静脉注射胺碘酮转复新近发生心房颤动的疗效观察

目的观察新近发生房颤伴快心室反应的患者静脉注射胺碘酮的有效性和安全性。方法对新近发生心房颤动伴快心室反应的36例器质性心脏病患者,首次静脉注射胺碘酮3mg/kg,15m in后无效时重复应用,然后用微泵静脉维持1mg/m in,6h后改为0.5mg/m in维持。结果负荷量为150~300(206±42)mg,转复成功率75%,副作用发生率11.1%。结论静脉注射胺碘酮治疗并发于器质性心脏病的新近发生房颤伴快心室反应的患者是有效且较安全的方法。     

胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动20例分析

目的：观察静脉应用胺碘酮对阵发性心房颤动的作用。20例器质性心脏病阵发性心房颤动患者，首剂静脉注射150mg，10min注入。继之以0．5mg／min维持静脉泵入。15min未转复为窦性心律且心室率快者追加静脉注射150mg。结果：1例10min转复，17例7h后转复，2例10h后转复。用药期间，未见缓慢性心律失常、低血压、心衰加重、心绞痛加重及QT间期延长等不良反应。结论：静脉用胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动安全有效。     

静脉注射胺碘酮与心律平转复阵发心房颤动的疗效比较

目的对比研究胺碘酮与心律平转复阵发心房颤动的疗效。方法阵发心房颤动(此次病程≤48h)患者58例随机分为两组胺碘酮组30例,给予胺碘酮负荷量150mg静注后,继以0·6~1·0mg/min维持点滴,依心室率情况调整胺碘酮剂量。心律平组28例,静脉给予心律平1·4~2·0mg/kg,5min内注射,继以0·28mg/min维持静点,无效者改用胺碘酮治疗。结果胺碘酮组转复成功率为86·7%(26/30),心律平组转复成功率57·1%(16/28),且心律平组转复心律失败的部分病例使用胺碘酮仍有效;胺碘酮组平均复律时间(101±95)min(6~508min),心律平组(172±148)min(11~608min)。结论胺碘酮在转复阵发心房颤动比心律平更加快速、安全、有效。     

口服普罗帕酮与胺碘酮联合电复律转复持续性房颤的随机对照试验

目的比较普罗帕酮与胺碘酮联合电复律转复持续性心房颤动及维持窦性心律的疗效与安全性。方法将60例基础疾病治疗良好的持续性房颤患者随机分为两组,每组各30例。普罗帕酮组:普罗帕酮600mg顿服后观察6h,未转复者予电复律,并以最低有效量口服维持窦律;胺碘酮组:胺碘酮600mg分3次口服,连服7天,未转复者电复律,以最低有效量维持窦律。结果单纯药物复律,普罗帕酮组4例,胺电酮组3例,联合电复律两组分别转复25例和22例,两组早期有效率分别为90.0%和80.0%,晚期有效率分别为73.3%和70.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。住院时间普罗帕酮组短于胺碘酮组(P<0.001)。普罗帕酮组1例服药后出现一过性低血压,放弃复律,经对症治疗后好转;胺碘酮组4例服药后恶心、呕吐,未能坚持负荷量连服7天;但两组副反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论普罗帕酮与胺碘酮联合电复律治疗持续心房颤动安全而有效,但普罗帕酮起效快,可相对减少患者的住院时间。     

围手术期使用胺碘酮对心房颤动转律的研究

目的探讨围手术期使用胺碘酮对二尖瓣置换手术患者心房颤动（房颤）的转复和维持窦性心律的作用。方法40例行二尖瓣置换手术房颤患者随机分为2组：胺碘酮组和安慰剂组，每组20例。胺碘酮组术前3d开始胺碘酮200mg口服，3次／d，术后当天通过微量输液泵持续静脉输注600mg胺碘酮，能进食后改为胺碘酮200mg口服，3次／d；1周后改为200mg口服，2次／d；再1周后改为200mg口服，1次／d，一直维持。安慰剂组以安慰剂代替胺碘酮，服药时间和方法同胺碘酮组。观察2组患者术后房颤转复率、ICU监护时间、住院时间及窦性心律维持情况。结果胺碘酮组房颤转复率明显高于安慰剂组（65％vs30％，P〈0．05）。随访6个月，胺碘酮组维持窦性心律明显优于安慰剂组（70％vs0，P〈0．05），而ICU监护时间和住院时间较安慰剂组缩短[（1．8±1．7）d vs（2．8±1．5）d，（11．3±2，4）d vs（13．4±3．2）d，P均〈0．05]。结论胺碘酮可以有效地将二尖瓣置换手术患者的房颤心律转复为窦性心律，缩短ICU监护时间和住院时间，并且在术后维持窦性心律方面疗效显著。     

