单磷酰酯A预处理在缺血再灌注心肌中的保护作用

目的 探讨单磷酰酯A(MLA)预处理在兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的保护作用。方法采用兔心肌缺血再灌注模型，实验组于实验前24小时注入35μg／kg的MLA作预处理，未预处理作为对照，分别于灌注前、灌注后90分钟、灌注后180分钟采取兔血，用免疫组化法检测两组的血肌钙蛋白(cTn)、肌苷(Cr)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(MB)同工酶(CKMB)水平。结果实验组的cTn、Cr、LDH、CKMB与对照组相比，在灌注前、灌注后90分钟、灌注后180分钟均明显降低。结论：MLA预处理可明显减轻心肌缺血再灌注操作，并且具有延迟保护作用。     

左旋四氢巴马汀对急性全脑缺血-灌注大鼠肝组织血红素氧合酶-与内源性一氧化碳的影响

目的考察左旋四氢巴马汀在大鼠急性全脑缺血 再灌注损伤时对肝组织血红素氧合酶 1（HO 1）和内源性一氧化碳（CO）的影响。方法采用四血管阻塞法建立大鼠急性全脑缺血 再灌注模型,分别检测假手术组（S组,仅行假手术）、脑缺血 再灌注组（I组,制备全脑缺血 再灌注模型,0.9%氯化钠注射液每隔6 h腹腔注射1次）和左旋四氢巴马汀治疗组（R组,制备全脑缺血 再灌注模型,左旋四氢巴马汀20 mg·kg-1每隔6 h腹腔注射1次）,分别于脑缺血 再灌注后2,6,12,24,48 h处死大鼠6只,检测肝组织HO 1活性和血液中碳氧血红蛋白含量。结果左旋四氢巴马汀可在2,6,12,24 h提高CO及HO 1水平（均P＜0.05）,且在12 h CO及HO 1的水平达到最高峰（均P＜0.05）。 结论左旋四氢巴马汀可通过升高HO 1活性使CO增加,从而减轻脑缺血 再灌注时肝组织炎症损伤,对肝组织起保护作用。     

克拉霉素对哮喘大鼠肺组织血红素氧合酶-1的调控

目的:研究哮喘大鼠肺组织中血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)的表达情况及克拉霉素对HO-1的调控作用;观察其HO-1表达与BALF中EOS占细胞总数的百分比(EOS%)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、全血COHb的百分比含量之间的相关性。方法:清洁级雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组(N组)、哮喘组(A组)、克拉霉素治疗组(C组),每组10只。测定全血COHb的百分比含量;计数BALF沉渣中细胞总数和分类;计数肺组织中浸润的炎性细胞数;免疫组织化学染色法观察HO-1在哮喘大鼠肺组织的表达。结果:HO-1主要表达在气道上皮细胞,三组HO-1阳性表达的平均吸光度分别为0.07±0.01、0.22±0.03、0.14±0.02。A组HO-1表达水平显著高于N组(P<0.001),C组HO-1蛋白的表达显著低于A组(P<0.01)。HO-1表达水平与全血COHb的百分比含量、BALF中EOS占细胞总数的百分比及肺组织中EOS总数均呈显著正相关(分别为r=0.887,P<0.01;r=0.889,P<0.01;r=0.883,P<0.01)。结论:哮喘大鼠的肺组织HO-1表达水平显著增加,提示HO-1可能参与哮喘发病过程。克拉霉素明显改善哮喘的气道炎症浸润,其作用机制部分是通过抑制HO-1起作用。     

人血红素氧合酶-1重组腺病毒的构建与鉴定

目的构建人血红素氧合酶-1(hHO-1)重组腺病毒,用以对供体器官的预处理。方法将人hHO-1cDNA克隆于腺病毒穿梭质粒pSGCMV,得到重组质粒pSGCMV-hHO-1。采用位点特异性重组系统(Cre/Loxp)将pSGCMV-hHO-1与腺病毒骨架载体pBHGloxP△E3通过lipofectamine2000共转染至293细胞,生成带有hHO-1基因的重组腺病毒载体Ad-hHO-1。重组腺病毒质粒在293细胞中扩增,CsCl梯度离心纯化。结果经酶切鉴定和测序证实载体构建的正确性,病毒滴度为2.0×1010pfu/ml。结论成功构建带有hHO-1cDNA的重组腺病毒,用以器官移植时缺血再灌注损伤的基因治疗。     

