关节镜下肩袖间隙滑移技术在巨大肩袖撕裂中的应用

目的观察关节镜下使用肩袖间隙滑移技术修补巨大肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取2015年1月至2019年3月北京市平谷区医院收治的巨大肩袖撕裂患者42例,按照手术方式不同将患者分为切开修复组和关节镜修复组,每组各21例。切开修复组患者使用改良切开修复巨大肩袖撕裂,关节镜修复组患者使用关节镜下肩袖滑移技术修复巨大肩袖。记录并比较患者术前情况,包括患者的VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分、肩关节Constant-Murley评分、肩袖受伤情况、受伤至手术的时间等。所有患者术后3个月和6个月门诊随访,记录并比较两组患者VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分、肩关节Constant-Murley评分和末次随访患者满意度评分以评价两种手术疗效。结果两组患者术前各观察指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月关节镜修复组VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分和肩关节Constant-Murley评分分别是4.9±1.2分、29.1±4.5分和72.4±13.9分,而切开修复组上述指标分别为6.3±1.6分、21.7±3.9分和61.8±10.6分。关节镜修复组患者的疼痛VAS评分低于切开修复组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);关节镜修复组患者的肩关节UCLA评分和肩关节Constant-Murley评分均高于切开修复组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,关节镜修复组VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分和肩关节Constant-Murley评分分别是3.7±1.3分、32.6±4.7分和82.1±10.8分,而切开修复组上述指标分别为3.9±1.4分、32.8±4.5分和81.5±11.3分,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后末次随访时,关节镜修复组患者的满意度评分(84.3±15.1分)显著高于切开修复组(72.9±12.3分),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下肩袖间隙滑移技术能够有效地修复巨大肩袖撕裂,比切开肩袖修复巨大肩袖撕裂术后康复得更快。     

关节镜下双排缝线桥技术治疗全层肩袖损伤患者的康复护理

目的探讨关节镜下双排缝线桥技术治疗全层肩袖损伤患者的康复护理。方法 40例全层肩袖损伤的患者,应用关节镜下应用双排缝线桥技术修复肩袖损伤,术后给予系统、阶段性康复护理,防止肩关节粘连、挛缩、瘢痕形成,最大限度恢复肩关节功能和活动度。于术前及术后6个月采用美国肩肘外科医师(ASES)评分标准、美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)肩关节评分系统和疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行效果评价。结果 40例患者均按要求完成康复锻炼,术后随访8~24个月,患者ASES评分由术前(34.2±16.87)分,术后提高至(88.2±6.50)分,UCLA评分由术前(16.3±4.71)分,术后提高至(30.5±2.56)分,VAS评分术前(5.8±1.7)分,术后(1.6±0.5)分,患侧肩关节主动前屈、外展、外旋、内旋方向的活动度较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下双排缝线桥技术治疗全层肩袖损伤患者,术后给予系统性、阶段性康复护理,有利于肩关节功能和活动度的恢复。     

肩袖损伤关节镜修复术后的康复临床研究

目的:分析肩袖损伤关节镜修复术后系统康复的治疗效果。方法:应用关节镜下修补术治疗肩袖损伤的患者60例。选择术后能够坚持来我院进行系统锻炼的患者为康复组,仅进行出院或门诊指导的患者作为对照组,每组30例,根据国际认可康复流程进行指导。使用美国肩肘医师协会评分(ASES)、加州大学肩关节评分系统(UCLA)和视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者术前和术后6个月时的肩关节功能进行评价,分别对两组患者术后7周、3个月和6个月时的主动前屈和体侧外旋角度进行测量。结果:两组患者ASES及UCLA评分术前无明显差异(P>0.05);术后6个月与术前相比有显著改变(P<0.05),且两项评分康复组均高于对照组(P<0.05);VAS评分术前无差异(P>0.05),术后较术前均有明显改善(P<0.05);术后7周、3个月和6个月时肩关节的主动活动度,康复组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:关节镜下肩袖修补术可以有效治疗肩关节功能障碍,对术后患者进行系统和个体化的康复训练,可以有效恢复患者肩关节的功能,提高治疗效果。     

系统化康复对肩袖修补术后肩关节功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨系统化康复训炼对关节镜下肩袖修补术后患者肩关节功能恢复的效果.方法 将52例关节镜下接受肩袖修补的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组26例.对照组采用常规护理和一般的康复方法,观察组常规护理的基础上进行系统化康复.使用美国UCLA评分法评价肩关节的功能,使用VAS评估疼痛情况.结果 术前和术后4w两组患者肩关节功能和疼痛程度无显著性差异(P＞0.05),术后6w和12w观察组患者肩关节功能和疼痛程度明显好于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 对于关节镜下肩袖损伤修补术后的患者,系统化的康复锻炼能够有效地使肩关节功能得到康复.     

