北京社区体检人群餐后与空腹血脂水平的比较分析及意义

目的:探讨非空腹血脂异常判定标准在北京社区人群中应用的可行性。方法:采用自身对照研究。中国中医科学院广安门医院检验科于2018年1至10月招募社区体检者839名（男性292名,女性547名）,年龄中位数（四分位间距）为60（54, 66）岁,同时检测空腹和标准餐后4 h血脂谱水平,采用配对 t检验或者配对非...     

绝经后妇女冠心病患者性激素水平与脂质代谢的临床观察

目的:观察绝经后妇女冠心病(CHD)患者血清性激素水平与脂质代谢关系。方法:58例绝经后妇女CHD患者作为观察组,58例绝经后健康妇女作为对照组,测定两组性激素相关指标(血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、催乳素(PRL)、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、E/T)及脂质代谢相关指标(总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、HDL-C/LDL-C、HDL-C/TC)水平,并进行相关性分析。结果:观察组患者E2、HDL-C、E/T、HDL-C/LDL-C、HDL-C/TC水平明显低于对照组,TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);经多元回归分析观察组患者E2、E/T与TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB水平呈负相关。结论:绝经后妇女CHD患者血脂异常与性激素下降密切相关,且共同参与CHD发生、发展。     

上海市松江区泗泾地区健康人群血脂水平调查与分析

目的调查泗泾地区人群血脂水平和血脂谱现状,探讨泗泾镇高脂血症发病情况及高脂血症与年龄、血致动脉硬化指数（AIP）水平关系,为血脂异常防治提供客观依据。方法收集2010年4—12月在泗泾医院体检的8098例人员资料,并测定甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）,计算出非高密度脂蚕白胆固醇（non—HDL—C）、AIP,并按不同年龄段进行分组,将各组进行比较分析。结果TC水平最高男性为4．83mmol/L,女性为5．24mmol／L,高水平年龄在61—70岁;TG水平最高男性为2．02mmol/L,女性为1．67mmol／L,年龄在41-70岁：HDL-C最低水平为1．12mmol／L,各年龄段均在合适水平;LDL—C最高男性为2．36mmol／L,女性为2．47mmol／L,年龄在31～70岁．健康人异常脂蛋白血症发生率（按2007年《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》中血脂水平划分方案划1分为TC38．89％、TG32．21％、HDL—C24．92％和LDL—C5．09％。结论该地区健康人TC、TC、HDL—C和LDL—C整体水平明显高于2002年中国营养与健康调查血脂在人群中的水平。血脂谱以异常高TC占首位,依次为TG、HDL—C和LDL—C．高TG血症发生率（32．21％）与高TC血症发生率（38．49％）相差不多,应重视高TG血症防治。     

Cord blood lipid profile and associated factors: baseline data of a birth cohort study

