皮肤癣菌培养基和鉴定培养基分离鉴定皮肤癣菌的实验室和临床研究℃

目的：研究2种皮肤癣菌分离鉴定培养基对实验室保存菌株及临床标本的皮肤癣菌分离鉴定情况。方法：实验室保存菌株包括皮肤癣菌65株，其他霉菌38株，酵母菌30株。临床标本取自28例体股癣及足癣患者。分别将菌种和皮屑接种于1个皮肤癣菌培养基（DTM）、2个皮肤癣菌鉴定培养基（DIM）和1个含氯霉素的沙堡培养基（SDA）。SDA、DTM和1个DIM在30℃培养2周．另1个DIM在37℃培养2周。每天观察培养基颜色变化及菌落生长情况。结果：30℃时1周内DIM和DTM上分别有89．2％和100％的皮肤癣菌变色。37℃时，DIM上只有31株能够生长。非皮肤癣菌30℃条件下在DIM上有32株生长，8株变色：在DTM培养基上有37株生长，14株变色。37℃条件下DIM培养基上有17株生长，6株变色。结论：DIM和DTM均能简便、快速、准确地分离鉴定皮肤癣菌，并有效控制细菌和真菌的污染。     

改良皮肤癣菌试验培养基的实验研究

目的对皮肤癣菌试验培养基（DTM）作适当改进，筛选出最佳配方。方法①采用正交设计法和单因素分组试验对培养基的主要影响因子进行量和质的优化组合，筛选出改良培养基。②将红色毛癣菌标准菌株菌悬液倍比稀释．接种于DTM和改良培养基上，测定检出灵敏度。③将3属18种皮肤癣菌和11属14种非皮肤癣菌的丝状真菌接种于DTM和改良培养基上．比较特异性。结果培养基的氮源、碳源、pH值和指示剂的调整对变色时间的影响差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），从经济和早期判断颜色是否改变的难易程度考虑，确定改良培养基主要配方：0．5％大豆蛋白胨，0．5％葡萄糖，指示剂为溴百里酚蓝。DTM和改良培养基的检出灵敏度均为103cfu／mL（10cfu／培养基）。所有受试的皮肤癣菌均能使两种培养基变色，相对变色时间（开始变色时间-开始生长时间）DTM为-2～0d，改良培养基为-4～0d；绝大多数受试的霉菌也能使两种培养基变色，相对变色时间DTM为1～5d，改良培养基为1～6d。结论改良培养基的配方比DTM经济．较DTM更易观察到早期颜色的改变。     

皮肤癣菌培养基和鉴定培养基分离鉴定皮肤癣菌的实验室和临床研究

目的:研究2种皮肤癣菌分离鉴定培养基对实验室保存菌株及临床标本的皮肤癣菌分离鉴定情况.方法:实验室保存菌株包括皮肤癣菌65株,其他霉菌38株,酵母菌30株.临床标本取自28例体股癣及足癣患者.分别将菌种和皮屑接种于1个皮肤癣菌培养基(DTM)、2个皮肤癣菌鉴定培养基(DIM)和1个含氯霉素的沙堡培养基(SDA).SDA、DTM和1个DIM在30℃培养2周,另1个DIM在37℃培养2周.每天观察培养基颜色变化及菌落生长情况.结果:30℃时1周内DIM和DTM上分别有89.2%和100%的皮肤癣菌变色.37℃时,DIM上只有31株能够生长.非皮肤癣菌30℃条件下在DIM上有32株生长,8株变色;在DTM培养基上有37株生长,14株变色.37℃条件下DIM培养基上有17株生长,6株变色.结论:DIM和DTM均能简便、快速、准确地分离鉴定皮肤癣菌,并有效控制细菌和真菌的污染.     

重庆市浅部真菌病病原真菌调查报告

重庆市浅部真菌病病原真菌调查报告王志安，陈智，何威１９８０年～１９９１我科分离的浅部真菌情况如下。真菌培养：标本均接种于含氯霉素的沙氏斜面培养基中，２７℃孵育，４周后观察，菌种鉴定按常规进行。结果：培养阳性总例数１０３５例。９６３例皮肤癣菌病中，红色...     

