心踝血管指数与踝臂指数预测冠心病的价值

目的　探讨心踝血管指数（CAVI）与踝臂指数（ABI）对冠心病的预测价值。方法　随机选取在我院心血管内科行选择性冠状动脉造影检查及治疗的患者256例,其中经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者（狭窄度≥50%）205例作为冠心病组,并根据冠状动脉病变支数分为相应的亚组,其余51例（狭窄度＜50%）作为对照组（非冠心病组）,比较两组间CAVI、ABI的差异。结果　年龄、糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、血脂等是冠心病发生的危险因素。随着冠状动脉狭窄程度的加重,CAVI进行性增高,两组间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。非冠心病组与冠心病组ABI均在正常范围,但冠心病组ABI明显低于非冠心病组（P＜0.01）。多支病变组ABI低于非冠心病组、单支病变组（P＜0.05）。CAVI（＋）预测冠心病的敏感性较高（66.4%）,特异性欠佳（32.7%）;ABI降低预测冠心病的敏感性低（18.0%）,但特异性高（96.2%）。结论　CAVI（－）可能是非冠心病有意义的独立预测因子,CAVI（＋）则有利于早期发现动脉硬化,而ABI降低则是冠心病独立的危险因子,可视为冠心病的诊断参考指标。     

中心动脉压、踝臂指数和肱踝脉搏波传导速度在冠心病中的预测价值

目的 探讨中心动脉压(CAP)、踝臂指数(ABI)和肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)对冠心病(CHD)的预测价值.?方法 以资阳市人民医院2018年1月至2019年5月间初次行冠状动脉造影术(CAG)的152例患者为研究对象,根据造影结果分为正常组(51例)、单支病变组(35例)、双支病变组(20例)、严重病变组(46...     

臂踝脉搏波传导速度与糖尿病患者亚临床靶器官损害的关系

88例2型糖尿病患者根据臂踝脉搏波传导速度的大小分为两组,其中脉搏波传导速度正常组40例、脉搏波传导速度增高组48例,所有病例均行头颅MRI、心脏与颈动脉超声及尿微量白蛋白检查。结果臂踝脉搏波传导速度增高组无症状性脑梗死的发生率、颈动脉内膜中层厚度、左心室重量指数及尿微量白蛋白均高于臂踝脉搏波传导速度正常组,差异有统计学意义或有非常统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论臂踝脉搏波传导速度与糖尿病患者亚临床靶器官损害有关,对糖尿病患者亚临床靶器官损害有良好的预测作用。     

中青年冠心病患者动脉弹性与冠状动脉狭窄程度关系的研究

目的探讨中青年冠心病患者动脉弹性与冠脉狭窄程度的关系。方法对中青年冠心病患者和正常人分别进行臂踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）和踝臂指数（ABI）、冠状动脉造影、血脂及高敏C反应蛋白测定,对动脉硬化参数与冠脉狭窄程度进行相关性分析。结果与单支和双支组比较,冠心病多支病变组baPWV升高（P〉0.05）、ABI降低（P〈0.05）。中青年冠心病患者baPWV与Gensini冠脉积分无相关性,而ABI与Gensini冠脉积分呈负相关。多元回归分析显示中青年冠心病患者ABI与Gensini冠脉积分的相关性较强（P=0.012）。结论中青年冠心病患者ABI与冠脉狭窄程度呈负相关。     

高血压患者踝臂指数与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的相关性研究

目的观察老年高血压患者踝臂指数与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的相关性,评价踝臂指数对冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的预测价值。方法连续入选156例接受冠状动脉造影检查的老年高血压患者（年龄≥65岁）进行研究,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为无病变组（16例）、单支病变组（20例）、2支病变组（28例）、3支或左主干病变组（92例）。对所有患者进行病史采集、血液化验检查和踝臂指数测量,并对踝臂指数与冠状动脉Gensini评分做相关分析。结果踝臂指数与Gensini评分呈负相关;冠状动脉3支或左主干病变组患者踝臂指数显著降低（P〈0.01）,而造影正常、单支病变或2支病变组患者踝臂指数无显著差异;评价踝臂指数对3支或左主干病变预测价值的ROC曲线下面积为（0.79±0.036）,95%可信区间为（0.69～0.85,P〈0.001）;踝臂指数≤0.9作为截断值预测3支或左主干病变具有相对高的特异性（89.5%）和敏感性（53.6%）。结论老年高血压患者踝臂指数与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度呈负相关,踝臂指数≤0.9对预测冠状动脉3支和左主干病变具有较高的特异性和敏感性。     