关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤合并冻结肩疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤合并冻结肩的临床疗效,观察对患者关节活动范围及生活质量量表评分的影响。方法选取2014年2月至2018年2月河北省保定市第二中心医院收治肩袖损伤合并冻结肩患者84例。按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组43例和对照组41例,观察组做关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术,对照组做关节镜下单纯肩袖修复术。采用采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)、Constant-Murley评分、美国加州大学肩关节评分系统(the university of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale,UCLA)和美国肩肘外科协会评分(rating scale of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons,ASES)、生活质量量表(quality of life,QOL)对患者肩关节功能、肩袖强度和生活质量进行对比分析。结果两组术后1、3、6个月VAS评分与术前比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。观察组术后1、3、6个月VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组Constant-Murley评分比较,术后较术前,肩关节外旋、前屈、外展、内旋均提高(P<0.05);术后1个月观察组前屈、外展、内旋显著小于对照组(P<0.05);术后3、6个月,外旋、前屈、外展、内旋差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。术后6个月两组UCLA、ASES评分均较术前明显改善,组内比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。UCLA两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);手术前后两组ASES评分比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05);术后6个月两组患肢外旋、前屈、内旋的肌肉力量均较治疗前显著增加,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。术前QOL评分比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),治疗6个月后,观察组QOL评分显著高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论与单纯关节镜下肩袖修复术相比,关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤合并冻结肩,可以有效缓解疼痛,恢复肩关节功能活动,提高患者的生活质量。     

关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤合并冻结肩疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤合并冻结肩的临床疗效,观察对患者关节活动范围及生活质量量表评分的影响。方法选取2014年2月至2018年2月河北省保定市第二中心医院收治肩袖损伤合并冻结肩患者84例。按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组43例和对照组41例,观察组做关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术,对照组做关节镜下单纯肩袖修复术。采用采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)、Constant-Murley评分、美国加州大学肩关节评分系统(the university of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale,UCLA)和美国肩肘外科协会评分(rating scale of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons,ASES)、生活质量量表(quality of life,QOL)对患者肩关节功能、肩袖强度和生活质量进行对比分析。结果两组术后1、3、6个月VAS评分与术前比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。观察组术后1、3、6个月VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组Constant-Murley评分比较,术后较术前,肩关节外旋、前屈、外展、内旋均提高(P<0.05);术后1个月观察组前屈、外展、内旋显著小于对照组(P<0.05);术后3、6个月,外旋、前屈、外展、内旋差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。术后6个月两组UCLA、ASES评分均较术前明显改善,组内比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。UCLA两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);手术前后两组ASES评分比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05);术后6个月两组患肢外旋、前屈、内旋的肌肉力量均较治疗前显著增加,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。术前QOL评分比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),治疗6个月后,观察组QOL评分显著高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论与单纯关节镜下肩袖修复术相比,关节镜下松解术结合肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤合并冻结肩,可以有效缓解疼痛,恢复肩关节功能活动,提高患者的生活质量。     

肩袖损伤关节镜修复术后的康复效果观察

目的探讨肩袖损伤关节镜修复术后的康复效果。方法以2014年8月~2017年3月因肩袖损伤进行关节镜手术的300例患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各150例。观察组患者术后接受系统锻炼,对照组患者术后仅进行出院或者门诊指导,比较术后六个月两组患者的ASES(美国肩肘外科协会)评分和VAS(视觉模拟疼痛评分)的改善情况,并比较两组患者的临床疗效以及术后三个月和六个月肩关节的活动度。结果观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前两组患者的ASES和VAS评分无明显差异(P0.05),术后六个月观察组的两项疼痛评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的肩关节的功能评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肩袖损伤关节镜修复术后的系统锻炼能够有效恢复肩关节的功能,临床效果显著,适于临床推广。     

