小剂量链脲佐菌素建立妊娠期糖尿病大鼠模型的研究

目的:探讨单次小剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)大鼠模型的可行性,研究分析注射小剂量STZ前后孕鼠糖代谢等相关指标,并从形态学和功能学的角度评价模型。方法:将20只雌性Sprague-Dowlgy(SD)孕鼠随机分成模型组和对照组,每组各10只。模型组在孕1天单次腹腔注射STZ(25mg/kg),对照组用等量柠檬酸钠缓冲液同法处理。孕4天测定非空腹血糖,如血糖≥6.7mmol/L,则模型复制成功。孕18天进行口服葡萄糖试验(OGTT)及血清胰岛素测定,分别计算胰岛素抵抗指数(ISI)和胰岛素分泌能力指数(InsI),以评价胰岛素抵抗程度和胰岛素分泌能力。孕21天处死孕鼠,测定胎鼠体重和胎盘重量并取胰腺组织苏木精-伊红(H-E)染色、光镜检查。结果:模型组的胎鼠及胎盘重量大于对照组(P0.05),孕鼠非空腹血糖、OGTT各时段的血糖及胰岛素水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。模型组孕鼠的ISI高于对照组(P0.001),InsI低于对照组(P0.001)。模型组β细胞轻度损害,仅少数胰岛细胞呈空泡样变性。结论:单次小剂量腹腔注射STZ后成模孕鼠呈现了人类GDM的主要临床特征,是建立实验性GDM大鼠模型的理想方法之一。     

五味子乙素对丙戊酸钠肝脏损伤的保护作用

目的观察五味子乙素(SchB)对丙戊酸钠诱导大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法 30只大鼠随机分成丙戊酸钠组、SchB加丙戊酸钠联合给药组及对照组各10只,分别给予丙戊酸钠、SchB+丙戊酸钠、生理盐水灌胃,2周后眼眶采集血液5mL,检测血清转氨酶水平。结果丙戊酸钠组血清中谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶为(72.29±4.14)IU/L、(67.26±2.38)IU/L,对照组分别为(39.80±5.92)IU/L、(33.00±4.59)IU/L,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);丙戊酸钠加五味子乙素组谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶分别为(32.29±3.68)IU/L、(34.25±5.69)IU/L,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各组大鼠总蛋白、白蛋白等比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丙戊酸钠可造成大鼠肝功能异常,而SchB可缓解肝功能的损害,发挥保肝作用。     

养血定痫颗粒联合丙戊酸钠对小儿癫痫患儿疗效及智商损害的影响

目的观察养血定痫颗粒联合丙戊酸钠对小儿癫痫患儿疗效及智商损害的影响。方法将102例癫痫患儿随机分为对照组和观察组各51例。对照组给予丙戊酸钠治疗,观察组给予养血定痫颗粒联合丙戊酸钠治疗,2个疗程后对比两组疗效、不良反应及智商指数。结果观察组愈显率为78.4%(40/51),显著优于对照组56.9%(29/51),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);操作智商、言语智商及总智商等评分治疗前后差值均显著高于对照组,不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论养血定痫颗粒联合丙戊酸钠治疗小儿癫痫可减少药物不良反应,改善智商发育,提高疗效,值得临床进一步研究推广。     

抗子宫内膜抗体对大鼠不孕及自然流产的影响

目的:了解抗子宫内膜抗体(EMAb)对大鼠妊娠的影响。方法:按高、低2种剂量将纯化入子宫内膜抗原(EMAg)1ml注入大鼠腹腔;以同期腹腔注射1ml生理盐水为对照组,利用间接ELISA检测血液中EMAb阳性水平,电化学发光法检测血液中的CA-125水平,并观察其对妊娠及其结局的影响。结果:EMAb阳性率、不孕率、胎盘重量、胎盘直径实验组高于对照组(P＜0．05或P＜0．01),孕鼠所产仔鼠数、仔鼠体重实验组低于对照组(P＜0．05或P＜0．01),CA-125水平、仔鼠身长各组间无差异(P＞0．05),各组流产率、畸形率均为0。组织病理学显示,实验组EMAb阳性的未孕子宫内膜腺细胞排列欠规则,其内呈空泡改变,明显不同于对照组未孕子宫。结论:①腹腔注射纯化入EMAg能诱导大鼠体内产生EMAb。②EMAb能够导致大鼠不孕,并使其产仔数及仔鼠体重下降。③EMAb能够导致大鼠胎盘的重量和直径增加,且高剂量组(180μg/kg)明显高于低剂量组(90μg/kg)。     