踝臂指数不能预测冠状动脉病变的严重程度

目的:探讨踝臂指数(ABI)与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:250例因冠心病或可疑冠心病拟行冠状动脉造影或介入治疗的患者,由专人负责测量其ABI。根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组和非冠心病组。结果:非冠心病组和冠心病组ABI基本一致,2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ABI和冠状动脉血管病变评分之间无相关性。结论:ABI不能用来预测冠状动脉病变严重程度。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度与臂踝脉搏波传导速度的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度与臂踝脉搏波传导速度的关系.方法 135例2型糖尿病患者,根据有无颈动脉内中膜增厚分为2组,颈动脉内中膜无增厚组(简称无增厚组)73例,颈动脉内中膜增厚组(简称增厚组)62例,所有患者均测量臂踝脉搏波传导速度及相关生化指标.结果 增厚组的臂踝脉搏波传导速度明显高于无增厚组(P＜0.01),且臂踝脉搏波传导速度与年龄、收缩压、舒张压、血肌酐、尿素氮、空腹C肽、2hC肽呈正相关.结论 臂踝脉搏波传导速度与颈动脉内中膜厚度之间具有显著相关性.     

踝臂指数联合脉搏波传导速度对冠心病的预测价值

目的探讨踝臂指数（ABI）及肱-踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）对冠心病（CHD）及其病变程度的预测价值。方法对经冠脉造影确诊的432例CHD患者和535例非CHD患者进行baPWV、ABI检测,分析CHD患者的baPWV、ABI变化特征,并与非CHD组对照。结果非CHD组、单支病变组、双支病变组、三支病变组baPWV值逐渐增加,且四组间baPWV比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。冠脉病变组与非病变组之间ABI差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,ABI在冠脉病变程度组间逐渐递减,且三支病变组与单支病变组及双支病变组比较差异有统计学意义（尸〈0．05）。结论ABI及baPWV均可反映冠脉病变的程度,且可作为CHD的早期预测指标。     

踝臂指数对新疆维吾尔族人冠状动脉狭窄程度的预测价值

目的 观察新疆维吾尔族患者踝臂指数与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性,评价踝臂指数对新疆维吾尔族患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的预测价值.方法 对114例连续入选冠状动脉造影患者进行踝臂指数测量、病史采集及血液生化检查.结果 踝臂指数与Gensini评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.6941,P<0.001).各组间的踝臂指数值差异有显著性(P=0.000);评价踝臂指数对三支或左主干病变预测价值的操作者工作特征曲线下面积为0.8219,面积的标准误Se=0.0415,(u=7.7518,P=0.0000);踝臂指数≤0.9作为界限值预测三支或左主干病变具有相对较高的特异度(91.76%)和敏感度(41.38%),结论 新疆维吾尔族患者踝臂指数与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度显著负相关.踝臂指数≤0.90对预测冠状动脉三支或左主干病变具有较高的特异度和敏感度.     

踝臂指数与冠心病严重程度的相关性

目的研究踝臂指数(ABI)与冠心病严重程度的相关性并评价其预测价值。方法选择天津市咸水沽医院2011年10月至2013年7月以诊断和(或)治疗为目的而行冠状动脉造影的386例患者为研究对象,根据冠脉造影结果分为非冠心病组90例,单支病变组136例,双支病变组85例,三支病变组75例(左主干病变计入三支病变组),对比非冠心病组和冠心病组、单支病变组与双支病变组、轻度病变组和严重病变组的ABI差异。结果轻度病变组和严重病变组ABI存在显著差异,而非冠心病组和冠心病组、单支病变组与双支病变组ABI无明显差异。结论 ABI在严重冠心病和非严重冠心病患者间存在显著差异,ABI≤0.9对三支病变有很好的预测价值。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.