胺碘酮单用与联合氯沙坦对阵发性心房颤动疗效比较

目的:评价氯沙坦联合胺碘酮对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的疗效.方法:124例阵发性房颤随机分为Ⅰ组(胺碘酮)、Ⅰ组(胺碘酮+氯沙坦),观察房颤转复率、窦性心律维持率及左心房内径.结果:治疗后7 d房颤转复率Ⅰ组为84.48%,Ⅱ组为94.44%.随访1 a时窦性心律维持率Ⅰ组为70.24%,Ⅱ组为86.48%(P<0.05);左心房内径Ⅰ组为(38.25±1.52)mm,Ⅱ组为(35.12±1.46)mm(P<0.05).结论:氯沙坦联合胺碘酮对阵发性房颤的复律及复律后窦性心律的维持均优于单用胺碘酮,并能抑制左心房扩大.     

伊布利特治疗心房颤动疗效观察

目的观察伊布利特转复心房颤动的临床疗效。方法将符合入选标准的39例心房颤动患者随机分为伊布利特组（n=19）及胺碘酮组（n=20）。伊布利特lmg于15min内静脉推注,如无效,15min后再给予1mg静脉推注;胺碘酮150mg于15min内静脉推注,如无效,15min后再给予75mg静脉推注。结果伊布利特组转复心房颤动时间明显短于胺碘酮组;伊布利特组与胺碘酮组分别有12例和6例在给药后0—90min内转复为窦性心律,转复率为63．15％和30．00％;伊布利特组与胺碘酮组分别有4例和7例在给药后90min～4h内转复为窦性心律,转复率为57．14％和50．0％。两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论伊布利特转复心房颤动的疗效高于胺碘酮,时间短于胺碘酮。     

胺碘酮静脉给药在快速心律失常中的应用研究

目的对比观察静脉注射胺碘酮治疗快速心律失常的疗效和安全性。方法62例快速心律失常分为胺碘酮组（32例）和心律平组（30例）。胺碘酮组用药方法：首剂负荷量150—300mg缓慢静注，维持量0．5-10mg／min，维持静点3d，静脉用药同时口服0．2gq8h。心律平组用药方法：首剂负荷量70mg静脉注射，若无效15min后重复70mg，最大累计量24h不大于240mg，次日1：2服0．2gq8h，观察两组治疗快速心律失常转复到窦性心律情况及不良反应发生情况。结果胺碘酮组转复总成功率81．25％（26／32）比心律平组转复总成功率60％（18／30）高，而不良反应，尤其是严重不良反应较心律平组低。结论胺碘酮静脉给药在治疗快速心律失常中安全有效。     

静脉注射胺碘酮治疗器质性心脏病快速心房颤动的效果

目的观察胺碘酮治疗器质性心脏病快速心房颤动(房颤)的临床效果及安全性。方法对我院急诊收治的快速房颤71例均首剂静脉注射胺碘酮150 mg,随后以0.5～1.0 mg/min维持静脉滴注24 h。比较治疗前后心率及左房内径(LAD)大小。结果本组24 h内有58例转复为窦性心律(81.7%),用药后1 h、2 h及24 h平均心室率均明显下降,与用药前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。房颤转复者LAD为(33.8±5.2)mm,未转复者为(41.5±4.1)mm,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗期间有2例出现RR间期延长,停药后恢复,无其他不良反应。结论静脉应用胺碘酮治疗器质性心脏病快速房颤效果明显,未见严重不良反应。     