The cord blood lipid profile may be associated with lifelong changes in the metabolic functions of the individual. The aim of the present study was for the first time in Iran to assess the cord blood lipid profile of neonates, as well as some of its environmental influencing factors. The subjects were 442 (218 boys and 224 girls) normal vaginal delivery newborns. Overall, 14.4% of neonates were preterm and the rest were full-term. In total, 9.2% (n = 35) of the full-term newborns were small-for-gestational-age (SGA), of which 16 had a ponderal index (PI) below the 10th percentile (SGA I) and 19 had a PI above the 10th percentile (SGA II), 5.5% (n = 21) were large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and the remainder were appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA).Before becoming pregnant, 6.9% of mothers were underweight, 49.3% had normal body mass index (BMI), 39.4% were overweight and 4.4% were obese. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in girls were significantly higher than in boys (80.3 +/- 33.3 and 31.1 +/- 9.9 vs. 73.3 +/- 23.1 and 28.8 +/- 8.7 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.05). The mean apolipoprotein A (apoA) of neonates with underweight mothers was significantly lower, and the mean apoB level of those with overweight mothers was significantly higher than other neonates. The mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C and apoA of the LGA newborns were significantly lower, and their apoB was significantly higher compared with AGA and SGA neonates. The SGA I neonates had significantly lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and apoA, as well as higher triglycerides, lipoprotein a and apoB than the SGA II group. The mean cord blood triglycerides of full-term neonates was significantly higher than preterm neonates (69.4 +/- 11.9 vs. 61.4 +/- 12.7 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.04). A preconception maternal BMI of > or =25 kg/m(2) correlated significantly with the cord triglycerides (OR = 1.3, [95% CI 1.07, 1.5]) and with apoB (OR = 1.4, [95% CI 1.1, 1.5]). The BMI <18 of mothers before pregnancy correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 1.3, [95% CI 1.04, 1.7]). Birthweight correlated with high cord triglyceride level (SGA: OR = 1.4, [95% CI 1.1, 1.7]; LGA: OR = 1.6, [95% CI 1.3, 1.7] compared with AGA). These associations remained significant even after adjusting for the preconception BMI of mothers. Our findings reflect the possible interaction of environmental factors and fetal growth and the in utero lipid metabolism. Long-term longitudinal studies in different ethnicities would help to elucidate the relationship.     

正常BMI腹型肥胖人群高脂液体膳餐后脂代谢研究

目的探讨正常体质指数(BMI)腹型肥胖人群餐后脂代谢与正常体型人群的差异性。方法按照中国肥胖问题工作组提出的建议,以男性腰围≥85 cm,女性腰围≥80 cm为腹型肥胖判断标准,将收集到的BMI在正常范围的111例志愿者分成体型正常组和腹型肥胖组,测定其空腹状态下的胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)等指标,进食高脂负荷流质混合膳后,于0.5、1、2、4、6和8h测定以上指标。结果腹型肥胖组餐后TG水平高于体型正常组(P<0.05),HDL-C显著低于体型正常组(P<0.01)。两组人群餐后TC和ApoB未见统计学差异。结论正常BMI腹型肥胖人群已经存在餐后脂代谢异常,应及时采取针对性措施,防止心血管等疾病的发生。     

月见草联合有氧运动对绝经后妇女血脂代谢的影响

目的研究有氧运动配合月见草对绝经后妇女血脂的影响。方法 60位绝经后妇女随机均分为3组,对照组不干预,运动组和运动加月见草综合组进行3个月的有氧运动,运动加月见草综合组同时服用月见草油疗程3个月,干预前后进行血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)测定。结果试验前3组TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验后运动组和综合组TC、LDL-C均低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组;运动月见草综合组的TG低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论月见草结合有氧运动可有效调节绝经后妇女的血脂代谢。     

桂林市部分男性血尿酸水平与代谢综合征相关性研究

目的研究成年男性血尿酸水平与代谢综合征的相关性。方法对2010月10日～2011年1月在某院进行体检资料完整者1 234例成年男性进行调查,测量身高、体重、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP),并检测血尿酸(UA)、空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。按UA分为高尿酸组(HUA,268例)和正常尿酸组(对照组,n=966例),分析临床资料及与代谢综合征各组分的相关性。结果 (1)高尿酸血症检出率为21.72%。(2)高尿酸组TG、TC、LDL-C、体重指数(BMI)、SBP、DBP指标高于对照组,而HDL-C低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。(3)直线相关分析结果显示:UA与TG、TC、LDL-C、BMI、SBP、DBP呈正相关,而与HDL-C负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示:进入回归方程的有TG、BMI、DBP。(4)高尿酸组发生肥胖或超重、高血压、血脂紊乱检出率较正常组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论高尿酸血症与代谢综合征密切相关,应及早防治高尿酸血症及代谢综合征。     

