全胃加联合脏器切除治疗中晚期胃癌（附120例报告）

全胃加联合脏器切除治疗中晚期胃癌（附１２０例报告）浙江省湖州市第二医院（３１３０００）沈梓云，吴平，张贵阳，王洪近年来，随着对胃癌生物学特性的研究，胃癌的手术治疗倾向更积极的态度［１］。本院１９７６年１月～１９９０年１２月对邻近器官受侵的中晚期胃癌行...     

腹腔镜辅助下进展期胃癌根治术临床分析（附6例报告）

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助下进展期胃癌根治术的安全性及可行性.方法:6例进展期胃癌患者均行腹腔镜辅助下根治性远端胃大部切除术.结果:6例患者均成功进行腹腔镜手术.无中转开腹.手术用时(251±24)min,术中出血量(185±65)mL,清扫淋巴结(14.5±5.7)枚/例.术后患者平均下床活动时间(1.8±0.6)d,胃肠功能恢复时间为(3.8±1.2)d,术后效果良好,没有近期并发症发生.结论:腹腔镜进展期胃癌根治术具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,安全、有效,可行性好.     

联合脏器切除治疗进展期癌28例临床分析

回顾性分析了1995－1998年联合脏器切除术28例进展期胃癌患者的临床资料。18例根治性切除，10例姑息性切除。联合横结肠及系膜切除6例，联合脾切除10例，联合胰体尾脾切除5例，联合胰体尾脾肝左外叶切除2例，联合左肝部分切除2例，联合胰体尾脾横结肠3例。生存超过5年 的4例，超过3年的7例，超过1年的14例。     

32例进展期胃癌联合脏器切除临床分析

目的：探讨进展期胃癌手术治疗中联合脏器切除的可行性。方法：回顾性分析我科自1998年-2000年施行多脏器联合切除治疗的中、晚期胃癌患者的临床资料，其中肉眼下根治性手术切除23例，姑息性切除9例。对手术治疗结果进行分析。结果：术后无严重并发症，无手术死亡的病例。除1例失访外，其余31例经门诊和电话随访。随访5年后，其1、3、5年生存率分别为53．13％（17／32）、28．13％（9／32）、21．88％（7／32）。结论：联合脏器切除用于进展期胃癌的治疗是可行的，能延长患者生存时间；加强围手术期管理，不会明显增加手术并发症。因此，只要情况许可，联合脏器切除仍应作为进展期胃癌局部浸润转移首选的治疗方式。     

局部进展期胃癌围手术期治疗研究进展

对于初始不可切除的局部进展期胃癌患者,东西方治疗方法不尽相同,以手术为基础的多学科综合诊疗是目前的基本治疗策略。在西方国家,围手术期化疗或术后辅助放化疗是首选治疗方式;而亚洲胃D2切除术后辅助化疗是标准治疗方案,近年来,亚洲也在积极开展关于胃癌围手术期治疗的研究,虽然围手术期化疗的疗效已得到保障,但是否联合放疗、是否联合靶向治疗或免疫治疗仍未有统一标准,如何优化治疗模式和疗效预测仍是急需解决的问题。本文综述了局部进展期胃癌围手术期治疗的研究现状,并对其存在的问题及未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

联合脏器切除在晚期胃癌外科治疗中的应用探讨（附18例临床报告）

晚期胃癌的手术治疗,过去多以姑息性手未为主,联合脏器切除的应用,目前尚有不同意见。本文报导18例晚期病例行联合脏器切除术,无手术死亡,无严重并发症,生存期延长,为进一步综合治疗创造了条件。指出对晚期病例应分为有根治可能和无根治可能两组,有根治可能者,只要全身情况可耐受较大手术,应积极行根治性联合脏器切除术。并阐述了根据胃部癌肿部位及病变范围,直接侵犯临近器官及淋巴转移情况等几个方面选择具体的手术切除方式,可行胃部分或全胃联合脾胰体尾、横结肠及其系膜、肝不规则切除术等,根据淋巴结转移情况选择R_2、R_2~ 或R_3手术;强调远侧胃切除后多采用Roux-y或毕Ⅰ式吻合,全胃切除后行食管一空肠“P”型加空肠输出入“Y”型吻合术。强调围手术期处理的重要性,术前应提高病人对手术的耐受性,术后常规行全胃肠外营养支持,防治胰腺切除后并发症。术前,术中,术后化疗宜根据病人具体情况进行。     