兴化地区225例甲真菌病真菌培养结果分析

目的为了解兴化地区甲真菌病的病原学的分布。方法用加和不加放线菌酮的含有氯霉素的沙堡氏培养基进行双份培养，对于酵母菌用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基进行显色分别。结果225例甲真菌病真菌培养阳性160例占71．1％，皮肤癣菌102株占63．7％，酵母菌47株占29．3％，其它霉菌11株占7％。致病菌以皮肤癣菌为主。结论本地区甲真菌病真菌感染以皮肤癣菌占主导，但酵母菌的感染比例比北方高，这应该引起临床医生的注意。     

浙北地区334例甲真菌病真菌培养结果分析

目的：明确浙北地区甲真菌病的致病菌菌种分布特点。方法：对2016年真菌镜检阳性的1007例标本进行致病菌的分离培养和菌种鉴定。结果： 334例标本培养阳性,阳性率33.17%。皮肤癣菌148例,其中红色毛癣菌最多（136例）;酵母菌108例,其中白色念珠菌最多（35例）;霉菌78例,其中曲霉属最多（49例）。<55岁患者以皮肤癣菌感染为主,>55岁患者以酵母菌感染为主;52.34%指甲致病菌培养酵母菌阳性,58.74%趾甲致病菌培养皮肤癣菌阳性。结论：本研究中甲真菌病患者病原菌主要为皮肤癣菌和酵母菌,菌种分布与年龄和部位可能有关。     

723例甲真菌病的真菌分离培养

传统的观念认为甲真菌病主要是由皮肤癣菌所致，而近年来的甲真菌病流行病学调查研究表明，皮肤癣菌并不是其唯一致病菌，酵母菌及霉菌亦占有一定的比例。为进一步了解甲真菌病的致病菌分布，我们对１９８０～１９９４年１５年间我院门诊甲真菌病的菌种分离培养情况进行了小结。一、病例和方法１．病例选择：凡１９８０～１９９４年期间，在我科门诊就医的临床症状典型，真菌直接镜检和培养阳性的甲真菌病患者作为总结病例。共７２３例，男２８０例，女４４３例。２．培养方法：应用含氯霉素改良沙堡葡萄糖琼脂基，置２５℃～２７℃温箱培养…     

酒精消毒对实验室甲标本的影响

甲真菌病往往是由皮肤癣菌、酵母菌和霉菌所致。在临床上通过真菌直接镜检证实甲真菌病 ,通过真菌培养确定感染真菌的种属。但在甲下取材培养中不能确定酵母菌和霉菌是寄居菌还是致病菌。有作者建议为防止污染 ,在取甲标本前将甲表面和皮肤用酒精消毒。该研究在于探讨酒精消毒对甲标本的影响。材料和方法 :本研究中 2 0 0份标本均从临床获得。将每份标本研磨后分成 3份。第 1份用 4 0 %ＮａＯＨ直接镜检 ;第 2份在含氯霉素和氯霉素加放线菌酮的沙堡培养基上培养 (方法Ａ) ;第 3份标本先用 70 %酒精浸泡 2分钟后再用消毒水冲洗 2分钟 ,然后接…     

大连市区真菌病的病原菌分析

为了解大连地区真菌病病原菌的分布动态，本科室对１９９８年６月～１９９９年６月来我所就诊的皮肤病患者中收集标本１７６４例，分别进行镜检与培养，共检出致病真菌６３０株，现报告如下。 材料我们将１９９８年６月～１９９９年６月来我所就诊的临床上疑为真菌病的患者作为分析对象从中共取材１７６４例（８０％系大连籍患者），共分离６３０株致病真菌。 方法 １０％ ＫＯＨ常规镜检。每例接种改良沙氏培养基１＃（含庆大霉素、放线菌酮），２＃管（含庆大霉素）。置２６℃恒温培养箱中１０～１５天，１０天后不长菌落判为阴性。根据菌…     