同型半胱氨酸诱发孕鼠妊娠期高血压疾病动物模型的研究

目的采用同型半胱氨酸建立孕鼠妊娠期高血压疾病模型。方法200311于沈阳军区总医院实验动物中心,将成年Wistar雌鼠随机分为4组:非孕对照组(NN)、非孕同型半胱氨酸组(NH)、妊娠对照组(PN)、妊娠高同型半胱氨酸组(PH)。从妊娠第10天起NH组及PH组腹腔内注射同型半胱氨酸200mg/(kg·d);NN组及PN组注射同等体积生理盐水,直至分娩。动态检测大鼠血压、尿蛋白含量,测量胎盘湿量、仔鼠数、胎鼠重量、身长、死胎数。观察各组肝、肾、胎盘、主动脉等组织学改变等。结果PH组经同型半胱氨酸注射后血压升高、尿蛋白增加,与NN、PN组相比,差异有统计学意义。PH组与PN组相比胎盘湿重、胎鼠重量、身长均显著降低,其心脏、肾脏及胎盘等器官均有明显组织学表现。结论同型半胱氨酸可诱发孕鼠妊娠期高血压疾病的典型改变,是用于本病研究的较理想的动物模型。     

抗癫癎药妥泰对大鼠胚胎发育毒性的研究

目的　研究妥泰 (topiramate,TPM)对大鼠胚胎发育的毒性。 　方法　将妊娠SD大鼠随机分为五组。实验组于妊娠 6～ 15d经口灌胃给予TPM 4 0mg/kg ,TPM 80mg/kg和TPM4 0mg/kg 丙戊酸钠 (VPA) 30 0mg/kg。阴性对照组同期经口灌胃给以等量的蒸馏水。阳性对照组于妊娠第 11天一次性腹腔注射环磷酰胺 (CP) 10mg/kg。于妊娠第 2 0天处死孕鼠 ,观察分析活胎、死胎和吸收胎数、仔鼠身体外形畸形及有关发育指标。　结果　实验组的TPM 4 0mg/kg组、80mg/kg组和TPM 4 0mg/kg VPA 30 0mg/kg组母鼠体重增长分别为 ( 89.6± 16 .5 )、( 74 .8±10 .7)、( 91.5± 2 0 .3)g ,显著低于阴性对照组 ( 10 9.5± 14 .2 ) g(t值分别为 2 .9、6 .4、2 .3,P值分别为 <0 .0 1,<0 .0 0 1和 <0 .0 5 )。仔鼠的平均体重、身长、尾长指标明显降低 ;上述TPM三组的死胎率和吸收胎率增加 ,活胎数减少 ,分别为 96 %、88%、86 % ,阴性对照组为 97% ,植入数中活胎和死胎 吸收胎间的构成比 ,在大剂量及与VPA联合用药组差异有非常显著性 ( χ2 值分别为 7.7、9.95 ,P均 <0 .0 1)。仔鼠脐疝、短尾增多。　结论　TPM在小剂量时对胚胎的发育影响较小 ,而大剂量及与丙戊酸钠联合用药时影响较大     