静脉与口服联合应用胺碘酮行房颤复律46例分析

目的：探讨静脉与口服联合应用胺碘酮行心房颤动复律的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析应用静脉与口服联合应用碘酮复律的46例心房颤动患者的临床资料。结果：46例患者中31例恢复为窦律,转复成功率为67.4%;复律失败的患者中,10例心室率减慢至80次/min以内,5例完全无效。随访37例,随访期为2~41（平均12±3.6）个月,其中21例以胺碘酮口服维持,房颤症状控制良好,无室颤、室速及猝死病例。结论：静脉与口服联合应用胺碘酮行心房颤动复律,疗效可靠,不良反应少,值得推广。     

围术期应用胺碘酮预防心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤的研究

目的探讨围手术期应用胺碘酮在预防非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤中的作用。方法采用随机对照的研究方法,将2009年1月至2011年1月在我科进行非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术的患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各100例。A组为试验组,术前口服胺碘酮,600mg/d(200mgtid),连续7d,之后改为200mg/d至术前,术后当天开始静脉滴注胺碘酮,负荷量为5mg/kg,之后给予维持量0.5mg.kg-1.h-1,能进食后改为200mg/d口服。B组为对照组,不给予胺碘酮治疗而仅用常规药物。观察两组患者术后房颤发生率及心率变化,同时检测试验组患者术前及术后第2天的胺碘酮血药浓度。结果两组患者的术前一般特征及手术情况相近。试验组100例患者中术后有10例(10.0%)发生房颤,对照组100例患者中有36例(36.0%)发生房颤(P=0.015)。试验组房颤时最大心室率为(126.0±20.8)次/min,房颤持续时间为1.0d,对照组房颤时最大心室率为(150.0±25.6)次/min,房颤持续时间为(3.0±1.5)d(P<0.05)。试验组术后心率慢于对照组,两组Q-T间期、术后并发症的发生及死亡率无统计学差异。试验组的住院时间为(10.6±2.8)d,对照组住院时间为(15.4±3.2)d(P<0.05)。胺碘酮血药浓度平均值术前为(797±136)ng/ml,术后第2天为(763±94)ng/ml(P>0.05)。结论胺碘酮在预防非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤中的作用显著,能安全有效地降低术后房颤的发生率,缩短房颤持续时间,且无明显不良反应。     

静脉及口服胺碘酮同时应用治疗充血性心力衰竭心房颤动伴快速心室率的临床分析

目的：探讨胺碘酮治疗充血性心力衰竭（CHF）心房颤动伴快速心室率的临床疗效。方法：将106例各种原因所致的房颤伴快速心室率的CHF患者按入院顺序随机分为治疗组及对照组。两组抗CHF基础治疗相同,治疗组加用静脉负荷量胺碘酮150 mg后,再以1000μg/min静脉点滴维持6小时,500μg/min静滴18小时。同时口服胺碘酮0.2,3次/d,1周;再0.2,2次/d,1周以后以0.2,1次/d至观察终点,随诊为12个月。结果：治疗组53例使用胺碘酮治疗可显著增加抗心律失常有效性,改善左室射血分数,减少心力衰竭再住院率,42例患者转复为室性心律。结论：静脉及口服胺碘酮同时应用治疗充血性心力衰竭房颤是有效和安全的。     

Intravenous amiodarone for acute pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) may be a feasible management strategy in selected patients. Recent guidelines have recommended intravenous amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, for the conversion of AF to NSR. The purpose of this review is to examine the published evidence for the efficacy of IV amiodarone for the acute conversion of AF to NSR in the ED. Currently available data from 11 randomized, controlled trials and 3 meta analyses do not support the use of conventional doses of IV amiodarone for acute conversion in the ED. High dose IV or combined IV and oral administration may be effective as early as 8 hours in patients with recent-onset AF of <48 hour duration in patients without contraindications to these high dose regimens. There are no data to support the use of IV amiodarone for acute conversion in patients with an ejection fraction of <40% or clinical heart failure, so its use in these scenarios should be limited to symptomatic patients who are refractory to electrical conversion. More well-designed studies are required to determine the role of IV amiodarone for the acute conversion of AF in the ED.     

