乳管镜在乳腺导管隆起性病变中的诊断价值

目的:评价纤维乳管镜在乳头溢液中诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变的价值.方法:应用BladeFVY-780型纤维乳管镜,配备FVS检查系统对115例乳头溢液病人进行检查诊断,手术病例与术后病理诊断作比较.结果:115例乳头溢液病人发现乳管内隆起性病变53例,导管内乳头状瘤28例,导管内乳头状瘤病24例,乳腺癌1例.术后病理证实导管内乳头状瘤26例,导管内乳头状瘤病21例,乳腺导管内癌1例.2例导管内乳头状瘤诊断为导管扩张.3例导管内乳头状瘤病诊为单发乳管内乳头状瘤,乳腺癌1例.结论:乳管镜能明确乳头溢液病因,确定病变部位,在诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变中准确率高,是诊断以乳头溢液为症状的乳腺导管隆起性病变的首选检查方法.     

乳管镜在乳腺导管隆起性病变中的诊断价值

目的：评价纤维乳管镜在乳头溢液中诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变的价值。方法：应用BladeFVY-780型纤维乳管镜,配备FVS检查系统对115例乳头溢液病人进行检查诊断,手术病例与术后病理诊断作比较。结果：115例乳头溢液病人发现乳管内隆起性病变53例,导管内乳头状瘤28例,导管内乳头状瘤病24例,乳腺癌1例。术后病理证实导管内乳头状瘤26例,导管内乳头状瘤病21例,乳腺导管内癌1例。2例导管内乳头状瘤诊断为导管扩张。3例导管内乳头状瘤病诊为单发乳管内乳头状瘤,乳腺癌1例。结论：乳管镜能明确乳头溢液病因,确定病变部位,在诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变中准确率高,是诊断以乳头溢液为症状的乳腺导管隆起性病变的首选检查方法。     

乳管内乳头状瘤的现代诊治--附89例报告

目的研究纤维乳管内视镜诊断乳管内乳头状瘤的价值及合理的治疗模式.方法分析我院1996年8月-2001年12月不同方法诊治的乳管内乳头状瘤89例,总结乳头状瘤的诊断、易发部位、定位方法以及治疗评价.结果乳管内乳头状瘤表现以血性及浆液性溢液最常见,占98.7%,1、2级导管多发,占88.6%.纤维乳管内视镜检查乳头状瘤有特征性图象,诊断准确率可达91.7%,可以术前定位病变.导管和区段切除治疗效果满意.结论乳管内视镜是目前导管内乳头状瘤的最佳检查手段,治疗有向微创手术发展的趋势.     

乳管内乳头状瘤的现代诊治——附89例报告

目的：研究纤维乳管内视镜诊断乳管内乳头状瘤的价值及合理的治疗模式。方法：分析我院1996年8月-2001年12月不同方法诊治的乳管内乳头状瘤89例，总结乳头状瘤的诊断、易发部位、定位方法以及治疗评价。结果：乳管内乳头状瘤表现以血性及浆液性溢液最常见，占98．7％，1、2级导管多发，占88．6％。纤维乳管内视镜检查乳头状瘤有特征性图象，诊断准确率可达91．7％，可以术前定位病变。导管和区段切除治疗效果满意。结论：乳管内视镜是目前导管内乳头状瘤的最佳检查手段，治疗有向微创手术发展的趋势。     

应用纤维乳管镜诊治乳头溢液的临床经验

目的:探讨乳管内视镜诊断治疗乳头溢液疾病的价值。方法:对2006年5月～2007年2月在我院门诊行纤维乳管镜诊治的33例乳头溢液病例进行回顾分析,总结其内镜检查和相关辅助检查结果,并进行随访,对诊断情况和治疗效果进行初步评价。结果:33例乳头溢液患者,纤维乳管镜检查诊断乳管内乳头状瘤16例,乳腺癌3例,乳管炎5例,乳管扩张7例,2例未见异常。诊断符合率乳管内乳头状瘤、乳腺癌分别为62.5%和66.7%,乳管炎和乳管扩张均为100%,总体符合率为71.4%。同样病例超声、钼靶检查阳性发现率较低。结论:纤维乳管镜为乳头溢液患者特异性较高的检查,病理符合率较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