甲真菌病400例致病真菌分析

目的:确定上海地区甲真菌病的致病菌种。方法:对本院皮肤科门诊就诊的直接镜检阳性的400例甲真菌病患者的甲标本做真菌分离培养和分析。结果:分离出致病真菌233株,其中皮肤癣菌120株(红色毛癣菌104株,须癣毛癣菌10株,犬小孢子菌3株,絮状表皮癣菌3株),酵母菌68株,非皮肤癣菌11株(曲霉6株,青霉5株),其余为丝状真菌。结论:上海地区甲真菌病的致病真菌以皮肤癣菌为主,酵母菌中非白念珠菌占有一定比例。     

Applicability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in rapid identification of some Candida and dermatophyte species infections in humans

Traditional systems of identifying yeasts and dermatophytes have many disadvantages. Preliminary data on a radically different approach based on optical spectroscopic techniques suggest that these techniques may offer some advantages. We conducted a trial to verify the practical applicability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the identification of some yeast and dermatophyte species, in which samples from 50 patients with superficial fungal infections were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide (actidione) and studied using FTIR microspectroscopy. Spectra of the same species were identical, whereas spectra of different species did not show similarity. This study showed that FTIR microspectroscopy is promising and can be used to obtain, with a single measurement, a “molecular fingerprint” of Candida and dermatophyte species. It can be improved further in terms of reliability.     

外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌群分析

目的 探讨青岛及周边地区外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种特征。 方法 采用常规念珠菌培养方法鉴定菌种,包括沙氏培养基,血清芽管实验,CHROMagar念珠菌显色培养基及API 20C AUX酵母菌鉴定系统。结果 2011年5 ~ 11月共收集362例妇科门诊患者的阴道分泌物,病原学分析显示,念珠菌阳性例数为313例,总感染率为86.46%,菌种构成分布为白念珠菌275株,光滑念珠菌13株,近平滑念珠菌8株,热带念珠菌7株,克柔念珠菌5株,葡萄牙念珠菌1株,都柏林念珠菌1株,粘质红酵母菌1株,奥默毕赤酵母菌1株,粘性丝孢酵母菌1株。结论 白念珠菌仍是外阴阴道念珠菌病的常见致病菌,非白念以光滑念珠菌为主。     

截肢后皮肤暗孢节菱孢感染一例

患者女,59岁,双下肢截肢39年,双下肢湿疹样改变20余年,慢性肉芽肿样损害伴疣状增生10余年。双下肢膝关节截肢面见大片增生性斑疹,周边红斑、增生,渗出及浸润。触之较硬,有触痛。取皮屑10％KOH真菌镜检阴性,沙氏培养基（SDA）3次培养均见同一种真菌生长,为正面白色背面橙黄色丝状菌落。小培养镜下见透明、线样的分生孢子梗从葫芦形的母细胞长出并产生侧生分生孢子,分生孢子眼晶状体黑棕色,具有一中纬部的线性芽裂,鉴定为暗孢节菱孢。组织病理PAS染色：角质层内可见散在的阳性菌丝。ITS区扩增片段测序与暗孢节菱孢99%符合。诊断：暗孢节菱孢引起的皮肤真菌感染。治疗：口服伊曲康唑胶囊200 mg/d,1个月后随访,疗效满意。     

国内首见真皮毛孢子菌引起皮肤感染一例

目的 报道1例真皮毛孢子菌引起的皮肤感染。方法 取皮损作直接镜检、真菌培养和组织病理学检查,分离菌株行DNA序列分析、API 20C AUX试剂盒检测、明胶液化试验、温度试验和体外药敏试验。结果 70岁男性患者,右内踝植物刺伤后出现肿块、溃疡9个月。皮损直接镜检阴性,组织病理显示真皮内菌丝和孢子。沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养基培养出奶黄色酵母样菌落,微量培养可见假菌丝、真菌丝、关节孢子和芽生孢子,API 20C AUX试剂盒检测结果提示为土生念珠菌,DNA序列分析属于真皮毛孢子菌。菌株不能液化明胶,可在25 ～ 40 ℃环境下生长,对两性霉素B、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、制霉菌素敏感。伊曲康唑治疗4个月后皮损完全愈合。结论 根据其形态学特点和DNA序列分析,菌株被鉴定为真皮毛孢子菌。伊曲康唑治疗有效。     