静脉注射免疫球蛋白对宫内感染胎鼠脑组织Toll样受体4表达影响的实验研究

目的观察静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）对围产期炎症暴露的胎鼠及子鼠脑组织Toll样受体4（TLR4）的影响。方法将40只SD大鼠孕鼠随机分成干预组、实验组、对照组3组。干预组16只于受孕第17天给予脂多糖（LPS）腹腔注射,剂量为350μg／kg,制备官内感染模型,取雌鼠后尾静脉,于造模成功后3h按2g／kg注射IVIG1次。实验组16只以相同的方法制备孕鼠宫内感染模型。对照组8只,在大鼠孕第17天给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射。取腹腔注射后的第24小时（孕第18天）、孕第19天、孕第21天以及生后1d。用苏木精-伊红染色法观察各组胎盘及各时间点脑组织的病理改变,比较各组胎鼠的体质量,用PCR法测得各组子鼠脑中TLR4-mRNA的含量,用免疫组织化学法观察各组各时间点脑组织TLR4的表达情况。结果实验组孕鼠胎盘及子宫壁充血水肿,白细胞浸润,子鼠脑白质水肿,并出现形态幼稚的细胞,甚至可见局灶性出血。实验组及干预组子鼠体质量出现不同程度减轻,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。实验组与干预组子鼠脑内TLR4-mRNA及TLR4的表达量在不同时间点出现不同程度的增高。结论宫内LPS感染可导致胎儿脑组织炎性反应,及时使用IVIG可以减少小胶质细胞的持续活化从而抑制胎儿脑组织的炎症反应,降低脑损伤的程度,达到脑保护的作用。     

产前应用地塞米松对早产仔鼠脑发育的影响

目的 探讨产前孕鼠使用地塞米松不同次数对早产仔鼠脑发育的影响. 方法 孕SD大鼠分为产前地塞米松3剂组(3只):于妊娠第16、17、18天给予地塞米松0.8 mg/(kg·d)生理盐水稀释至4 ml腹腔注射;地塞米松1剂组(3只):于妊娠第16,17天腹腔注射4 ml生理盐水,第18天腹腔注射等体积的地塞米松0.8 mg/(kg·d);对照组(3只):于妊娠第16、17、18天各腹腔注射生理盐水4 ml.孕19 d处死大鼠,取仔鼠称体重及脑重,免疫组织化学法检测脑组织特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)表达,电镜观察脑超微结构.组间差异比较采用ANOVA. 结果 (1)地塞米松3剂组体重、脑重、脑重/体重分别为(1.543±0.052)g、(88.80±7.12)mg和(5.75±0.38)0A,1剂组分别为(1.584±0.035)g、(98.21±3.71)mg和(6.20±0.26)%,均低于对照组[(1.696±0.076)g、(111.53±6.29)mg和(6.59±0.48)%](P<0.01或P<0.05);且地塞米松3剂组低于1剂组(P<0.01或P<0.05).(2)地塞米松3剂组脑皮质及海马区NSE表达强度分别为0.223±0.054和0.192±0.054,1剂组分别为0.381±0.041和0.359±0.046,均低于对照组(0.590±0.064和0.529±0.068)(P均<0.01).(3)地塞米松组早产仔鼠脑超微结构可见神经元核膜断裂、线粒体空泡变性、核仁消失、神经纤维丝断裂. 结论 产前使用地塞米松可损伤早产仔鼠脑发育,且多次使用比单次使用对脑组织的损伤更大.     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗2～6岁孤独症儿童疗效分析

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激治疗(rTMS)联合康复训练包括行为分析治疗、社交训练、言语治疗、感觉统合训练对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童刻板行为的疗效分析。方法选取2017年9月至2019年9月在河南省省立医院康复科住院的ASD儿童60例,随机分为对照组和观察组各30例。两组儿童均接受应用行为分析疗法、言语治疗和感觉统合训练。观察组在对照组基础上加用rTMS(且rTMS在康复训练之前)。疗程12周,治疗前后分别用儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)和孤独症行为检查量表(ABC)进行评估。比较两组核心症状总改善率。结果治疗12周后,两组ABC评分及CARS评分均较治疗前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组ABC评分及CARS评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组核心症状总改善率为100%(30/30),明显高于对照组86.7%(26/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 rTMS联合康复训练、常规康复训练对ASD儿童核心症状均有一定的促进作用;rTMS联合康复训练的疗效明显优于常规康复训练。     

