鼻咽癌咽旁间隙侵犯对预后的影响

目的:探讨鼻咽癌咽旁间隙受侵对预后的影响。方法:咽旁间隙的侵犯程度根据SO线(茎突到枕骨大孔中线后缘中点连线)进行划分,无咽旁侵犯记录为0级,SO线以前的咽旁侵犯记录为1级,SO线以后记录为2级。KaplanMeier法计算总生存率、无瘤生存率、无局部复发生存率和无远处转移生存率,Cox模型进行预后的多因素分析。结果:176例患者中,咽旁受侵的发生率为81.8%,其中1级为70.1%,2级为29.9%。咽旁间隙受侵与颈部淋巴结转移有明显相关性,χ2=8.185,P=0.0040。咽旁受侵0、1和2级患者5年总生存率分别为90.2%、75.1%和51.2%,logrank检验值为16.45,P=0.0003;5年无瘤生存率分别为87.2%、71.5%和53.3%,logrank检验值为10.87,P=0.0044;5年无远处转移生存率分别是93.7%、82.2%和62.7%,logrank检验值为9.41,P=0.0091。多因素分析显示,咽旁受侵不是独立的预后因素,但严重咽旁间隙侵犯是影响鼻咽癌总生存、无瘤生存及远处转移的独立预后因素。结论:咽旁侵犯应该根据程度进行划分,单纯咽旁侵犯的有无不能独立的影响预后,但根据咽旁侵犯程度进行分级后,严重的咽旁侵犯是影响总生存、无瘤生存和远处转移的独立预后因素。     

头颈部腺样囊性癌血行转移的临床研究

目的 :观察头颈部腺样囊性癌远处转移情况、影响因素以及其对生存的影响。方法 :回顾性分析 5 1例头颈部腺样囊性癌的临床资料。结果 :远处转移率为 4 1 2 % (2 1 5 1) ;单部位和多部位远处转移分别占 71 4 % (15 2 1)和 2 8 6% (6 2 1) ;肺、骨、肝和脑的转移依次占 81 0 % (17 2 1)、2 3 8% (5 2 1)、14 3% (3 2 1)和 9 5 % (2 2 1)。远处转移的平均发生时间在首次治疗后 5 36年。远处转移组和未远处转移组的生存期、10年生存率分别为 9 81年和 14 31年 ,5 3 8%和 4 1 0 %。远处转移后平均生存期为 2 5 5年 ,2年生存率为 4 7 8%。单纯肺转移组与肺外转移组Log rank检验生存差异有显著性 (P =0 0 32 ) ,其平均生存期、2年生存率分别为 3 4 8年和 1 4 9年 ,72 7%和 2 0 0 %。分析结果还表明 ,远处转移率与患者的性别、年龄、病程长短以及侵犯解剖部位多少无关 ,但与首次手术是否规范 (P =0 0 2 5 )、术后综合治疗是否规范 (是否术后辅以放疗 ) (P =0 0 4 5 )以及是否局部复发 (P =0 0 4 3)相关。结论 :头颈部腺样囊性癌生存期长 ,远处转移率高 ,远处转移出现的时间较晚 ,出现远处转移后患者仍可长期生存。通过根治性手术加术后放疗可能能够降低远处转移率     

诱导化疗联合同期放化疗与同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的对比研究

  目的  比较诱导化疗联合同期放化疗与同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌(LA-NPC)的临床结果及探讨预后因素。  方法  分析2005年1月至2006年12月本院收治的433例无转移LA-NPC患者的临床资料, 按是否行诱导化疗分为诱导化疗联合同期放化疗组(A组)209例与同期放化疗组(B组)224例。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析, 差异比较采用Log-Rank法双侧检验, 预后因素分析采用Cox模型。  结果  A组、B组的3年总生存率(OS)、无局部区域复发生存率(LR-FFS)、无远处转移生存率(D-FFS)、无瘤生存率(FFS)分别为87% vs. 88%、95% vs. 95%、85% vs. 85%、81% vs. 81%;A组、B组的5年OS、LR-FFS、D-FFS、FFS分别为80% vs. 82%(P=0.503), 95% vs. 93%(P=0.673), 82% vs. 82%(P=0.992), 78% vs. 77%(P=0.851)。两组生存差异无统计学意义, 对于Ⅲ期鼻咽癌, A组FFS优于B组(P=0.075)。多因素分析显示老年、临床分期晚、颅神经侵犯、贫血、N分期晚为OS、D-FFS的独立不良预后因素。  结论  与同期放化疗相比, 诱导化疗联合同期放化疗未提高LA-NPC的OS、LR-FFS、D-FFS及FFS, 但具有改善Ⅲ期鼻咽癌FFS的趋势。诱导化疗联合同期放化疗不是鼻咽癌的必选治疗模式。      