联合脏器切除治疗进展期胃癌38例分析

 进展期胃癌确诊时已侵犯邻近或远隔脏器,是否联合切除受累脏器,直接影响到手术的疗效。由于现代手术技术的进步,麻醉、监护、营养支持及抗生素的运用不断改进和完善,复杂手术的并发症发生率和死亡率都有明显的下降。我院自1994年1 月～1999年12 月共行联合脏器切除治疗胃癌38 例,占同期胃癌手术总数的6.1% (38/232) 。现分析如下:     

局部进展期胃癌的新辅助化疗

正胃癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有早期诊断率低、手术根治切除率低、术后转移复发率高及预后差等特点,严重威胁人民的生命健康。只有10%的胃癌患者确诊时尚属早期,大多数胃癌确诊时已是局部进展期甚至已是晚期患者。胃癌主要采取手术联合放化疗的综合治疗方式,东亚主要采取胃切除术联合D2甚至更广泛的淋巴结清扫,而在     

32例进展期胃癌联合脏器切除临床分析

目的:探讨进展期胃癌手术治疗中联合脏器切除的可行性.方法:回顾性分析我科自1998年～2000年施行多脏器联合切除治疗的中、晚期胃癌患者的临床资料,其中肉眼下根治性手术切除23例,姑息性切除9例.对手术治疗结果进行分析.结果:术后无严重并发症,无手术死亡的病例.除1例失访外,其余31例经门诊和电话随访.随访5年后,其1、3、5年生存率分别为53.13%(17/32)、28.13%(9/32)、21.88%(7/32).结论:联合脏器切除用于进展期胃癌的治疗是可行的,能延长患者生存时间;加强围手术期管理,不会明显增加手术并发症.因此,只要情况许可,联合脏器切除仍应作为进展期胃癌局部浸润转移首选的治疗方式.     

联合脏器切除治疗进展期胃癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨联合脏器切除治疗进展期胃癌的疗效及指征.方法 回顾性分析1995年6月至2008年6月收治侵犯邻近脏器的进展期胃癌62例,其中32例联合脏器根治切除(A组),30例姑息切除(B组),两组病人术后均行同方案化疗、免疫治疗和支持治疗,均未行放疗.结果 A、B组术后1、3、5年生存率分别为59.4%、30%;42.5%、0%;21.9%、0%.两组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组手术并发症较B组高,但可治愈.结论 对侵犯邻近脏器的进展期胃癌,若身体情况允许、能耐受手术者,行联合脏器根治切除治疗可获得较好的疗效,不应放弃.重视围手术期处理及术中术后腹腔化疗,可提高生存率.     

局部进展期胃癌术前化疗与术前放化疗的对比研究

背景与目的：术前化疗和术前放化疗都是胃癌治疗指南推荐的针对局部进展期胃癌患者的治疗方法。然而,由于缺乏对比性的研究证据,两者的优劣性不详。本研究将对比术前放化疗与术前化疗在临床疗效及毒性反应之间的差异。方法：2007年6月—2012年10月期间,30例局部进展期胃癌患者入组一项术前化疗的Ⅱ期临床试验,采用EOF（表柔比星+奥沙利铂+氟尿嘧啶）方案进行3~4个周期的术前化疗,对于能手术的患者予以手术,术后给于2~3个周期的EOF方案化疗。2012年4月—2014年8月,40例局部晚期胃癌患者入组一项术前放化疗的Ⅱ期临床试验,患者接受1个周期的SOX［替吉奥（S-1）+奥沙利铂］方案化疗,继续行同步放化疗,再进行1个周期的SOX方案化疗,对于能手术的患者予以手术,术后给于4个周期的SOX方案化疗。比较两项临床试验患者的临床病理特点、术前治疗的效果、R0手术切除率、预后及不良反应。结果：术前化疗临床试验定义为化疗组,有30例胃癌患者入组,且完成了所有的术前化疗,都可评估。术前放化疗临床试验定义为放化疗组,有40例胃癌患者入组,其中36例（90%）患者可评估。两组间的基线参数,如性别、年龄、美国东部肿瘤协作组（Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG）评分、临床T分期、临床N分期及肿瘤部位,差异无统计学意义。化疗组的临床有效率（CR+PR）为30%（9/30）,放化疗组的临床有效率（CR+PR）为41.7%,两者间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。化疗组与放化疗组间的R0手术切除率差异无统计学意义（46.7% vs 66.7%）。放化疗组的病理有效率高于化疗组,且差异有统计学意义（50.0% vs 23.3%）。术前放化疗组的毒性反应较化疗组明显。放化疗组的3年总生存率为41%,高于化疗组的20% （P=0.009）。结论：放化疗组的病理有效率及3年总生存率高于化疗组。急性毒性反应也较化疗组明显,但无严重的毒性反应。     