乳管镜在病理性乳头溢液诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨乳管内窥镜(FDS)在病理性乳头溢液疾病诊治中的临床应用价值,为其诊断和治疗提供依据。方法回顾2012年7月至2014年2月在宁夏医科大学总医院肿瘤医院行乳管镜检查的106例病理性乳头溢液患者的临床资料,对乳管内窥镜下所见和术后病理结果进行统计学分析。结果 106例均检查成功,乳管镜诊断乳腺导管扩张症42例(39.6%),导管内乳头状瘤58例(54.7%),导管内癌6例(5.7%)。共有68例乳头溢液患者接受了手术治疗。术后病理诊断符合率:导管内乳头状瘤84.5%(49/58),导管内癌83.3%(5/6),总符合率为84.4%。结论乳管镜是病理性乳头溢液最有效的检查方法,乳管镜能直接观察到乳管内病变,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。     

乳管镜定位下乳腺导管内肿瘤切除术的临床应用

目的：探索乳管内窥镜（FDS）定位下对乳腺导管内新生物切除的可行性并总结经验。方法：分析我院2004年9月～2006年11月间FDS检查的548例乳头溢液病例资料，并选择乳管镜发现导管内新生物手术的病例．对镜下乳管内新生物的图象特征，诊断、手术方式和术后病理进行分析。结果：548例乳头溢液病例中，FDS下诊断乳管内新生物187倒（34．1％），其中乳管内乳头状痛159倒（29．0％），乳管内乳头状瘤病12例（2．2％），乳腺癌16例（2．9％）、135例在我院接受手术治疗，91例在FDS定位下再行肿瘤切除或区段切除手术，44例按常规经溢液乳管内注射染料关蓝，再行选择性区段切除，FDS定位下手术组FDS诊断符合率97．8％（89／91）明显高于传统手术组86．4％（38／44）（χ^2=6．96，P=0．008）。结论：FDS不仅是诊断乳腺导管内新生物的可靠方法，而且可以帮助手术中定位切除乳腺导管内新生物。FDS定位下手术能够避免手术盲目性，为病灶的切除提供可靠的帮助．     

乳管内视镜下导管内肿瘤的诊断和处理

目的 :探讨乳管内视镜对导管内乳头状瘤和导管内癌的诊断价值和处理的指导意义。方法 :对1998年 11月～ 2 0 0 0年 8月 6 8例乳管内隆起性病变中乳头状瘤及导管内癌的乳管内视镜下特征及处理进行分析和总结。结果 :6 8例乳管内隆起性病变中诊断导管内乳头状瘤 6 1例 ,术后证实乳头状瘤 55例 ,准确性为 90 .2 % ;诊断导管内癌 7例 ,术后均被证实 ,准确性为 10 0 %。乳管内视镜下导管内乳头状瘤及导管内癌各有其形态特征。全部患者经乳管内视镜定位后进行了手术。结论 :乳管内视镜对导管内乳头状瘤和导管内癌的诊断准确性高 ,其病变定位功能可指导手术范围。     

纤维乳管内视镜在354例乳头溢液中的应用经验

目的:利用乳管内视镜对乳腺导管腔进行检查,直接观察乳腺导管内的病变,确定引起乳头溢液的乳腺疾病的性质,提供可以提高诊断准确性的方法.方法:利用纤维乳管镜FVS-3000M系统对354例乳头溢液患者进行检查,观察溢液导管及其分支的管腔和管壁结构,发现并确定病灶位置,记录病变导管的形态特征,必要时用活检针取组织送病检,对资料进行回顾性分析.结果:血性液和浆液血性液中乳头状瘤和乳头状瘤病占72.3%,乳腺导管癌占5.2%,22.5%为导管炎、导管扩张等;水样液中乳头状瘤和乳头状瘤病占56.0%,乳腺癌占8.0%;5例未发现异常的病例视为正常.结论:乳管内视镜可以明确引起乳头溢液疾病的病因、确定病变部位,从而提高早期乳腺癌的发现率.     