鼻咽癌咽旁侵犯程度划分方法对预后的影响

目的:探讨咽旁侵犯对鼻咽癌预后的影响,并对多种咽旁侵犯程度的划分方法进行比较,以寻求能较好反映预后的划分。方法:2000-01-2000-07经病理确诊的初治M0期鼻咽癌患者176例纳入研究。根据4种咽旁划分方法(闵氏、Sham氏、肖氏和Heng氏建议的划分)对咽旁间隙的侵犯程度划分,前瞻性研究其对鼻咽癌预后的影响。结果:鼻咽癌咽旁侵犯的发生率为81.8%(144/176)。有咽旁侵犯和无咽旁侵犯的5年总生存率分别是68.1%和90.2%(P=0.010),5年无瘤生存率分别是66.1%和87.2%(P=0.013),5年无远处转移生存率分别是76.7%和93.6%(P=0.032),5年无局部复发生存率分别是84.9%和93.1%,P=0.220。Cox模型多因素分析显示,咽旁是否侵犯并不是独立预后因素,然而根据程度分级后的咽旁侵犯是影响预后的独立因素。4种咽旁划分同时纳入Cox多因素分析显示,闵氏划分的咽旁侵犯是影响总生存的独立预后因素(HR:2.231;P=0.001),Sham氏划分的咽旁侵犯是影响无瘤生存(HR:1.487;P=0.010)和远处转移(HR:1.246;P=0.009)的独立预后因素...     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子与宫颈癌发生发展的关系

背景与目的:细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(extracellular matrix metalloproteinaseinducer,EMMPRIN,CD147)属于免疫球蛋白家族,在肿瘤细胞中表达增高. EMMPRIN表达增加与肿瘤浸润、转移、耐药以及某些肿瘤细胞的生存相关,但与宫颈癌的关系尚未阐明.本研究旨在确定EMMPRIN是否与宫颈癌发生、发展有关.方法:采用免疫组化法检测21例慢性宫颈炎、22例宫颈上皮内瘤变3级(cervicalintraepithelial neoplasia,CIN3)、82例宫颈浸润癌原发灶和22例转移淋巴结中EMMPRIN的表达,并比较EMMPRIN在宫颈病变不同阶段的表达.结果:随着宫颈病变的发展,EMMPRIN过表达阳性率明显升高:宫颈浸润癌中过表达阳性率(52.4%)>CIN3(21.3%)>慢性宫颈炎(O%)(P=0.000).宫颈原发灶EMMPRIN的过表达与盆腔淋巴结转移呈正相关,有转移组原发灶EMMPRIN过表达为72.7%,无转移组为45.0%,两组间差异有显著性(P=0.026).在有淋巴结转移的患者中,原发灶和转移灶中EMMPRIN的过表达差异无显著性(72.7%vs54.5%,P=0.210).EMMPRIN过表达与其他临床病理因素如临床分期、病理类型、组织学分级、脉管浸润、肿瘤大小、浸润深度等无明显相关性.采用Kaplan-Meier方法和Log-Rank 检验,单因素分析生存率,宫颈癌EMMPRIN的过表达无任何预后价值,淋巴结转移、深肌层浸润和脉管侵犯提示生存预后差.所有上述因素进入COX 比例风险模型多因素分析,采用 Backward LR方法,显示淋巴结转移与患者生存相关(P=0.006;HR=0.380;95%可信区间:0.190～0.763).结论:EMMPRIN与宫颈癌侵袭转移相关,在宫颈癌的发生、发展中起着重要作用.     