"Torsade de pointes" in patients with structural heart disease and atrial fibrillation treated with amiodarone, beta-blockers, and digitalis

Amiodarone is one of the most efficient and safe antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Yet, though rare, proarrhythmic effects remain a clinical problem. We present three cases of amiodarone-associated "Torsade de pointes" tachycardia (Tdp) in patients treated concomitantly with heart rate controlling medication for AF. Amiodarone loading therapy was started for the treatment of tachyarrhythmic AF in all the three patients. All presented with a history of coronary heart disease, resulting in a severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in two patients. One received oral amiodarone loading, in the others, amiodarone was administered intravenously because of hemodynamically relevant AF episodes. Amiodarone therapy was combined with a heart rate controlling medication including a β-blocking agent and digitalis in all the cases. All the subjects suffered from clinically relevant Tdp in the early run after initiation of amiodarone loading (max. 48 hours). The mean QTc in all patients before induction of Tdp was prolonged. The present case reports imply that amiodarone in combination with β-blocker/digitalis therapy may be associated with an elevated proarrhythmic risk in selected patients with structural heart disease and AF.     

A formula for the stratified selection of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the emergency setting: a retrospective pilot study

Background: Amiodarone is a commonly used medication in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) of recent onset. Study Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify a possible formula for selecting Emergency Department (ED) patients with paroxysmal AF who will spontaneously restore sinus rhythm (SR), successfully restore SR with the use of loading intravenous (i.v.) amiodarone, or require 24-h maintenance amiodarone infusion. Methods: This retrospective pilot study included 141 patients with recent-onset AF. Patients who did not restore SR spontaneously received i.v. amiodarone (5 mg/kg) within a period of 30 min. In case of no response, an additional dosage of 1000 mg of i.v. amiodarone was administered over a period of 24 h. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the predictors of spontaneous conversion and the response to amiodarone administration. Results: The formula ([heart rate/systolic blood pressure] + 0.1 × number of past AF incidences) was chosen as the one with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity. This index identified the patients who spontaneously restored SR (cutoff point 1.31 with 78.6% sensitivity and 77.9% specificity), whereas for patients who responded to the loading i.v. amiodarone dose, the use of the index (cutoff point 1.24) exhibited 84.1% sensitivity and 75.3% specificity. Conclusions: This formula may be a useful and reliable bedside diagnostic tool to identify AF patients most likely to spontaneously convert, or respond to loading amiodarone administration in the emergency setting. The use of this index also can assist in patient risk stratification.     

药物联合治疗心房颤动的临床观察

目的观察极化液、利尿剂和胺碘酮联合用药治疗心房颤动(AF)患者的临床转复率和巩固率。方法根据AF时血流动力学紊乱的病理生理机制,观察了67例AF患者联合应用极化液和硝酸甘油静滴7 d,胺碘酮静滴3 d后改为口服,同时口服小剂量利尿剂联合治疗方法的转复率和巩固率的情况。结果在联合用药中,67例患者AF转复65例,2例未能转复,AF转复率为97%。对65例复律成功的患者进行随访,3例反复发作不能维持窦性心律,余均能维持窦性心律,巩固率达95%。结论根据AF血流动力学的紊乱病理生理机制联合用药治疗AF,可明显提高AF的转复率和巩固率。     

伊布利特与胺碘酮对阵发性房颤复律的疗效比较

[目的]研究Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物依布利特与胺碘酮转复阵发性心房颤动（房颤） 的有效性及安全性.[方法]入选阵发性房颤患者63例（男32例,女31例）,随机进入依布利特组（n=28）、胺碘酮组（n=35）.前者于10 min内静脉注射依布利特1 mg,如给药结束10 min后仍未转复为窦性心律, 重复前述治疗1次.后者于10 min内静脉注射胺碘酮150 mg,后以1 mg/min维持6 h,再以0.5 mg/min维持18 h,转复后即刻停药.观察给药后房颤的转复率、转复时间、心室率、QTc变化及不良反应.[结果] 依布利特组转复率明显高于胺碘酮组（67.9% vs 40.0%,P=0.028）,转复时间明显短于胺碘酮组[（20.11±11.54） min vs （523.31±277.73） min,P=0.000];伊布利特组10 min、30 min时对心室率和QTc影响大于胺碘酮组（P〈0.05）.胺碘酮组有2例出现轻度低血压,1例胃肠炎,伊布利特组出现2例单形室性心动过速,两组患者不良反应率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.[结论] 伊布利特转复阵发性房颤疗效高于胺碘酮,转复时间短,是一种转复房颤快速、有效的药物,但用药前后必须加强心电监护.     