早期干预对宫内感染致脑损伤仔鼠神经干细胞增殖能力的影响

目的研究早期干预对宫内感染致脑损伤新生大鼠内源性神经干细胞原位增殖能力的影响。方法30只孕17d大鼠连续2d腹腔注射脂多糖(450μg/kg),设为脂多糖组,制备宫内感染脑损伤动物模型,生理盐水组6只注射等量生理盐水。将脂多糖组所产足月新生仔鼠用随机数字表法分为损伤组和训练组,生理盐水组所产仔鼠为对照组,每组各30只。对训练组进行早期干预至日龄28d,对照组、损伤组常规饲养;选取1,3,7,14,28d各组仔鼠用免疫组织化学方法动态检测海马齿状回颗粒层,BrdU阳性细胞的表达。结果(1)出生后1d对照组、训练组、损伤组新生大鼠海马齿状回颗粒层均存在BrdU,对照组显著高于训练组、损伤组(P0.01)。(2)对照组BrdU阳性细胞数3d开始增加,7d达到高峰,14d后下降,28d接近正常成年大鼠水平。(3)早期丰富环境刺激后,训练组大鼠海马齿状回颗粒层BrdU阳性细胞数在3d开始增加,14d达高峰,峰值显著高于对照组水平(P0.01),28d后下降,但仍高于对照组,BrdU阳性细胞数在时间上均呈一过性增高表达。结论宫内感染致大鼠脑损伤可导致内源性神经干细胞增殖能力降低,并较长时间内难以自然恢复;早期干预可激活脑损伤鼠内源性神经干细胞原位增殖能力,推迟高峰出现,延长作用"时间窗"。     

Pentoxifylline therapy attenuates intestinal injury in rat pups with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of post-ischemic pentoxifylline (PTX) therapy on the gut injury in neonatal rat model of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods: Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups (n?=?24) of either sex, delivered spontaneously, were used in this experimental study. Seven-day-old rat pups were randomly divided into three groups. Control group (n?=?8): after median neck incision was made, neither ligation nor hypoxia was performed. Hypoxia group (n?=?8): 0.5?ml of saline was injected intraperitoneally immediately after hypoxia. Pentoxifylline?+?Hypoxia group (n?=?8): the rat pups were administered intraperitoneally 60?mg/kg of PTX immediately after hypoxia. Eight rats from all groups were sacrificed 24?h after drug administration. The ischemic injury was scored at least six sections at three different levels using histopathologic injury scores (HIS).

Results: Induction of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) increased mean HIS levels significantly at 24?h in the intestinal tissue samples in the hypoxia group as compared with the control group. Induction of H/R decreased means HIS levels significantly at 24?h in the intestinal tissue samples in the PTX?+?hypoxia group as compared with the hypoxia group.

Conclusion: In this experimental study, PTX significantly attenuated H/R-induced intestinal injury in neonatal rat model of HIE. These findings indicate that PTX can reduce the intestinal H/R injury.     

Evaluation of apoptotic cell death on liver and kidney tissues following administration of levetiracetam during prenatal period

Objective: Levetiracetam is a new generation antiepileptic drug used in treatment of patients with epilepsy and has adverse effects on different tissues. We aimed to evaluate the apoptotic effects of levetiracetam exposure during pregnancy on liver and kidney tissues of rat pups.

Methods: We analyzed the newborn rat pups exposed to levetiracetam during prenatal period. Fifteen pregnant female rats were divided into three groups. The group 1 and 2 rats were treated with different doses of levetiracetam (25?mg/kg/d and 50?mg/kg/d, respectively) from gestational days 1–22 during pregnancy. Group 3 (control group) was treated with the same volume of saline. Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Liver and kidney tissues from rat pups were used for investigation.

Results: The percent of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in group 1 were 22 and 17.5 for kidney and liver, respectively. The percent of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in group 2 were 20.9 and 20.9 for kidney and liver, respectively. The percent of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in group 3 were 18.4 and 17.1, respectively, for kidney and liver. The apoptotic index was the same in kidney and liver tissues of all groups.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the prenatal exposure of levetiracetam has no apoptotic effects on liver and kidney of rat pups and, it has biosafety in pregnancy in terms of apoptosis. The first study evaluating the apoptotic effects on liver and kidney tissues following administration of levetiracetam during prenatal period.     