120例分化型甲状腺癌随访8年的预后因素分析

背景与目的:由于分化型甲状腺癌病程长、预后好,难以组织大规模、多中心的随机临床研究,在我国也没有分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗共识,影响预后的因素也鲜有大宗报道,本研究旨在探讨不同手术方式、组织学类型及肿瘤分期对分化型甲状腺癌患者预后的影响,寻找可预测分化型甲状腺癌患者预后的指标。方法:本研究回顾性分析1995年1月—2005年12月北京大学第一医院普通外科收治的可供分析的分化型甲状腺癌120例,平均随访8年,应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析及COX多因素回归模型分析颈部淋巴结清扫、甲状腺全切、组织学类型及肿瘤分期与无病生存率及总生存率的关系。结果:经过平均96.6个月随访,无病生存率为78.3%,总生存率为94.2%。疾病分期晚的患者无病生存率低(P=0.029);滤泡状癌较乳头状癌无病生存率低(P=0.001),总生存率低(P=0.003)。是否行颈部淋巴结清扫及甲状腺全切对预后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肿瘤分期、组织学类型是分化型甲状腺癌主要的预后影响因素。     

1 401 例甲状腺微小乳头状癌临床病理特征及中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析*

目的:探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌（papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC）患者的临床病理特征及中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2014年1 月至2014年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院甲状腺颈部肿瘤科收治的1 401 例具有完整病例资料的甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者临床病理特征,应用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归模型分析中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果:临床病理特征方面,PTMC 男女性别比约1:3.4,其中央区淋巴结转移率为30.5% 。单因素分析显示发病年龄（χ2= 14.587,P < 0.01）、性别（χ2= 21.636,P < 0.01）、原发灶数目（χ2= 35.505,P < 0.01）、肿瘤最大直径（χ2= 58.868,P < 0.01）、肿瘤位置（χ2= 8.385,P < 0.05）及被膜外/ 腺外侵犯（χ2= 26.481,P < 0.01）均与中央区淋巴结转移有显著性差异。肿瘤处于甲状腺下极时,中央区淋巴结转移率最高（48.1%）。 多因素Logistic回归分析显示男性、年龄< 45岁、肿瘤直径> 6 mm、被膜外/ 腺外侵犯及双侧多发癌灶为PTMC 患者中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:具备男性、年龄< 45岁、肿瘤直径> 6 mm、腺外侵犯及双侧甲状腺受累等特征的PTMC 患者较易发生中央区淋巴结转移,建议行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫。      

青少年甲状腺癌患者的生存状况分析

目的：分析青少年甲状腺癌患者的生存状况及影响患者生存率和生存时间的因素。方法选择接受手术治疗的青少年甲状腺癌患者62例。统计患者的生存率和生存时间,应用Log-rank检验及Cox模型分析影响患者生存状况的因素。结果62例青少年甲状腺癌患者术后随访时间为60～106个月,半数无病生存时间为92个月,3年无病生存率为91．94％,5年无病生存率为85．48％,10年无病生存率为77．42％。影响青少年甲状腺癌患者术后生存状况的相关因素：性别、原发灶大小、包膜外侵犯、T分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移、手术方式、131 I治疗、临床分期。 Cox比例风险回归模型显示,包膜外侵犯、远处转移、手术方式和临床分期这4个因素均是影响青少年甲状腺癌患者术后生存状态的的独立因素。结论包膜外侵犯、远处转移、手术方式和临床分期是影响青少年甲状腺癌患者术后生存状况的独立因素,患者应尽早确诊,积极进行手术治疗,以提高生存率。     