晚期胃癌姑息性切除手术的临床价值

目的探讨Ⅳ期胃癌姑息性切除手术的临床意义.方法1990年-1997年获随访的Ⅳ期胃癌35例中,18例行肿瘤姑息性切除术,17例肿瘤未切除.结果晚期胃癌手术切除组生存率明显高于未切除组(P=0.0278),其中以胃癌仅伴邻近器官浸润及或仅伴非弥漫性肝转移,或仅伴腹膜种植组手术切除后疗效最佳,二、三年生存率分别为50%、33.33%.肿瘤切除组生存质量明显好于未切除组(P＜0.005).结论晚期胃癌全身情况及局部情况允许时应争取行肿瘤切除术,可提高术后生存率及术后生命质量.     

The new credo: induction chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer: consequences for surgical strategies

Perioperative chemotherapy in stage II and stage III gastric cancer is now accepted as a standard of care in the Western world. Two randomized phase III studies have shown improved survival for patients with induction chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone. It is generally accepted that patients who respond to induction therapy have a significantly improved survival compared with that in nonresponding patients. Unfortunately no prospectively tested markers predicting response and/or prognosis are available for clinical practice. In adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (AEG), fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) prospectively was established as a surrogate predicting response and prognosis. The MUNICON (Metabolic response evalUatioN for Individualisation of neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in oesOphageal and oesophagogastric adeNocarcinoma) I study confirmed prospectively the usefulness of early metabolic response evaluation and showed the feasibility of a PET-guided treatment algorithm. These findings are an important step forward in the tailoring of multimodal treatment in accordance with tumor biology. In gastric cancer, we have analyzed FDG-PET in a prospective study. In gastric cancer the issue is more complicated, because about 30% of gastric cancers cannot be visualized with sufficient contrast for quantification. Insufficient FDG uptake is mostly associated with diffuse-type gastric cancer with signet ring cells and mucinous content. In FDG-avid patients, FDG-PET can be used for response evaluation, comparable to that in AEG. The prognosis of FDG-nonavid patients is similar to that in metabolic nonresponders. The addition of new tracers such as fluorothymidine may increase the sensitivity of PET in the future. Treatment concepts such as immediate resection after only 2 weeks of induction therapy with or without adjuvant treatment could be considered in metabolic nonresponders, or modified chemotherapy regimens, possibly including biologically targeted drugs, could be considered in those with FDG-nonavid tumors. Presented in part at the 7th International Gastric Cancer Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2007     

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer,a phase I/II feasibility and efficacy study

Objectives

This study was initiated to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Methods

In a prospective study, patients with locally advanced gastric cancer stage IB-IV(M0) were treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery 4–6 weeks after the last irradiation. Chemoradiotherapy consisted of radiation to a total dose of 45 Gy given in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy, combined with concurrent weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel.

Results

Between December 2007 and January 2012, 25 patients with cT3 (64%) or cT4 (36%) gastric cancer were included. One patient discontinued concurrent chemotherapy in the 4th week due to toxicity, but completed radiotherapy. Another patient discontinued chemoradiotherapy after the 3rd week due to progressive disease. Grade III adverse events of chemoradiotherapy were: gastrointestinal 12%, haematological 12% and other 8%. All patients, except one who developed progressive disease, were operated. Surgical complications were: general/infectious 48%, anastomotic leakage 12%, and bowel perforation 8%. Postoperative mortality was 4%. Microscopically radical resection rate was 72%. Pathological complete response rate was 16% and near complete response rate 24%.