乳头血性溢液的临床病理特点与治疗

目的 探讨乳头血性溢液的临床病理特点和治疗方式,为乳头血性溢液的临床诊断和治疗选择最佳方案提供依据.方法 回顾性分析435例病理性乳头溢液患者的临床资料.对比分析血性溢液与非血性溢液的临床病理特点和血性溢液病例中,良、恶性病变的临床资料以及不同的手术方式.结果 血性溢液组58.9%的病例为导管内乳头状瘤,而非血性溢液组最为常见的是增生性疾病(38.7%).血性溢液组乳腺癌占14.0%,非血性溢液组乳腺癌占7.0%. 在影像学诊断上,MRI与乳管内视镜可更有效发现病变.乳管镜引导下的切除手术比亚甲兰染色法更准确和安全.结论 血性溢液最常见的疾病是导管内乳头状瘤,而非血性溢液多是增生性疾病所致.若血性溢液合并有临床可触及的肿块则应警惕乳腺癌的存在.乳管镜引导下的切除手术可准确定位,是一种安全有效的方法.     

乳管镜在乳腺导管内肿瘤诊断及治疗中的应用

目的：评价乳管镜在乳腺导管内肿瘤临床诊治中的作用及应用价值。方法：我科2013年1月－2014年6月经门诊乳管镜诊治乳头溢液患者共1709人次,其中诊断为乳腺导管内肿瘤患者123例,在我科行手术治疗患者105人,回顾性分析其术前诊断、术后病检及治疗过程。结果：123例患者在乳管镜下见乳腺导管内肿瘤样病变,105人行病变导管及所属腺叶部分切除术,术后病检85例确诊为乳腺导管内乳头状瘤,5例确诊为乳腺导管内原位癌,3例确诊为乳腺浸润性导管癌,12例确诊为乳腺囊肿等其他良性病变。结论：乳管镜可早期发现乳腺导管内肿瘤,是诊治及手术定位的重要辅助手段。     

纤维乳管镜对乳腺导管内肿瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨纤维乳管内窥镜（简称“纤维乳管镜”）对乳腺导管内肿瘤的诊断价值。方法：66例单侧单孔血性乳头溢液的患者入院行手术治疗,术前均同时行纤维乳管镜检查及超声检查,回顾性分析其术前检查诊断与病理符合情况。结果：66例血性乳头溢液患者,病理证实乳腺导管内肿瘤59例（其中导管内乳头状瘤47例,导管内乳头状瘤伴上皮非典型增生4例,导管内癌8例）,导管内肿瘤发生率89．39％（59／66）,导管内肿瘤伴非典型增生（癌前病变）及导管内癌发生率18．18％（12／66）;单纯导管扩张症7例,发生率10．61％（7／66）。59例病理所示导管内肿瘤的患者乳管镜检查阳性57例（包括导管内乳头状瘤伴上皮非典型增生4例,导管内癌8例）,阴性2例,导管内肿瘤诊断率96．61％（57／59）。超声检查阳性30例（包括导管内乳头状瘤伴上皮非典型增生1例,导管内癌3例）,阴性29例,导管内肿瘤诊断率50．85％（30／59）,二者比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：血性乳头溢液患者乳腺导管内肿瘤发生率较高,纤维乳管镜检查显著提高乳腺导管内肿瘤（包括导管内癌）的诊断率,对乳腺导管内肿瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

Fiberoptic ductoscopy of the breast: a new diagnostic procedure for nipple discharge.