男性乳腺癌125例患者的临床病理特征与生存分析

目的:探讨男性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征以及治疗和生存情况,并进行预后相关因素的分析.方法:回顾性分析1961年1月-2011年12月共125例男性乳腺癌患者的病历资料和随访资料.采用log-rank检验和COX回归模型分析与男性乳腺癌患者预后相关的因素.结果:125例男性乳腺癌患者的5年总生存率为60.5％,5年无病生存率为54.8％.单因素分析结果显示,是否有恶性肿瘤家族史(P=0.041)、肿瘤大小(P＝0.005)、临床TNM分期(P=0.005)、腋窝淋巴结是否转移(P=0.013)和是否行乳腺癌根治术(P=0.016)是与男性乳腺癌患者总生存率相关的预后因素,而是否有恶性肿瘤家族史(P=0.015)、肿瘤大小(P=0.000)、临床TNM分期(P=0.002)和腋窝淋巴结是否转移(P=0.010)是与男性乳腺癌患者无病生存率相关的预后因素.COX回归模型分析结果显示,肿瘤大小(P=0.045)、腋窝淋巴结是否转移(P=0.026)和是否行乳腺癌根治术(P=0.000)是与总生存率相关的独立预后因素,而肿瘤大小(P=0.010)和是否行乳腺癌根治术(P=0.001)是与无病生存率相关的独立预后因素.结论:肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结是否转移和是否行乳腺癌根治术是影响男性乳腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素,早期诊断以及以乳腺癌根治术为主的综合治疗措施是提高男性乳腺癌患者生存率的关键.     

基于SEER数据库的肝内胆管细胞癌肺转移危险因素及预后分析

目的 分析肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC)患者肺转移的危险因素及探讨ICC肺转移患者的预后。方法 提取美国(The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SEER)数据库2010～2015年间诊断为ICC患者的临床、病理及随访资料,依据是否发生肺转移,将患者分为肺转移组(lung metastasis)和无肺转移组(without lung metastasis)。应用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,并用Log-Rank检验比较各组生存曲线间的差异。使用Logistic回归进行危险因素分析。使用COX比例风险回归模型进行预后分析。结果 共纳入1125例ICC患者,其中肺转移组患者111例(9.9%),无肺转移组患者1014例(90.1%)。女性(P=0.005),手术或微创操作(P<0.001)是ICC患者发生肺转移的保护因素;而T分期Ⅲ期(P=0.006),淋巴结转移阳性(P<0.001)是ICC患者发生肺转移的危险因素。化疗(P=0.009)是ICC肺转移...     

Determining of metastatic lymph node ratio in patients who underwent D2 dissection for gastric cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine outcome of the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to the total number of dissected lymph nodes (MLR) in patients with gastric cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 111 patients who underwent D₂ lymph node dissection. The prognostic factors including UICC/AJCC TNM classification and MLR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. The MLR was significantly higher in patients with a larger tumor, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion and perineural invasion, and advanced stage. Moreover, the MLR was significantly associated with the depth of invasion and the number of lymph node metastasis. The univariate analysis revealed for overall survival (OS) that stage of disease, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis (UICC/AJCC pN stage) and MLR were relevant prognostic indicators. Furthermore, both UICC/AJCC pN stage and MLR were detected as prognostic factor by multivariate analysis, as was perineural invasion. Our results indicated that MLR and UICC/AJCC pN staging system were important prognostic factors for OS of patients with D₂ lymph node dissection in gastric cancer in a multivariate analysis. MLR may be useful for evaluating the status of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.     

Difference between papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma outcomes: an experience from Egyptian institution

Objective

Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) are classified into papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). DTCs are analyzed as a single group in clinical studies that investigated the prognostic factors and prognosis of these malignancies. However, the biological behaviors of these carcinomas significantly differ. In the present study, we aimed to detect differences in the outcomes between PTC and FTC in Mansoura University Hospital in Egypt.

Methods

A total of 558 patients with histologically proven thyroid carcinomas from January 2003 to December 2012 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical and pathological data of patients were reviewed.

Results

Large primary tumor size, lymph node involvement, extrathyroid extension, and distant metastasis were significant poor prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in old PTC patients. Cox hazard analysis showed that the patient’s age, extra thyroid extension, and distant metastasis were the only independent prognostic factors. In FTC patients, only the distant metastasis and degree of tumor invasion were significant poor prognostic factors in OS univariate analysis. However, these factors were nonsignificant in multivariate analysis. The 10-year OS rates were 97% and 89% for PTC and FTC, respectively (P=0.003). The 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 77.2% in PTC vs. 65% in FTC (P=0.179).