系统性红斑狼疮伴棘状外瓶霉所致暗色丝孢霉病一例

患者女,27岁,右下肢结节、溃疡6个月,有系统性红斑狼疮病史2年。皮损脓液直接镜检可见分支、分隔链状菌丝和孢子,组织病理检查显示棕黄色菌丝、孢子。沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养基（SDA）培养出深绿色绒状菌落,微量培养可见分支、分隔菌丝和棘状环痕孢梗,DNA序列分析属于棘状外瓶霉。菌株不能液化明胶,可在25 ~ 39 ℃环境下生长,对伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、特比萘芬敏感。动物实验发现免疫抑制小鼠感染比正常对照组严重。依据临床特征、组织病理学检查、真菌培养及基因鉴定结果,该例患者确诊为系统性红斑狼疮伴棘状外瓶霉所致的暗色丝孢霉病。     

Microsphaeropsis arundinis引起暗色丝孢霉病一例

【摘要】 患者女,68岁,左前臂红色斑块4个月,类风湿关节炎病史4年。皮肤科检查：左手背、左手腕部和左前臂5 cm × 10 cm暗红色斑块,边界不清,可见少许脓性分泌物、紫癜。取皮损脓液10％ KOH镜检,见棕黄色分隔菌丝;脓液和皮损组织沙氏葡萄糖琼脂均培养出局限性、绒状、灰黑色菌落;马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上培养,不产孢,仅见暗色分隔菌丝。皮损组织病理检查：感染性肉芽肿,过碘酸雪夫染色见酵母细胞和出芽的假菌丝。分离菌株与Microsphaeropsis arundinis的ITS片段序列比对,结果99％符合。诊断：M. arundinis所致皮肤暗色丝孢霉病。治疗：口服伊曲康唑胶囊400 mg/d结合温热疗法治疗,4个月后皮损完全消退。随访1年无复发。 【关键词】 暗色丝孢霉病; 腔孢菌科; Microsphaeropsis arundinis; 关节炎,类风湿     

Superficial fungal infections in 102 renal transplant recipients: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: Renal transplant recipients are predisposed to superficial fungal infections caused by graft-preserving immunosuppressive therapy. Reports have documented a wide range of prevalence rates for superficial fungal infections in this patient group. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical and mycological features of superficial fungal infections in renal transplant recipients at our center. METHODS: One hundred two consecutively registered renal transplant recipients (34 women, 68 men) and 88 healthy age- and sex-matched persons acting as controls (30 women, 58 men) underwent screening for the presence of superficial fungal infection. Skin scrapings and swabs were obtained from the dorsum of the tongue, upper part of the back, toe webs, and any suspicious lesions. Nail clippings were also collected. All samples were examined by direct microscopy and were stained with calcofluor white. The samples were cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar, mycobiotic agar, and dermatophyte test medium. Candida species were identified on the basis of germ-tube production, spore formation in cornmeal agar, and results of biochemical testing. Dermatophytes were identified on the basis of colonial and microscopic morphologic features in conjunction with results of physiologic evaluation (in vitro hair perforation test, urease activity, temperature tolerance test, and nutritional test). RESULTS: Sixty-five (63.7%) of the 102 renal transplant recipients had cutaneous-oral candidiasis, dermatophytosis, or pityriasis versicolor, whereas only 27 (30.7%) of controls had fungal infection. Pityriasis versicolor was the most common fungal infection in the patient group (36.3%), followed by cutaneous-oral candidiasis (25.5%), onychomycosis (12.7%), and fungal toe-web infection (11.8%). Pityriasis versicolor and oral candidiasis were significantly more common among the renal transplant recipients, whereas the frequency of dermatophytosis in patients and controls was similar. Candida albicans was the main agent responsible for oral candidiasis, and Trichophyton rubrum was the most common dermatophyte isolated. Analysis showed that age, sex, and duration of immunosuppression did not significantly affect the prevalence of superficial fungal infection. Cyclosporine treatment and azathioprine therapy were identified as independent risk factors for superficial fungal disease. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of opportunistic infections with Pityrosporum ovale and C albicans is increased among renal transplant recipients, probably owing to the immunosuppressed state of this patient population. However, renal transplant recipients are not at increased risk of dermatophytosis.     