A fiberoptic ductoscopy system was successfully developed by means of which we were able to observe the duct cavity of the breast. Two kinds of silicafiberscopes with outer diameters 0.80 and 0.45 mm were used in the present study. Fiberoptic ductoscopy was applied to 52 ducts in 46 patients with nipple discharge for whom no tumor was palpable; the intraductal appearance could be observed in 47 ducts from 41 patients (90.3%). Fourteen ducts from 13 patients were operated upon and were histologically diagnosed as carcinoma (four cases), intraductal papilloma (nine ducts from eight patients) and mastitis (one case). The internal surface of a normal duct was lustrous and smooth. Cancer growing on the surface of a duct wall appeared white and was slightly elevated, forming a bridging structure. The intraductal papillomas formed intraductal solid nodules, being yellow in most cases and red at the site of hemorrhage. Fiberoptic ductoscopy can be used to recognize the growth of minute intraductal lesions in cases of nipple discharge. Clinical endoscopic diagnosis for minute intraductal lesions will make an important contribution to the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of nipple involvement in intraductal carcinoma.     

Intraductal papilloma with bloody discharge from montgomery’s areolar tubercle examined by ductoscopy from the areola

A patient with intraductal papilloma who had abnormal bloody discharge from Montgomery's areolar tubercle underwent mammary ductography, mammary ductoscopy from the tubercle, and microdochectomy.A 43-year-old woman who was being followed-up for left breast cancer noticed bloody discharge from Montgomery's areolar tubercle of the right breast. Because the discharge continued for 2 months, further examinations were conducted. Mammary ductoscopy of Montgomery's areolar tubercle showed a normal internal duct structure. The presence of yellowish superficial lesions suggested intraductal inflammation or superficial hyperplasia of the duct epithelium. Lavage cytology revealed benign papillary lesions. Since the discharge continued and we could not completely exclude malignancy, microdochectomy was performed. Histologically a lactiferous duct was connected to Montgomery's areolar tubercle and an intraductal papilloma was seen in part and considered to have caused the bloody discharge. Bloody discharge from Montgomery's areola tubercles is extremely rare, the present case was our first experience with ductoscopy of Montgomery's areolar tubercle out of 641 cases of mammary ductoscopy performed on patients with bloody nipple discharge from 1998 to 2004. In our case, Montgomery's areolar tubercles were connected to a lactiferous duct. Although there are a few breast carcinomas that cause bloody discharge and eruption of areola, areolar preservation should be performed with the knowledge that disease may also involve the areola through the lactiferous ducts.     

乳管内视镜定位在乳导管解剖术中的应用

目的 探讨乳管内视镜直视下金属线定位用于引导乳头溢液患者导管解剖手术的价值.方法 174例经乳管内视镜确诊为乳管内占位性病变的乳头溢液患者接受了乳导管解剖术,其中68例术前在乳管内视镜直视下,将带倒勾的金属丝送至病灶处固定,并标记体表投影,以定位金属丝为引导实施乳导管解剖术,术中冰冻病理取材循定位导丝寻找病灶;另外106例采用传统的术中置平头针法或经溢液乳孔注射美兰法,作为对照.结果 乳管内视镜定位组68例患者中,导管内乳头状瘤64例,导管原位癌4例,恶性率为5.9%,一次性病灶切除率、病理诊断与乳管内视镜诊断符合率均为100.0%,术后无一例发生局部变形.对照组106例患者中,导管内乳头状瘤96例,导管原位癌6例,恶性率为5.7%,乳腺腺病4例,一次性病灶切除率为77.4%,病理诊断与乳管内视镜诊断符合率为96.2%,术后26例发生局部变形.结论 乳管内视镜直视下金属线定位引导乳导管解剖术具有定位精确、创伤小、冰冻病理取材准确、无局部乳腺组织变形等优点,既能提高乳腺导管疾病的诊断率,又能减少乳腺组织损伤,值得进一步研究与推广.     