Conclusion

The significant prognostic factors vary between the two types of DTCs. Therefore, PTC and FTC patients need to be analyzed and reported independently. PTC survival is widely and significantly affected by age, extrathyroid extension, and distant metastasis. By contrast, these factors were nonsignificant in FTC, which showed poorer survival than PTC.KEYWORDS : Thyroid cancer, differentiated thyroid, papillary, follicular, Egypt     

甲状腺乳头状癌合并桥本甲状腺炎的颈淋巴结转移特点及相关因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)合并桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto,s thyroiditis,HT)患者颈淋巴结转移的临床特点及其相关因素,为颈淋巴结清扫术的选择提供临床依据.方法:对2006年1月-2011年12月在本科接受外科手术的205例PTC合并HT患者颈淋巴结转移的临床特点及相关影响因素进行回顾性分析.这些患者均接受了颈淋巴结清扫术.结果:PTC合并HT患者的颈淋巴结转移率为52.7％ (108/205),颈淋巴结转移遵循以中央区为第1站的规律,中央区淋巴结转移率(50.2％,103/205)高于侧颈区淋巴结转移率(15.1％,31/205) (P=0.000).性别(r=0.009,P=0.904)、术前血清促甲状腺激素水平(r=-0.050,P=0.536)和原发肿瘤病灶数(r=0.119,P＝0.096)均与淋巴结转移无明显相关性;年龄(r=-0.140,P=0.043)、原发肿瘤大小(r=0.185,P=0.010)和肿瘤外侵(r=-0.340,P=0.010)均与淋巴结转移相关.结论:鉴于PTC合并HT患者颈中央区淋巴结转移率较高,应常规行中央区淋巴结清扫术;侧颈区淋巴结由于转移假阳性率较高,因此在考虑行淋巴结清扫时应持谨慎态度.对于青少年或年龄≥45岁、原发肿瘤较大以及肿瘤外侵的患者,可酌情考虑Ⅰ期行侧颈区淋巴结清扫术.     

New subgrouping of small thyroid carcinomas

Clinicopathologic findings on small thyroid carcinomas measuring 10 mm or less in diameter were analyzed in 78 thyroidectomied cases. The authors divided small thyroid tumors into two subgroups according to diameter: 0 less than or equal to 5 mm (classified as minute carcinoma) and 5 less than 0 less than or equal to 10 mm (classified as tiny carcinomas). Characteristics including sex, age, histologic type, extrathyroid invasion, and lymph node metastasis were examined in each subgroup. In patients with minute carcinoma, very few incidences of extrathyroid invasion and lymph node metastasis were found. However, these involvements, especially lymph node metastasis, were found more frequently in patients with tiny carcinoma. The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 13% in minute carcinoma and 59% in tiny carcinoma. (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest the need for more careful observation and treatment of tiny carcinomas, especially with respect to lymph node metastasis. In accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the histologic types of thyroid carcinoma were classified into papillary and follicular carcinomas. The papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma ratios were compared between the two subgroups. The discovery rate of follicular carcinoma was significantly higher in minute carcinoma than in tiny carcinoma (P less than 0.005). This suggests that the papillary carcinoma/follicular carcinoma ratio (p/f) increases as the size of the carcinoma increases, and that follicular carcinoma is the "seed," or initial form, of thyroid cancer. The female-male ratio in small thyroid cancer suggests that there is no sex difference in carcinogenesis but that there is more probability for cancer development in the thyroid in women.     