高糖条件下forskolin诱导胰岛系INS-1细胞血红素氧合酶1的表达

目的 观察PKA信号通路的激动剂forskolin对大鼠胰岛β细胞系INS-1细胞中血红素氧合酶1蛋白表达的调节作用及细胞保护机制.方法 体外培养INS-1细胞,分别采用不同葡萄糖浓度再加入10 μmol forskolin共培养,持续4h或19 h后,用蛋白印迹法检测forskolin对INS-1细胞中血红素氧合酶1( HO-1)、超氧化物岐化酶2(SOD2)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase)的蛋白表达作用.结果 高糖孵育INS-1细胞4h,HO-1与Catalase的表达较正常对照组减少(P＜0.05).高糖孵育19 h后,SOD2的表达也减少.而forskolin处理细胞上调这些抗氧化酶的表达(P＜0.05),尤其是预防了高糖诱导的抗氧化酶表达降低.结论 forskolin可能通过增强PKA通路对核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)的磷酸化作用,从而使得Nrf2-ARE通路下游的抗氧化酶表达增强,增强胰岛细胞对抗氧化应激造成的损伤作用.     

右美托咪啶对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾组织血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响

目的评价右美托咪啶对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾组织血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响。方法健康Wistar大鼠36只,雌雄不限,体重300~350g,随机分为3组:假手术组(S组)、肾脏缺血再灌注组(IR组)和右美托咪啶组(D组),各12只。采用动脉压夹夹闭双侧肾动脉60min、恢复灌注4h建立大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注模型。D组于夹闭双侧肾动脉前10min尾静脉注射右美托咪啶3μg/kg;IR组于夹闭双侧肾动脉前10min尾静脉注射等容量生理盐水;S组不夹闭双侧肾动脉,分离肾动脉后尾静脉注射等容量生理盐水。术后再灌注4h时处死大鼠取肾组织,采用PCR技术检测血红素氧合酶-1mRNA的表达,Westernblot法测定血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)蛋白水平,光镜下观察肾组织病理学结果。结果与S组比较,IR组和D组肾组织血红素氧合酶-1mRNA和HO-1蛋白的表达上调(P<0.05);与IR组比较,D组肾组织血红素氧合酶-1mRNA和HO-1蛋白的表达上调(P<0.05),肾组织病理学损伤减轻。结论右美托咪啶减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤与其上调肾组织血红素氧合酶-1的表达有关。     

胰岛素抵抗状态下血红素氧合酶-1/一氧化碳与一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮相互调节的研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗状态下血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）／一氧化碳（CO）与一氧化氮合酶（NOS）／一氧化氮（NO）的相互调节关系。方法通过6周高脂饮食成功复制胰岛素抵抗SD大鼠模型44只，分为胰岛素抵抗组26只，正铁血红素组10只，锌原卟啉组8只；分别腹腔注射生理盐水、正铁血红素、锌原卟啉。12只经6周普通饲料喂养的SD大鼠为对照组，给予腹腔注射生理盐水。检测血CO含量以及胸主动脉组织的NO、诱导型NOS（iNOS）、内皮型NOS（eNOS）的水平，RT-PCR检测主动脉iNOS、eNOS mRNA的表达。结果正铁血红素提高胰岛素抵抗大鼠主动脉组织eNOS活性及其mRNA表达，降低iNOS活性及其mRNA表达。降低血清及动脉组织的NO水平。增加动脉血CO水平。结论HO-1通过对NOS／NO信息通道的调节。抑制iNOS的活性，从而使应激状态下NO水平下降。发挥HO-1的血管保护作用。     