关节镜下应用内排锚钉替代外排锚钉技术治疗巨大肩袖撕裂的疗效观察

目的 探讨关节镜下应用内排锚钉替代外排锚钉完成双排缝线桥技术治疗巨大肩袖撕裂的临床疗效和实用性。方法 自2018年9月至2021年4月,采用关节镜下内排锚钉替代外排锚钉完成肩袖双排缝线桥技术治疗巨大肩袖撕裂患者42例。U形裂28例,L形裂5例,合并层裂9例。术后1年,采用Constant-Murley评分系统评价肩关节功能,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价疼痛情况结果 42例患者均获随访,随访时间12～16个月,平均(13.71±1.43)个月,所有患者均无感染、神经及血管损伤、肩袖再次撕裂等并发症。42例患者肩袖均获得愈合,愈合时间12～16周,平均(12.57±1.02)周。Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分由术前(32.90±6.67)分提高至术后1年(97.07±3.46)分,VAS评分由术前(7.86±1.24)分降至术后1年(0.59±0.58)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 关节镜下应用内排锚钉替代外排锚钉完成肩袖双排缝线桥技术治疗巨大肩袖撕裂,创伤小,固定可靠,肩袖愈合率高,临床疗效满意。     

关节镜下缝线桥修补联合手法松解治疗肩袖撕裂合并关节粘连的效果

目的 研究关节镜下缝线桥修补联合手法松解治疗肩袖撕裂合并关节粘连的效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2023年1月新里程安钢总医院收治的肩袖撕裂合并关节粘连患者82例，按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组，每组41例。对照组采用关节镜下双排缝合术联合手法松解治疗，试验组采用关节镜下缝线桥修补联合手法松解治疗。比较两组围术期指标、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、肩关节活动度(肩关节前屈、外展、内旋、外旋活动度)、肩关节功能(SST)评分及并发症发生率。结果 与对照组比较，试验组术中出血量少，手术时间、住院时间短(P<0.05)。与对照组比较，试验组术后7 d、术后1个月、术后2个月VAS评分低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较，试验组术后2个月肩关节前屈、外展、内旋、外旋活动度大(P<0.05)。与对照组比较，试验组术后2个月SST评分高(P<0.05)。试验组并发症发生率[4.88%(2/41)]与对照组[14.63%(6/41)]比较，差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 关节镜下缝线桥修补联合手法松解治疗肩袖撕裂合并关节粘连能明显减少术中出血量，缩短手术时间...     

关节镜下缝线桥技术治疗老年创伤性肩关节脱位合并肩袖损伤的疗效评价

目的比较关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补与保守方法治疗老年创伤性肩关节脱位合并肩袖损伤的疗效。方法前瞻性研究2010年8月-2013年8月采用关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补或保守方法治疗老年创伤性肩关节脱位合并肩袖损伤患者共63例,根据患者治疗方法将其分为关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补治疗组(手术组)和保守方法治疗组(对照组)。手术组完整随访30例,男16例,女14例;年龄66~83岁,平均74.5岁;参照DEORIO和COFIELD的分级标准,中撕裂27例,大撕裂3例。对照组完整随访30例,男17例,女13例;年龄65~82岁,平均74.2岁;参照DEORIO和COFIELD的分级标准,中撕裂27例,大撕裂3例。比较两组患者分组时、治疗1年后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、关节活动范围、简明肩关节功能测试(SST)评分、欧洲肩关节协会的Constant肩关节评分,并记录随访期间肩关节脱位复发例数。结果 60例患者获得至少1年的完整随访,手术组30例,对照组30例。分组时两组患者VAS评分、肩关节活动范围、SST评分、Constant评分组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);随访1年时手术组患者的VAS评分、肩关节活动范围、SST评分和Constant评分均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访期间手术组无肩关节脱位复发,对照组5例发生肩关节脱位复发,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补治疗合并肩袖中、大型撕裂的老年创伤性肩关节脱位患者,可以明显改善患者肩关节功能,降低肩关节脱位复发率,长期随访结果有待进一步研究。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.