1 368例结直肠癌TNM分期及预后分析

  目的  研究我国不同TNM分期的结直肠癌治疗后的生存情况及其影响因素,以帮助判断预后。  方法  使用SPSS 19.0软件对1985年1月至2005年12月间于浙江大学医学院附属第二医院经手术病理证实的1 368例结直肠癌患者的19个临床及病理因素进行分析,单因素分析时采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank法比较生存率差异。多因素分析时采用Cox风险比例模型,得出影响结直肠癌患者预后的独立因素。按AJCC第七版TNM分期标准,对所有患者进行分期。  结果  1 368例患者3、5、10年总生存率分别为67.5%、60.2%、53.5%;根治术后3、5、10年生存率分别为77.6%、69.9%、62.4%。按AJCC第七版TNM分期,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的5年生存率分别为90.1%、72.6%、53.8%、10.4%。Cox模型多因素分析发现肿瘤浸润深度、转移淋巴结数、送检淋巴结总数、邻近器官受累、远处转移、手术方式和术后感染等7个因素是影响结直肠癌预后的主要独立因素。尤其是ⅡC期患者的5年生存率（44.8%）低于ⅢA期（79.6%）、ⅢB期（58.0%）,上述各因素的生存曲线比较其差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。  结论  肿瘤浸润深度、转移淋巴结数、送检标本淋巴结总数、邻近器官受累、远处转移、手术方式和术后感染等7个因素是影响结直肠癌预后的主要独立因素。原发肿瘤的浸润深度对于Ⅱ/Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者的预后可能更有提示作用。      

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas defined on the basis of mitosis and necrosis: a clinicopathologic study of 58 patients

BACKGROUND: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC) occupy an intermediate position at the prognostic level on the spectrum of thyroid carcinoma progression. However, their histologic definition is controversial. The objective of the current study was to assess the prognostic significance of PDTC defined on the basis of mitosis and necrosis and search for prognostic markers within this group of tumors that are predictive of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS: PDTC was defined as thyroid carcinoma with follicular cell differentiation at the histologic and/or immunohistochemical levels and displaying tumor necrosis and/or > or = 5 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (x400). Retrospective chart review and microscopic examination identified 58 patients with primary tumors meeting the above criteria and seen at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1992 and 2004. These 58 patients were analyzed for various histologic, clinical, and imaging parameters. Each parameter was correlated with OS and PFS. RESULTS: Of the 58 patients studied, 22 (38%) patients died of disease with a 5-year OS rate of 60%. Forty-three of the 58 patients (74%) developed disease recurrence or disease progression, with a 5-year PFS rate of 25%. The median follow-up for the entire patient population was 42.6 months (range, 4-205 mos). A tumor size > 4 cm was found to be correlated with a decreased PFS time (P < 0.001). Those tumors with a capsule demonstrated a significantly improved OS compared with unencapsulated tumors (P = 0.001). The extent of capsular invasion was found to be a significant adverse factor for PFS (P = 0.05). The presence of extrathyroid extension into perithyroid soft tissue was found to be correlated with a decreased OS (P = 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.004). Of 27 patients with distant metastasis, 19 (70%) had concentrated radioactive iodine (RAI) at their metastatic sites. On multivariate analysis, extrathyroid extension and tumor size emerged as the only significant variables in predicting PFS (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively) whereas extrathyroid extension was found to be the sole independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.01). Growth pattern and cell type did not appear to influence outcome. CONCLUSIONS: PDTC defined on the basis of mitosis and necrosis constitutes a group of tumors that is more aggressive and homogeneous than PDTC defined by growth pattern. Within this group of patients, microstaging (tumor size, the extent of capsular invasion, and, especially, extrathyroid extension), and not growth pattern or cell type, is able to stratify patients into different prognostic categories. RAI uptake occurs in a significant number of patients with PDTC.     

行根治术治疗食管癌和贲门癌患者的预后分析

目的 探讨食管癌和贲门癌患者行根治术治疗后的预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析906例行根治术治疗的食管癌和贲门癌患者的临床资料,选择12个可能对患者预后产生影响的特征性临床病理因素,运用Cox比例风险模型进行预后分析.结果 906例患者的1、3、5年累积生存率分别为89.8%、75.4%和71.7%.单因素分析结果显示,年龄、病理类型、病变长度、淋巴结转移数、临床分期、浸润深度、周围器官受侵情况与行根治手术治疗的食管癌和贲门癌患者的预后有关.Cox比例风险模型多因素分析结果显示,病理类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移数、周围器官受侵情况为行根治手术治疗的食管癌和贲门癌患者预后的独立影响因素.结论 病理类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移数、周围器官受侵情况为行根治手术治疗的食管癌和贲门癌患者预后的独立影响因素,临床医师在实际工作中可以参考借鉴.     