广东省≥15岁居民血脂异常分布特征及影响因素

目的了解广东省≥15岁居民血清胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白的水平、分布及相关影响因素。方法运用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取广东省大城市、中小城市、2类农村各3个区(县),1类农村4个县,每个县(区)抽取3个街道(乡)、6个居委,共540户进行体格检查和血脂测定。用面对面询问调查获得15岁及以上居民个人基本情况,体检获取体重、身高数据;血脂采用酶法进行检测,使用Saturno 300生化分析仪和日立7060自动生化分析仪进行测定。结果共调查5 260人,甘油三脂(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)均值分别为1.13 mmol/L、4.27 mmol/L和1.31 mmol/L,年龄校正的均数分别为0.81 mmol/L、3.15 mmol/L和1.00 mmol/L。TG均值城市高于农村(P<0.05),随着年龄的增加而上升(P<0.05)。TC、HDL-C均值女性高于男性,城市高于农村(P<0.05)。血脂异常率为23.3%,其中高TG、高TC和低HDL-C的患病率分别为12.0%、8.1%和8.0%,年龄标化率分别为9.4%、5.9%和7.9%。高TG患病率男性高于女性,城市高于农村(P<0.05),随着年龄的增加有上升趋势(P<0.05)。高TC患病率城市高于农村(P<0.05),随着年龄的增加有上升趋势(P<0.05)。低HDL-C患病率女性低于男性(P<0.05)。年龄是高TG、TC的危险因素;超重肥胖是高TG、高TC和低HDL-C的危险因素;饮酒是高TG、高TC的危险因素,但是低HDL-C的保护因素;中等收入是高TG、高TC血症的危险因素,高收入对低HDL-C血症是保护因素。结论广东省居民血脂异常率较高,年龄、超重肥胖、饮酒和家庭经济收入是血脂异常的主要影响因素。     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ2基因多态性对血脂异常人群膳食干预效果的影响

目的 了解过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ2(PPARγ2)基因多态性对血脂异常人群营养干预效果的影响.方法 采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法 ,从南京市3个主城区抽取412例常住汉族高血脂患者,用简单随机抽样方法 将人群分为膳食下预组与对照组.干预组221例给予粗杂粮干预和健康教育,对照组191例仅给予健康教育,从2007年3月至2008年3月,每6个月对两组人群进行1次医学体检,计算体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR),检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白且固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG),其后进行PPARγ2基因Pro12Ala多态性检测.结果 干预后干预组、对照组TC水平分别为(4.90±0.86)、(5.16±0.94)mmol/L;TG水平分别为(1.68±0.97)、(2.29±1.10)mmol/L;HDL-C水平分别为(1.35±0.36)、(1.16±0.33)mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.95、-6.01、5.55,P值均<0.01).干预组Pro/Pro基因型的人群BMI[(24.81±3.21)kg/m~2]、WHR(0.88±0.07)、FBG[(5.40 ±1.17)mmol/L]、TC[(4.92±0.87)mmol/L]、TG[(1.68±1.01)mmol/L]均比干预前[分别为(25.39±3.30)ks/m~2、(0.92±0.07)、(6.07±2.17)mmol/L、(5.28 ±0.94)mmol/L、(2.70±1.86)mmol/L]明显降低(t值分别为19.06、16.43、1.98、8.86、-14.32,P值均<0.01),HDL-C[(1.37±0.36)mmol/L]比干预前[(1.13±0.42)mmol/L]明显升高(t=-7.68,P<0.01);Pro/Ala型人群WHR(0.90±0.06)和TG[(1.71±0.59)mmol/L]比干预前[分别为(0.95±0.06)、(2.58±1.12)mmol/L]降低,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-3.53、-8.05,P值均<0.01).Pro/Pro型的BMI下降幅度[(-1.21 ±1.02)kg/m~2]高于Pro/Ala型[(-0.58±1.85)kg/m~2],差异有统计学意义(t=-6.29,P<0.01).结论 PPARγ2不同基因型人群对粗杂粮膳食干预均有效,其中Pro/Pro型人群多项指标都有明显改善,显示其干预效果好于Pro/Ala型和Ala/Ala型人群.