转导血红素氧合酶-1蛋白减轻脑缺血/再灌注沙土鼠海马神经元的损伤

目的评价血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)蛋白转导对脑缺血/再灌注损伤沙土鼠海马神经元的影响。方法构建11R(11个精氨酸残基)-HO-1蛋白,50只沙土鼠随机分为5组(n=10):脑缺血/再灌注组(C组),沙土鼠行脑缺血/再灌注损伤。脑缺血/再灌注+生理盐水组(S组)、脑缺血/再灌注+11R组(R组)、脑缺血/再灌注+5 mg·kg-111R-HO-1组(H1组)和脑缺血/再灌注+25 mg·kg-111R-HO-1组(H2组),各组沙土鼠腹腔分别注射5 mg·kg-1生理盐水、5mg·kg-111R蛋白、5 mg·kg-111R-HO-1蛋白或25 mg·kg-111R-HO-1蛋白,3 h后行脑缺血/再灌注损伤。24 h后取沙土鼠海马,电镜下观察海马组织线粒体的变化,检测海马神经元凋亡、Caspase-3和HO-1蛋白表达、cAMP水平。结果C组、S组和R组3组间海马神经元线粒体变性率、神经元凋亡率、Caspase-3和HO-1蛋白表达、cAMP水平变化无差异(P>0.05);H1组海马神经元线粒体变性率降低、神经元凋亡率降低、Caspase-3蛋白表达下调、HO-1蛋白表达上调、cAMP水平升高(vs C组、S组和R组,P<0.01);H2组海马神经元线粒体变性率降低、神经元凋亡率降低、Caspase-3蛋白表达下调、HO-1蛋白表达上调、cAMP水平升高(vs H1组,P<0.01)。结论 HO-1蛋白转导减轻了脑缺血/再灌注沙土鼠海马神经元的损伤。     

诱导血红素氧化酶表达对乙醇所致人原代肝细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨乙醇暴露与诱导血红素氧化酶(HO 1)表达之间的关系。方法　经体外灌流、分离培养人原代肝细胞 ,观察 10 0mmol·L- 1乙醇暴露 9h后谷胱甘肽 (GSH) ,谷草转氨酶 (GOT) ,乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)和丙二醛 (MDA)的变化以反应人原代肝细胞的氧化损伤 ,用RT PCR及Western印迹方法检测乙醇对人原代肝细胞HO 1mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果 10 0mmol·L- 1乙醇暴露 9h后可导致人原代肝细胞明显的氧化损伤 ,肝细胞中的GSH明显降低 ,而MDA明显升高 ,GOT和LDH ,此外 ,急性乙醇暴露下 ,HO 1表达开始应激升高 ,随后慢慢降低 ,肝细胞经HO 1诱导剂预处理后再与乙醇作用 ,能减轻乙醇对肝细胞的氧化损伤作用 ,并且这种作用可被HO 1抑制剂所抵消。结论　诱导HO 1对乙醇所致人原代肝细胞的氧化损伤有保护作用。     

Therapeutic efficacy of naringin on cyclosporine (A) induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Involvement of hemeoxygenase-1

BackgroundClinically, chronic nephrotoxicity may lead to renal functional impairment and progress to end stage renal failure. The renoprotective effect of a flavonoid naringin(NG) against cyclosporineA(CsA)-induced nephrotoxicitywas investigated in this study.MethodsNephrotoxicity was induced in male albinoWistar rats by injecting 25 mg/kg body weight of CsAfor a period of 21 days. CsA-induced rats were also cotreated with 40 mg of NG/kg body weight, orally.ResultsAfter the experimental period, the levels of lipid peroxides (TBARS) and hydroxyl radical (OH.) were found to be elevated, whereas the levels of SOD, catalase, glutathione, vitamin C, E and Awere decreased in CsA-induced rats. NG co-treatment significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxides and hydroxyl radicals and restored the levels of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in renal tissues. Histological analysis revealed that CsA administration caused severe and widespread necrosis with dilatation of proximal tubules, vacuolization, tubular cell desquamation and intraluminal cast formation with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells. CsA-induced histopathological renal changes were minimal in animals which received NG treatment. The western blot and confocal microscopic expression of heme oxygenase-1 was restored by NG. In CsA-induced animals the expression was reduced compared to NG treated animals.ConclusionsThe present study reveals that NG can act as effective renoprotective drug against CsA-induced toxicity.     