Conclusions

In this study, preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer was associated with manageable toxicity and encouraging pathological response rates.     

Abdominosacral resection: Long-term outcome in 86 patients with locally advanced or locally recurrent rectal cancer

Aims

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of abdominosacral resections (ASR) in patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer.

Methods

From 1994 until 2012 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) underwent a curative ASR and were enrolled in a database. The postoperative complication rates, predictive factors on oncological outcome and survival rates were registered.

Results

Seventy-two patients with LRRC (mean age 63; 44 male, 28 female) and 14 patients with LARC (mean age 65; 6 male, 8 female) underwent ASR. R0 resection was achieved in 37 patients with LRRC and 11 patients with LARC. Twenty-seven patients underwent an R1 resection (3 in the LARC group). Eight patients had an R2 resection, compared to no patients in the LARC group. In respectively 26 and 1 patients of the LRRC and LARC groups a grade 3 or 4 complication occurred and the 30-days mortality rate was respectively 3% and 7%. The 5-years overall survival was 28% and 24% respectively.

Conclusion

En bloc radical resection remains the primary goal in the treatment of dorsally located (recurrent) rectal cancer. After thorough patient selection, ASR is a safe procedure to perform, shows acceptable morbidity rates and leads to a good oncological outcome.     

Role of radiation therapy in neoadjuvant era in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

Surgery remains the primary determinant of cure in patients with localized rectal cancer, and total mesorectal excision is now widely accepted as standard of care. The widespread implementation of neoadjuvant shortcourse radiotherapy (RT) or long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has reduced local recurrence rates from 25% to 40% to less than 10%; Preoperative RT in resectable rectal cancer has a number of potential advantages, most importantly reducing local recurrence, and down-staging effect. In this article making a comprehensive literature review searching the reliable medical data bases of PubMed and Cochrane we present all available information on the role of radiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy in preoperative setting of rectal cancer. Data reported show that in locally advanced rectal cancer the addition of radiation therapy or CRT pre surgically has significantly improved sphincter prevention surgery. Moreover, the addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy in preoperative setting has significantly improved pathologic complete response rate and loco-regional control rate without improvement in sphincter preserving surgery. Finally, the results of recently published randomized trials have shown a significant improvement of prevs postoperative CRT on local control; however, there was no effect on overall survival.     

隆凸合并心脏大血管切除重建术治疗局部晚期中心型支气管肺癌

背景与目的 迄今，同时侵犯隆凸和心脏大血管的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌仍被视为外科手术治疗的禁忌证。本研究的目的是总结我院施行隆凸合并心脏大血管切除重建术治疗84例侵犯隆凸和心脏大血管的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床经验。方法 1988年3月～2004年12月，对84例同时侵犯隆凸和心脏大血管的局部晚期中心型非小细胞肺癌施行隆凸合并心脏大血管切除重建术。本组隆凸、心脏大血管切除重建术式包括：（1）隆凸切除重建合并右肺动脉袖状切除重建袖式右肺上叶切除术（气管-左主支气管-右中间支气管重建）9例；（2）袖式右全肺切除合并上腔静脉切除人造血管重建加部分左心房切除重建术3例；（3）隆凸切除合并左肺动脉袖状切除重建袖式左上叶切除加部分左心房切除重建术3例；（4）隆凸切除合并部分左心房切除重建和右肺动脉袖状切除重建袖式右上叶切除术（左主支气管-气管端端吻合，右中间支气管-气管端侧吻合）10例；（5）隆凸切除合并左肺动脉袖状切除成形左上叶切除术9例；（6）隆凸切除合并左肺动脉袖状切除成形左上叶切除＋主动脉弓鞘膜切除6例；（7）隆凸切除合并右肺动脉袖状切除成形右中上叶切除术3例；（8）隆凸切除合并左肺动脉袖状切除成形左上叶切除、主动脉弓鞘膜切除＋部分左心房切除重建术8例；（9）隆凸切除合并右肺动脉袖状切除成形右上叶切除加部分左心房切除重建术4例；（10）袖式左全肺切除（气管-右主支气管端端吻合）合并部分左心房切除重建术3例；（11）隆凸切除合并右肺动脉袖状切除成形右中上叶切除加上腔静脉切除人造血管重建术23例；（12）袖式右全肺切除（左主支气管-气管端端吻合）合并部分左心房切除术1例；（13）隆凸切除合并右肺动脉袖状切除成形右中上叶切除加部分左心房切除重建术1例；（14）隆凸切除合并右肺动脉袖状成形右中上叶切除加右肺下静脉袖状切除和右肺下静脉-左心房端侧吻合术1例。结果 本组手术死亡2例，死亡率为2．38％。发生手术并发症32例次，发生率为38．10％。术后1、3、5和10年生存率分别为81．34％、59．47％、31．73％和24．06％。结论 （1）施行隆凸合并心脏大血管切除重建术在技术上是可行的；（2）隆凸切除合并心脏大血管切除重建术为主的多学科综合治疗能明显提高局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的生存率，改善患者预后和生活质量。     