广东省珠海市金湾区孢子丝菌及暗色真菌的生态学研究

目的：了解珠海市金湾区自然环境中申克孢子丝菌及致病性暗色真菌在该地区的分布情况及生态学。方法：分别于2006年4月、7月、10月、2007年1月四季从该区三灶、南水、平沙、红旗四地区自然环境中采集土壤、腐木、树皮、沼泽淤泥、枯枝等标本160份,用含放线菌酮的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）培养基分离菌株,沙堡葡萄糖琼脂培养基（SDA）传代培养,通过观察菌落形态、颜色,显微镜下菌丝和孢子的生长形态等方法,鉴定申克孢子丝菌及暗色真菌。结果：分离出申克孢子丝菌24株（分离率为15%）。暗色真菌共89株（分离率为56%）,其中外瓶霉属33株（21%）,枝孢霉10株（6%）,链格孢19株（12%）,着色真菌13株（8%）,疣状瓶霉6株（4%）,待定8株（5%）。除此之外,还分离出镰刀菌、念珠菌、曲霉等多种条件致病菌。结论：在珠海金湾区自然环境中能够分离出申克孢子丝菌及暗色真菌。     

疣状毛癣菌感染豚鼠模型的构建

目的 构建疣状毛癣菌感染豚鼠的动物模型。方法 选择健康豚鼠32只,随机分为4组。第1组未给任何处置,第2、4组豚鼠刮毛并摩擦其背部皮肤,第3组豚鼠背部给予刮毛处理。第1、2、3组为实验观察组,分别涂抹疣状毛癣菌菌悬液100 μl;第4组涂抹须毛癣菌菌悬液100 μl。采用直接镜检、真菌培养和组织病理方法验证感染结果。结果 第1组直接镜检持续阴性;第2、3、4组豚鼠背部鳞屑直接镜检至第7 ～ 9天时均为阳性;将鳞屑接种于沙氏葡萄糖琼脂（SDA）平板上培养,7 d后可见真菌生长,2周后各平板接种点均有菌落生长,且与接种前菌落形态基本相同。第2、3、4组取皮损活检HE染色,表皮角质层及部分毛囊漏斗部可见折光性强的菌丝及孢子。结论 成功构建了疣状毛癣菌感染的豚鼠模型。     

Tinea capitis in a dermatology center in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil: the role of Trichophyton tonsurans

BACKGROUND: Over a 3-year period (March 1999 to March 2002), 944 patients with scalp lesions attended a dermatology reference center in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Clinical specimens were examined at the Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, to detect patients with tinea capitis. METHODS: Specimens were obtained from pus, scales, and hairs from suspected lesions of tinea capitis. Mycologic analyses were conducted by direct microscopy and by fungal culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar, with or without chloramphenicol and Mycosel agar. The culture tubes were incubated at 28 degrees C and examined daily for 1 month. RESULTS: Fungi were seen in 438 (46.4%) of the 944 clinical specimens. The percentage of positive direct microscopic examinations of the clinical specimens was 83.7%. Of those patients with tinea capitis, 157 (35.8%) were males and 281 (64.2%; P < 0.001) were females. The distribution of dermatophyte species in males, from 136 positive cultures, was Trichophyton tonsurans (54.41%), Microsporum canis (38.97%), T. rubrum (4.41%), T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (1.47%), and M. gypseum (0.74%). On the other hand, only three species, from 251 positive cultures, were present in females: T. tonsurans (80.08%), M. canis (17.53%), and T. rubrum (2.39%). There was a high proportion of positive results in children under 10 years of age (n = 309). No significant difference was detected in the seasonal distribution of tinea capitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that T. tonsurans is the main etiologic agent of tinea capitis, and is more likely to be found in females and in the prepubertal population.