Efficacy of magnesium-amiodarone step-up scheme in critically ill patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: a prospective observational study

Amiodarone is considered a first-choice antiarrhythmic drug in critically ill patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). However, evidence supporting the use of this potentially toxic drug in critically ill patients is scarce. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has shown to be effective for both rate and rhythm control, to act synergistically with antiarrhythmic drugs, and to prevent proarrhythmia. Treatment with MgSO4 may reduce the need for antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone in critically ill patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation. The efficacy of a new institutional protocol was evaluated. Patients were treated with a new institutional protocol for new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients. An MgSO4 bolus (0.037 g/kg body weight in 15 minutes) was followed by continuous infusion (0.025 g/kg body weight/h). Intravenous amiodarone (loading dose 300 mg, followed by continuous infusion of 1200 mg/24 h) was given to those not responding to MgSO4 within 1 hour. Clinical response was defined as conversion to sinus rhythm or decrease in heart rate <110 beats/min. Sixteen of the 29 patients responded to MgSO4 monotherapy, whereas the addition of amiodarone was needed in 13 patients. Median (range) time until conversion to sinus rhythm after MgSO4 was 2 (1-45) hours. Median (range) conversion time in patients requiring amiodarone was 4 (2-78) hours, and median (range) conversion time in all patients was 3 (1-78) hours. The 24-hour conversion rate was 90%. Relapse atrial fibrillation was seen in 7 patients. The magnesium-amiodarone step-up scheme reduces the need for amiodarone, effectively converts new-onset atrial fibrillation into a sinus rhythm within 24 hours, and seems to be safe in critically ill patients.     

胺碘酮治疗慢性阻塞性肺病快速心房纤颤的临床疗效

目的 探讨胺碘酮对慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者快速心房纤颤（AF）的治疗作用。方法 将收入ICU符合入选条件的24例合并快速心房纤颤的COPD患者分为两组。试验组12例，采用常规临床治疗＋胺碘酮静脉注射，对照组12例采用常规临床治疗。动态监测两组患者治疗后心室率、心律和血压变化。结果 两组患者治疗后心室率均有降低，胺碘酮组入院时与入院后1、4、24小时，对照组入院时与入院后4、24小时比较差异均有显著性意义P〈0.01。试验组入院后1小时与4小时心室率均明显低于对照组P〈0．05；试验组入院后1、4与24小时的累积转复率均显著高于对照组P〈0．05；胺碘酮治疗期间未见明显不良反应。结论 应用小剂量静脉注射胺碘酮治疗慢性阻塞性肺病合并心房纤颤早期可收到良好的心率和节律控制。     

单次高负荷剂量辛伐他汀对心房颤动患者高敏C反应蛋白及转复成功率的影响

[目的]探讨单次高负荷剂量辛伐他汀对阵发性心房颤动患者转复成功率的影响.方法：68例急性冠脉综合征合并阵发性心房颤动患者随机分为观察组（n=33）和对照组（n=35）.对照组给予胺碘酮进行药物复律,并同时口服常规剂量辛伐他汀和稳心颗粒,观察组在对照组基础上加服单次负荷剂量辛伐他汀（80 mg）.观察两组患者房颤复率成功率,并检测用药前和用药后24 h、72 h和7 d高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平.[结果]观察组在各时间点上复律成功率均显著高于对照组,且在用药后24 h即出现hs-CRP显著下降,在各时间点上均低于对照组.[结论]胺碘酮复律前给予高负荷剂量辛伐他汀能降低阵发性心房颤动患者hs-CRP水平,提高转复成功率.