Stage as major long term outcome predictor in minor salivary gland carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The myriad of histologic types and anatomic sites of occurrence make minor salivary gland carcinomas the most heterogeneous group of carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Many publications addressing this group consider different subsections, making it hard to get a clear picture of long term treatment results and of modifying prognostic factors. METHODS: Overall survival, disease specific survival, and percentage rates for no recurrence in all 55 patients with a minor salivary gland carcinoma, treated at the Netherlands Cancer Institute from 1973 to 1994, were calculated and compared to the results in major salivary gland carcinoma patients. Major prognostic factors were univariately analyzed. The median period of follow-up time for patients alive at the end of follow-up was 134 months. RESULTS: The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 66% and 57%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease specific survival rates (DSS) were 76% and 74%, respectively; and the 5- and 10-year recurrence-free rates were 63% and 60%, respectively. Prognostic for overall survival were age (P = 0.0005), site of occurrence (P = 0.0001), and the International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) Tumor, Node, and Metastases (TNM) classification and stage regrouping system (P = 0.0001). Factors predicting DSS were site of occurrence (P < 0.0001) and the UICC/AJCC TNM classification and stage regrouping (P < 0.0001). In surgical patients, histologic evidence for metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.0037) and vascular invasion (P = 0.0051) conferred a lower DSS. Tumor recurrence was predicted by the UICC/AJCC TNM classification and stage regrouping (P = 0.0001). In surgical patients, soft tissue invasion (P = 0. 0085) predicted tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Sixty percent of patients treated for minor salivary gland carcinoma were free of tumor ten years later. This equals the result in major salivary gland carcinoma patients. The recent UICC/AJCC TNM classification and stage regrouping are confirmed as major predictors of outcome.     

Clinical and Pathological Factors Related to the Prognosis of Chinese Patients with Stage Ⅰb To Ⅱb Cervical Cancer

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the clinical and pathological factors related to theprognosis of Chinese patients with stage Ⅰb to Ⅱb cervical cancer. Methods and Results: 13 clinical pathologicalfactors in 255 patients with stage Ⅰb to Ⅱb cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and systematiclymphadenectomy were analyzed to screen for factors related to prognosis. The cumulative 5-year survival ofthe 255 patients was 75.7%. The result of the univariate analysis suggested that clinical stage, cell differentiation,depth of cervical stromal invasion, parametrial tissue involvement, and lymph node metastasis were prognosticfactors for patients with stage Ⅰb to Ⅱb cervical cancer (P <0.05). Compared with cases with involvement of iliacnodes, obturator nodes, or inguinal lymph nodes, cases with metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes had apoorer prognosis (P <0.05). Cases with involvement of four or more lymph nodes had a poorer prognosis thanthose with involvement of three or fewer lymph nodes (P <0.05). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazardsmodel regression analysis, non-squamous histological type, poor differentiation, parametrial tissue involvement,and outer 1/3 stromal invasion were found to be independently related to patients poor prognosis (P <0.05).Conclusion: Non-squamous histological type, poor cell differentiation, parametrial tissue involvement, andouter 1/3 stromal invasion are the independent poor prognostic factors for patients with stage Ⅰb to Ⅱb cervicalcancer.     

新疆146例分化型甲状腺癌患者的预后因素分析

为了探讨影响新疆地区分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者预后的相关因素,回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2002-01-2006-12收治的146例DTC患者的临床资料,用Kaplan-Meier法分析患者的总生存率,用Log-rank检验和Cox模型对影响患者生存的临床病理因素和治疗方法进行单因素和多因素分析.患者5年总生存率为91.8％.单因素分析结果显示,性别、年龄、族别、地区分布、原发肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、远处转移、肿瘤侵犯程度、口服甲状腺素片以及吸碘治疗,10个因素是患者预后的影响因素(P值均＜0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄、淋巴结转移、远处转移以及肿瘤侵犯程度为影响患者预后的独立因素.初步研究结果提示,对于新疆不同民族DTC的患者,年龄＜45岁、无远处转移、无淋巴结转移及包膜内型患者的生存率高,预后好.