Evidence based radiation therapy for locally advanced resectable and unresectable gastric cancer

Despite the fact that gastric cancer is decreasing in incidence in the United States,it remains one of the most commonly diagnosed and most fatal cancers worldwide.In localised disease,surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment.Nevertheless,the low overall survival rates at 5 years due to locoregional and distant recurrences has led to a large debate regarding the role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in addition to curative resection.Recent data have shown that,even with improved surgical techniques,locoregional failure rates in these patients ranged between 57% and 88%.Failures were noted in the gastric bed,regional nodes,gastric remnant,anastomosis and duodenal stump,all of which can be encompassed in a regional radiation f ield,indicating the need of further locoregional treatment.In this article,a comprehensive literature review of the reliable medical databases of PubMed and Cochrane is made and we present all available information on the role of radiation therapy in the preoperative and postoperative setting of gastric cancer.Data reported show that in locally advanced gastric cancer the addition of radiation therapy post surgery has signif icantly improved diseasefree survival as well as overall survival.Moreover,in unresectable gastric cancer,the combination of radiation therapy with chemotherapy has significantly improvedmean and overall survival rates.The role of radiation therapy in patients with resectable gastric cancer is being further evaluated in ongoing phase Ⅲ trials.     

局部进展期胃癌根治术后行同期放化疗与单纯化疗的疗效比较

目的观察比较局部进展期胃癌根治术后行同期放化疗与单纯化疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析2011～2013年在本院行D2根治术、术后病理分期T3～4N0～1M0或TxN2～3M0期的65例胃癌患者的临床资料,其中术后同步放化疗35例、术后单纯化疗30例。比较两组患者术后辅助治疗的不良反应发生率,2年总生存率,2年无病生存率及2年远处转移率的差异。结果两组术后2年总体生存率无明显差异（82．3％vs．79．0％,P＞0．05）,但与术后单纯化疗相比,术后同步放化疗组的无病生存率增高（75．5％ vs．56．7％,P＜0．05）,局部复发率降低（17．1％ vs．40．0％,P＜0．05）。与术后单纯化疗组相比,术后同步放化疗组中发生3级或4级中性粒细胞减少或血小板减少发生率明显增高（40．0％vs．13．3％,P＜0．05）,3级或4级胃肠道不良反应发生率也增高（40．0％ vs．16．7％,P＜0．05）。结论局部晚期胃癌根治术后同步放化疗较术后单纯化疗可以减低局部复发率及远处转移率,但总生存获益不明显,同时3级或4级不良反应明显增加。     

肺切除合并心脏大血管切除重建治疗局部晚期肺癌

目的 总结349例肺切除合并心脏大血管切除重建术治疗局部晚期肺癌的临床疗效。方法 1983年2月－2000年12月,对349例肺癌患者施行肺切除合并心脏大血管切除重建术。肺切除合并肺动脉切除重建术205例;合并部分左心房切除重建术75例;合并上腔静脉切除重建术65例,其中3例同时合并隆凸切除重建术;合并胸主动脉切除重建术4例。结果 本组手术死亡2例,死亡率为0．6％。发生手术并发症53例次,发生率为15．2％。术后1、3、5和10年生存率分别为79．36％、59．93％、33．14％和23．56％。结论 肺切除合并受肺癌侵犯的心脏大血管切除重建术能明显提高患者的生存率,改善患者预后。