Effect of quercetine and glutathione on the level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonyldialdehyde, blood pressure and neonatal outcome in a rat model of pre-eclampsia induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester

OBJECTIVE: To anticipate the impact of antioxidant use on lipid peroxidation products, free oxygen radical scavengers, blood pressure (BP), proteinuria and neonatal outcome (as seen in percentage survival, litter birth weight) in a rat model of pre-eclampsia induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Material and methods: Female adult non-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) with timed pregnancies were allocated into four groups according to medication they received on day 17 to term. Rats were randomised into a sham-treated group (group I, n=10) and groups treated with L-NAME, 50 mg/day i.p., only (group II, n=10), L-NAME + quercetine, 10mg/kg i.p. (group III, n=10) and L-NAME + glutathione, 60 mg/kg i.p. (group IV, n=10). Blood levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were assessed on day 22 of gestation. Intracardiac blood sampling and hysterotomy were performed on day 22 of gestation. Mean systolic BP (measured with a tail-cuff device), level of proteinuria, total urine output, pups birth weight and percentages of live and of dead pups were recorded. RESULTS: Mean systolic BP and SOD, CAT and MDA levels were higher in rats infused with L-NAME than in the sham-treated group. In group IV, SOD levels were lower than in group II (P <0.001). A linear positive correlation between BPs on day 20 and SOD levels (rp=0.39) was recorded, as were negative correlations between level of proteinuria and SOD levels (rp=-0.39) and between CAT and MDA levels (rp=-0.39). Birth weights were higher in the sham-treated group than in the other groups (P <0.001). Pups of hypertensive gravid rats treated with antioxidants had better survival rates than those of rats in group II and the sham-treated group (Chi-square=15.9, d.f.: 3, P <0.01).However, no correlation was detected between higher pup mortality rate and birth weight of pups. CONCLUSION: In this rat model of pre-eclampsia, adverse outcomes, such as proteinuria and high neonatal death rate, are reversed by exogenous antioxidant use, even though no significant improvement is detected in terms of BP and birth weight of pups.     

Erythropoietin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in the neonatal rat brain

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a common neonatal brain white matter (WM) lesion, is frequently associated with cerebral palsy. Growing evidence has indicated that in addition to ischemia/reperfusion injury, cytokine-induced brain injury associated with maternal or fetal infection may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of PVL. Recent studies have shown that administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to pregnant rats causes enhanced expression of the cytokines, i.e., IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, in fetal brains. In recent years, it has been shown that erythropoietin (EPO) has a critical role in the development, maintenance, protection and repair of the nervous system. In the present study we investigated the effect of EPO on LPS-induced WM injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. LPS (500 microg/kg) suspension in pyrogen-free saline was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant rats at 18 and 19 days of gestation. The control group was treated with pyrogen-free saline. They were given 5,000 U/kg recombinant human EPO. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were divided into four groups: control group, LPS-treated group, prenatal maternal EPO-treated group (5,000 U/kg, intraperitoneally given to pregnant rats at 18 and 19 days of gestation), and postnatal EPO-treated group (5,000 U/kg, intraperitoneally given to 1-day-old rat pups). Cytokine induction in the postnatal 7-day-old (P7) rat brain after maternal administration of LPS was determined by the ELISA method. The proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6) in P7 rat pup brains were significantly increased in the LPS-treated group as compared with the control group. Prenatal maternal EPO treatment significantly reduced the concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the newborn rat brain following LPS injection. The concentration of IL-1 beta was decreased in the intrauterine EPO treatment group. Postnatal EPO treatment significantly decreased only the IL-6 concentration in the newborn rat brain following LPS injection. The concentration of cytokines, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, was reduced in the postnatal EPO treatment group. We demonstrated here that LPS administration in pregnant rats at gestational day 18 and 19 induced WM injury in P7 progeny characterized by apoptosis. Prenatal maternal and postnatal EPO treatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the periventricular WM. Using immunohistochemistry techniques, we investigated the effects of maternal administration of LPS on myelin basic protein (MBP) staining, as a marker of myelination in the periventricular area in the neonatal rat brain. MBP staining was significantly less and weaker in the brains of the LPS-treated group as compared with the prenatal maternal EPO-treated group. However, the postnatal EPO treatment did not prevent LPS-stimulated loss of MBP-positive staining. In conclusion, especially prenatal maternal EPO treatment attenuates LPS-induced injury by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and sparing MBP in the neonatal rat brain. While the postnatal EPO treatment prevented LPS-induced brain injury this effect was partial. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates a protective effect of EPO on LPS-induced WM injury in the developing brain. Regarding the wide use of EPO in premature newborns, this agent maybe potentially beneficial in treating LPS-induced brain injury in the perinatal period.     