Systemic perfluorohexane attenuates lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats: the role of heme oxygenase-1

Clinical trials with partial liquid ventilation demonstrate improvement in oxygenation, as well as some adverse side effects linked to the application of liquid perfluorocarbons (PFCs) during liquid ventilation. Thus, we examined the effects of systemic administration of PFC on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its effects on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a compound that provides potent cytoprotection against lung injury.Rats were assigned to one of six groups (n = 8). Thirty minutes after they were challenged with LPS aerosol inhalation, perfluorohexane was given intraperitoneally every two hours. Ten hours after LPS inhalation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were obtained for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, histologic, and Western-blot analyses. The results showed that perfluorohexane significantly decreased the wet to dry weight ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue. Also, perfluorohexane reduced the total protein content and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) but increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the BALF, resulting in decreased pulmonary edema and the infiltration of neutrophils into the lung tissues of LPS-treated rats. Furthermore, perfluorohexane increased HO-1 protein production and stimulated HO-1 activity in the lung tissue. Pre-treatment with Zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of HO-1, decreased the protective effects of perfluorohexane in rats.In summary, systemic perfluorohexane alleviates LPS-induced lung injury in rats, and HO-1 may be involved in the mechanism of this reduction.     

Propofol attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury involves heme oxygenase-1

Aim： To examine the protective effect of propofol in renal ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and the role of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in this process. Methods： Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： （i） sham-operated group; （ii） I/R group; and （iii） propofol group. Bilateral renal warm ischemia for 45 min was performed. After 2, 6, and 24 h reperfusion, blood samples and kidneys were collected for assessment of renal injury, and HO-1 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results： Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in the propofol group were significantly lower than that in the I/R group at 24 h after reperfusion. The mean histological score by Paller＇s standard showed that propofol significantly attenuated renal I/R injury after 6 h reperfusion. Propofol increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels 2 h after reperfusion, whereas HO-1 expressions were present at exceedingly low levels in the I/R group and the sham-operated group at same time point. Propofol also markedly increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels than I/R at 6 and 24 h after reperfusion. Conclusion： These results suggest that propofol mitigates renal I/R injury in rats. This protection may be partly through the induction of the HO- 1 expression.     

Dynamic changes of heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide production in acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

Heme oxygenase-1, a stress-responsive enzyme that catabolizes hemes into carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and iron, has been shown to play a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological situations. Here we investigated changes in HO-1 enzyme activity and protein expression, and its end product carbon monoxide concentrations in the liver of rats after CCl(4) treatment. We found that CCl(4) administration not only induced severe liver damage in rats, as demonstrated by dramatic elevation of ALT, AST levels and severe histopathological changes, but also resulted in a prominent up-regulation of HO-1 enzyme activity. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that expression of HO-1 protein was also increased significantly in a time-dependent manner following CCl(4) treatment, and localized mainly in liver cells around the central vein. In addition, CO concentrations in the liver of CCl(4)-treated rats were elevated remarkably in the same time-dependent way as HO-1 induction in contrast to the control rats. These data indicated that HO-1/CO pathway was greatly up regulated in the liver of rats after CCl(4) treatment, which might play an important protective role in the pathophysiological mechanism underlying CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity. It therefore suggested that more relevant studies should be carried out in the future to clarify the detailed mechanisms.     

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 with hemin attenuates hippocampal injury in rats after acute carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major cause of brain injury and mortality; delayed neurological syndrome (DNS) is encountered in survivors of acute CO exposure. The toxic effects of CO have been attributed to oxidative stress induced by hypoxia. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the inducible heme oxygenase isoform, and its induction acts as an important cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress, cellular injury and disease. In this study, we examined the functional roles of HO-1 induction in a rat model of CO-exposured hippocampal injury. We report that acute CO exposure produces severe hippocampal injury in rats. However, hemin pretreatment reduced both the CO-induced rise in hippocampal water content and levels of neuronal damage in the hippocampus; survival rates at 24 h were significantly improved. Upregulation of HO-1 by hemin pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in hippocampal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress; levels of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 were also reduced. In contrast, inhibition of HO activity by administration of tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP, a specific inhibitor of HO) abolished the neuroprotective effects of HO-1 induction. These data suggested that the upregulation of endogenous HO-1 expression therefore plays a pivotal protective role in CO neurotoxicity. Though the precise mechanisms underlying hemin-mediated HO-1 induction and neuroprotection are not known, these may involve the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of HO-1 enzyme activity.     