乳管内视镜在诊断伴乳头溢液的乳腺癌中的应用

目的：研究乳腺导管内视镜在诊断伴乳头溢液的乳腺癌方面的临床应用价值。方法：1997年10月-1999年8月共对393例乳头溢液患者进行乳管内视镜检查,其中发现乳腺癌11例,对此11例患者的乳管内镜下表现进行研究及随访。结果：乳管内视镜下乳腺癌具有较特异的管壁及管腔改变。如斑片样隆起和异常出血。新生物的表现似无特征性。乳管内视镜诊断的敏感度为82%（9/11）,特异度为98.7%。由于乳管镜的定位使得５例未Men及肿块的患者也顺利的进行了手术活检。且病理证实皆为导管内癌（DCIS）伴或不伴灶性浸润。结论：乳管内视镜在诊断乳腺癌方面具有早期诊断、定位病灶、引导活检等多方面应用价值。对于乳管内视镜发现的可疑病灶应该进一步尽早取得组织学确诊。     

Mammary ductoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of intraductal lesions of the breast

BACKGROUND: Mammary ductoscopy (mammoscopy) is an ideal diagnostic method for intraductal lesions. The usefulness of mammoscopy for intraductal lesions was evaluated. METHODS: Mammoscopy was performed in 315 cases with nipple discharge. The mammoscopic findings of 46 breast cancer cases (47 lesions) and 109 intraductal papilloma cases (119 lesions) were compared with pathological findings. RESULTS: Carcinoma was recognized by mammoscopy in 38 of 47 lesions (80.9%). Intraductal masses were detected by mammoscopy in 115 of 119 intraductal papilloma lesions. The shape of the mass was classified as hemispheric, papillary, or flat protrusion. The hemispheric and papillary shapes were most common in cases of intraductal papilloma and the flat protrusion type was most common in cases of carcinoma. The amount of material collected by intraductal biopsy under mammoscopic observation was smaller in carcinoma than in intraductal papilloma because the carcinoma lesions were usually located in peripheral duct-lobular units and had weak tissue cohesion compared with that of intraductal papilloma. Of 133 intraductal biopsies performed for 69 intraductal papillomas, 17 biopsies yielded material insufficient for diagnosis in. The effectiveness of treatment by intraductal biopsy was recognized in 38 of 46 intraductal papillomas in which clinical follow-up continued for more than two years (82.6%). The therapeutic results of biopsy were poor in cases of multiple intraductal masses in multiple duct-lobular units. CONCLUSIONS: Mammoscopy contributes not only the diagnosis in cases of nipple discharge, but is also of benefit in the treatment of intraductal papilloma.     

285例乳头溢液临床分析

目的 总结分析乳头溢液的临床意义和病因诊断方法,为临床更合理的治疗提供科学依据。方法 回顾分析1990年1月～2002年8月我科手术治疗的285例乳头溢液病例。结果 285例患者中,乳腺癌55例(19.3％),导管内乳头状瘤130例(45.6％),导管内乳头状瘤病20例(7.0％),导管扩张症36例(12.6％),乳腺增生病33例(11.6％),乳腺导管炎11例(3.9％)。其中乳腺癌、导管内乳头状瘤及导管内乳头状瘤病共205例,占71.9％。结论 乳管内视镜是乳头溢液病因诊断的首选检查。对乳头溢液特别是血性溢液应及时做出病因诊断,以便采取合理的手术治疗。     

Duct endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy in the evaluation of nipple discharge

Summary Microdochectomy is usually performed on patients with nipple discharge caused by intraductal proliferative lesions, such as intraductal papilloma and carcinoma. But this operation often sacrifices large amounts of normal mammary gland even when the lesion is a benign intraductal papilloma a few millimeters in diameter. We have developed duct endoscopy for the mammary duct system, and have reliably performed biopsies for intraductal proliferative lesions intraductally. From June 1989 to April 1990, we examined 22 cases by duct endoscopy, and performed endoscopic biopsy in 16 cases. The method of endoscopic biopsy is as follows. First, a bougie is inserted, without anesthesia other than Xylocaine jelly, into the orifice of the duct to enlarge it. Second, the outer cylinder and the inner needle are inserted; then the inner needle is removed, and the endoscope is inserted. After examination, the outer cylinder is moved up to the lesion to be biopsied and the endoscope is taken out. Then a sample is taken into the outer cylinder by aspiration. We diagnosed 10 cases of benign lesion and 5 cases of malignant lesion by cytological and/or histological examination. In conclusion, endoscopic biopsy, aided by duct endoscopy, is a useful and harmless diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of nipple discharge.