Resveratrol, a red wine constituent polyphenol, protects from ischemia-reperfusion damage of the ovaries

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of resveratrol on histopathological changes, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation, in torsion-detorsion injury in rat ovaries. METHOD: To determine whether ischemia followed by reperfusion can induce ovarian oxidative damage, we created a model of adnexal ischemia-reperfusion by using rats. Ischemia was induced by unilateral occlusion of the tubo-ovarian vessels for 3 h. Reperfusion was achieved by releasing the occlusion and restoring the circulation for 3 h. Thirty-two adult female albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups: sham operation, torsion, saline/detorsion and resveratrol/detorsion. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 360 degrees clockwise adnexal torsion for 3 h. Resveratrol was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion in the resveratrol/detorsion group, and saline was administered in the saline/detorsion group. After 3 h of adnexal detorsion in both of these groups, the rats were killed and adnexa were removed. The tissue levels of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and xanthine oxidase activity were measured. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde and xanthine oxidase levels in the saline/detorsion group were increased significantly when compared to the torsion and sham operation groups (p < 0.001). Malondialdehyde levels in the resveratrol group were lower than in the saline/detorsion group, and differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Xanthine oxidase levels in the resveratrol group were lower than in the saline/detorsion and torsion groups, and differences between these groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Reduced glutathione levels in the saline/detorsion group were decreased significantly when compared to the torsion and sham operation groups. Reduced glutathione levels in the resveratrol group were significantly higher than in the saline/detorsion group (p < 0.006). Histological examination showed a significant improvement in ovarian morphology in the resveratrol-treated rats compared with the ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion groups. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that intraperitoneal resveratrol administration reduced the lipid peroxidation products of ischemic rats and ovarian damage was reduced as indicated by histological examination.     

大鼠子宫内膜损伤模型的建立与评价

目的 建立大鼠子宫内膜损伤模型,并对模型进行评价。方法 选取SD大鼠26只,每只大鼠左侧子宫作为模型组,右侧子宫作为对照组,左侧子宫宫腔注入体积分数95%乙醇0.3~0.5 m L持续5 min建立模型,右侧子宫注入等量生理盐水,术后2个动情周期后切除子宫,观察子宫内膜形态学改变,子宫内膜厚度及内膜损伤程度评分,用免疫组织化学方法检测子宫内膜表面中角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK18)、波形蛋白(vimentin)、整合素β3(integrinβ3)的表达。结果 与对照组相比,模型组子宫质硬、粗细不均,形态不规则,宫壁厚薄不均,HE染色子宫内膜上皮细胞排列紊乱,间质充血、水肿,腺体数量减少,测得子宫内膜厚度明显变薄,损伤程度明显升高,免疫组织化学测得模型组CK18、波形蛋白、整合素β3的表达明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 体积分数95%乙醇可成功、有效地建立大鼠子宫内膜损伤的动物模型。     

A histological investigation concerning the effects of diclofenac sodium to the lung in 4- and 20-week-old rats treated prenatally

Objective.?We aimed to investigate the possible postnatal effects on the lung tissues of the rat offspring treated with diclofenac sodium (DS) during pregnancy.

Methods.?After mating, pregnant female rats were separated into the control (n?=?10) and DS (n?=?10) groups. DS (1?mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) to the drug-treated group for the period of gestational days 5–19. Physiological saline (1?ml, i.p.) was given to the control groups. After birth, pups were separated into DS treatment groups (n?=?24) and control group (n?=?24). The DS and control group animals were anaesthetised with i.p. injection of urethane and their lungs were removed to prepare for histopathological evaluation.

Results.?Histological examination of the lung tissues of the 4- and 20-week-old rats revealed no significant differences between males and females in both the control and DS treated rats.

Conclusion.?Because of the use of DS in the pregnant women further studies are needed in this field.     