Role of heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide pathway on the vascular response to noradrenaline in portal hypertensive rats

1. Portal hypertension (PH), a major syndrome in cirrhosis, producing hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and hyperaemia. In order to elucidate the contribution of heme oxygenase to the vascular hyporeactivity, we assessed the activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), measured the in vivo pressure response to noradrenaline (NA) and investigated the effects of blocking the carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways in a prehepatic model of PH in rats. 2. Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). Noradrenaline was injected intravenously. Liver, spleen and mesentery homogenates were prepared for measurement of HO-1 activity and expression. Four groups of rats were used: (i) a sham group; (ii) a PPVL group; (iii) a sham group pretreated with Zn-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX); and (iv) a PPVL group pretreated with ZnPPIX. Each group was studied before and after treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). 3. For basal pressures and the pressure response to NA, inhibition of CO and NO pathways by ZnPPIX and L-NAME, respectively, produced an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in sham-operated and in PH rats. Similarly, when both inhibitors were used together in either sham or PPVL rats, a greater increase in MAP was observed. 4. These results, together with the increased HO-1 activity and expression only in the PH group, have led us to suggest that the heme oxygenase/CO pathway is involved in the vascular response to NA in PH rats.     

血红素加氧酶-1在脑缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用研究

目的探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)表达和活性变化在脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)致脑损伤中的作用。方法♂小鼠随机分为4组,每组30只。以40g.L-1水合氯醛400mg.kg-1ip麻醉,从颈总静脉抽取并回输约40%总血量加双侧颈总动脉夹闭20min,建立脑I/R损伤模型。3组小鼠于建模前16h分别予以脑室内注射150μmol.L-1氯化正铁血红素(Hemin)、150μmol.L-1锌原卟啉Ⅸ(ZnPPIX)或人工脑脊液(ACSF)3μl/只。假手术组仅麻醉并分离暴露双侧颈总动脉和右侧颈总静脉20min。采用Westernblot法检测海马HO-1蛋白表达;分光光度计法检测海马HO活性和脑黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活性及丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)含量;TUNEL法检测海马细胞凋亡。结果Hemin组海马HO-1表达明显增强,HO活性升高,脑XO活性、MDA和ROS含量降低,海马神经元凋亡减少(vsACSF,P<0.05);ZnPPIX组海马HO-1表达无变化(vsACSF,P>0.05),HO活性降低,脑XO活性升高伴脑MDA、ROS含量增加及海马神经元凋亡增多(vsACSF,P<0.05)。结论HO-1表达升高对脑I/R致脑损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制与抗脂质过氧化和清除自由基有关。     

Behaviour of the anti-oxidant defence system and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression in fructose-hypertensive rats

1. Addition of fructose to a rat diet for various periods of time leads to hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia and provides a model for testing oxidative stress parameters in the animals. 2. In the present study, oxidative stress generation, the soluble and enzymatic defence system and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression were investigated in the heart, liver and kidney of rats fed fructose for a period of 1 or 8 months. 3. Compared with the control group, fructose-hypertensive rats showed increased in lipid peroxidation only in the heart after both 1 and 8 months of fructose treatment. Changes in the behaviour of the soluble and enzymatic defence system and HO-1 protein expression were different depending on the organ. Increased or unaltered activities of anti-oxidant enzymes were found in the liver and kidney, respectively. Induction of HO-1 prevented the generation of oxidative stress in the liver, where the activity of anti-oxidant defence enzymes was not reduced. Increased expression of HO-1 protein was not able to prevent the generation of oxidative stress in the heart, where fructose treatment diminished the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes. 4. The results of the present study demonstrate that upregulation of HO-1 may prevent the generation of oxidative stress only when the anti-oxidant defence system is still operative.