孕鼠营养异常对子鼠成年后激素抵抗影响的实验研究

目的 探讨孕鼠营养异常对子鼠成年后胰岛素、瘦素抵抗的影响。方法 36只孕鼠随机分成低蛋白组（低蛋白饲料喂养）、高营养组（高营养饲料喂养）及正常营养组（普通饲料喂养）,每组12只,各组孕鼠均足月自然分娩。正常营养组子鼠为正常体重组,低蛋白组子鼠体重小于孕龄（SGA）为SGA组（体重小于正常体重组子鼠平均体重2s以下）,高营养组子鼠体重大于孕龄（LGA）为LGA组（体重高于正常营养组子鼠平均体重2s以上）,每组子鼠36只。于子鼠出生后4周、12周龄时采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定其胰岛素、瘦素水平及胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）。结果 （1）低蛋白组子鼠体重明显低于正常体重组（P〈0．01）,69％的子鼠为SGA。高营养组子鼠体重明显高于正常体重组（P〈0．01）,38％的子鼠为LGA。（2）子鼠出生4周时,SGA组子鼠与正常体重组比较,体重已无显著差异,肾脏周围脂肪重量（FW）、Fw与体重（BW）比值分别为（0．36±0．14）g．6．5±0．3,显著高于正常体重组的（0．19±0．13）g,3．4±0．3（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;LGA组子鼠FW／BW比值与正常体重组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。子鼠出生12周时,SGA组子鼠体重为（222±19）g,LGA组子鼠体重为（257±24）g,均明显高于正常体重组的（215±25）g（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。SGA组子鼠FW／BW比值为10．5±5．1,LGA组子鼠为11．8±3．6,均明显高于正常体重组的7．2±3．6（P〈0．01）。（3）SGA组子鼠在出生4周时,胰岛素、瘦素水平分别为（5．5±0．9）μg/L、（6．1±0．7）μg／L,ISI为3．4±0．3,与正常体重组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;出生12周时,胰岛素、瘦素水平及ISI的变化与正常体重组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。LGA组子鼠在出生4周时,胰岛素、瘦素水平及ISI分别为（4．0±1．0）μg／L、（5．0±0．3）μg／L及4．1±0．5,与正常体重组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;出生12周时的胰岛素、瘦素水平及ISI与正常体重组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 孕鼠营养异常将导致子鼠出生体重异常,体重异常子鼠在成年后可发生腹型肥胖以及胰岛素、瘦素抵抗。     

Protective effect of aprotinin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovary

AIM: We investigated the effects of aprotinin on reperfusion injury in a controlled experimental rat torsion-detorsion model. METHODS: Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Sham operation was performed in group I; in group II only ovarian torsion was performed. In group III, torsion-detorsion was performed, plus 3 mL/kg saline was injected i.v. 30 min before detorsion. In group IV, torsion-detorsion was performed, plus aprotinin (30,000 KIU/kg) was injected 30 min before detorsion. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 360 degrees clockwise adnexial torsion for 3 h, and the ovaries were harvested. After 3 h of adnexial detorsion, the rats in the saline and aprotinin groups were killed and the adnexa were surgically removed. RESULTS: Ovarian tissue damage scores were significantly different among groups. Ovarian tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels in group III were significantly higher than those of groups I and IV (P<0.05). The serum levels of superoxide dismutase in group III were significantly lower than those of groups I and IV (P=0.01). Tissue and serum xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide, and tissue superoxide dismutase levels were comparable among groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aprotinin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat adnexial torsion-detorsion model.     

基于丹佛模式下的感觉统合训练对2~5岁孤独症谱系障碍患儿交往能力及父母育儿压力的影响

目的探讨基于丹佛模式下的感觉统合训练对2~5岁孤独症谱系障碍患儿交往能力及父母育儿压力的影响。方法选取2018年7月至2019年7月于我院就诊的2~5岁孤独症谱系障碍患儿120例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组给予沙盘游戏和维生素D₃等综合治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以基于丹佛模式下的感觉统合训练。3个月后,采用儿童孤独症行为量表(ABC)、儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)、孤独症治疗评估量表(ATEC)评价患儿核心症状;采用儿童心理教育评估第3版量表(PEP-3)评价患儿交往能力;采用简式育儿压力问卷(PSI-SF)评价父母育儿压力。结果干预后,观察组患儿ABC、CARS、ATEC评分及PSI-SF各项评分均低于对照组,组间均数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患儿PEP-3评分各项高于对照组,组间均数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于丹佛模式下的感觉统合训练应用于2~5岁孤独症谱系障碍患儿中,通过改善患儿核心症状、交往能力,从而有效降低父母育儿压力。