甲真菌病组织切片及溶甲涂片中真菌的凝集素结合形式

目的 探讨甲真菌病组织切片、溶甲涂片中真菌的凝集素结合形式，并检测其与培养中相应真菌凝集素结合形式是否等同。方法 对已分离鉴定致病菌的７２例甲真菌病的病甲组织切片、溶甲涂片，用ＡＢＣ法对１２种凝集素进行组化染色，并与已知培养中的相应菌种进行比较。结果 ４４例甲组织切片、２８例溶甲涂片内７个种、属的真菌与其培养中的相应真菌呈现相同的凝集素结合形式，仅铁锈色小孢子菌豌凝集素的结合形式与培养中不同，从而     

小鼠实验性孢子丝菌感染皮损中病原体的形态

接种孢子丝菌于小鼠皮内造成实验性皮损，用多种方法研究病理组织内菌的形态学特点及变 化。确认ＨＥ染色标本中孢子周围有一环状不着色晕。组织内该菌的凝集素结合形式与其培养相同而有 别于多种其他深部真菌。发现半薄切片能更清晰地显示菌体形态及其与宿主细胞的关系。在宿主细胞免 疫低下时菌丝可存活并生长繁殖。     

溶甲涂片镜检结合组化染色对甲真菌病病原学诊断的意义

目的：探讨溶甲涂片镜检结合组化染色对甲真菌病病原学诊断的意义。方法：采用KOH直接镜检,真菌培养,溶甲涂片直接镜检,溶甲涂片PAS染色和凝集素组化染色。结果：129例KOH直接镜检,真菌培养和溶甲涂片镜检的阳性率分别为73．3％,56．6％,95．3％,32例溶甲涂片真菌7个属与12种凝集素的结合形式具有属间区别。结论：溶甲涂片镜检结合组化染色阳性率高并有助于鉴别真菌菌属。     

真菌病

941222 我国医学真菌学40年的回顾与展望/吴绍熙//中华皮肤科杂志。-1994,26(6).-328～330 941223 三种条件致病性真菌凝集素结合形式的实验研究/李冠勇…//中华皮肤科杂志。-1994,27(1).-37～38 采用ABC法观察14种凝集素与3种常见条件致病性真菌(白念珠菌、热带念珠菌及新型隐球菌)在感染病变组织中的结合形式,并与其培养菌细胞比较。结果显示:1.感染病变中组织相菌细胞:白念珠菌及热带念珠菌与ConA、LCA、PSA及SWGA呈阳性反应,与其他10种凝集素反应阴性。2.培养菌细胞:白色念珠菌及热带念珠菌与ConA、LCA及PSA反应用性,其余11     

常见条件致病性真菌的凝集素结合形式

不同种属的真菌其细胞壁糖组成各不相同。我们以生物素-亲和素过氧化物酶标法观察１４种凝集素对１４种常见条件致病性真菌的结合形式，了解不同真菌细胞壁结合糖残基的组成及异同，并探讨对真菌鉴别的意义。一、资料和方法材料：１．真菌：白念珠菌、热带念珠菌、伪热带念珠菌     

院内深部念珠菌感染的菌种类型调查及危险因素分析

背景：近年来,随着广谱抗生素的应用及危重病人的增多,深部真菌日益成为医院内感染的主要病原菌之一。在深部真菌感染中含珠菌感染又占其中的大部分。为了更好的预防和治疗院内深部念珠菌感染,我们对本院该菌的感染进行了菌种类型调查和危险因素分析。目的：研究本院深部念珠菌感染的危险因素及菌种类型分布。方法：对北京医科大学第一医院从１９９８年６月至１９９９年１２月住院和急诊留观病人不同部位念珠菌培养阳性的临床标本进行致病菌种调查。同时从中选取了１５０例病人进行危险因素的评价。结果：（１）在我院１年半的时间内共有５９５份念球菌培养阳性的临床标本,其中白念珠菌为主要的病原菌,占７２．６％。以后依次为热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌;（２）在深部念珠菌感染中,８９．３％的患者长期应用广谱抗生素,２０％以上的患者存在应用激素治疗,     

尖锐湿疣组织中凝集素受体的变化

本文应用ABC法检测了30例尖锐湿疣组织中凝集素的结合活性。所用凝集素探针包括ConA、PNA、RCA_1、SBA和UEA_1。正常鳞状表皮呈区域性分布,凝集素结合的组化定位一般在细胞表面和细胞间质,偶而位于胞浆内。在尖锐湿疣组织中棘细胞层被ConA深染,而被其他凝集素中等程度着色,这种染色强度较正常表皮染色有所降低。表皮凝集素结合的细胞化学分布可能表明表皮正常分层和角朊细胞分化的表达,而且这种典型结合形式的消失可能提示严重增生不良。     

血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测对深部真菌感染辅助诊断的临床价值

目的：探讨血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖（ BDG）检测对深部真菌感染辅助诊断的价值。方法：对我院2014年336例疑似深部真菌感染病例分别进行血清BDG检测和真菌培养鉴定;对比分析血清BDG检测和真菌培养的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果：BDG检测阳性171例,阳性率为50.89％（171／336）;真菌培养阳性141例,阳性率为41.96％（141／336）。真菌培养阳性组血清BDG含量为（131.18±102.91）pg／mL,真菌培养阴性组血清 BDG 含量为（45.06±33.64）pg／mL,两组差异有统计学意义（t＝9.57, P＜0.01）。以真菌培养结果为标准,BDG检测的敏感性为54.61％（77／141）,特异性51.79％（101／195）;阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为45.03％（77／171）和61.21％（101／165）。真菌培养显示白念珠菌仍然是临床深部真菌感染的主要病原菌。结论：BDG检测可实现疑似深部真菌感染的快速诊断,但对（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖阳性结果需辅以真菌培养鉴定,两者联合使用具有较高的临床应用价值。     

甘露聚糖结合凝集素及其与皮肤病的关系

甘露聚糖结合凝集素是一种由肝脏分泌的血清凝集素,可以与真菌、细菌和病毒表面的甘露糖残基结合,并且激活补体C3,参与机体的防御反应。甘露聚糖结合凝集素的基因具有多态性,在甘露聚糖结合凝集素基因变异的个体血清中出现低浓度甘露聚糖结合凝集素,或者没有,这时人体就易发生感染,与人免疫缺陷病毒、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、真菌感染具有相关性。     

荆豆凝集素—1受体及丝聚合蛋白在某些增生性皮肤病中的表达

荆豆凝集素－１受体及丝聚合蛋白在某些增生性皮肤病中的表达高兴华王雅坤左旭陈洪铎荆豆凝集素－１（ｕｌｅｘｅｕｒｏｐｅｕｓａｇｇｌｕｔｉｎｉｎ－１，ＵＥＡ－１）是与Ｌ－岩藻糖呈特异结合的凝集素；丝聚合蛋白（ｆｉ－ｌａｒｇｒｉｎ）是一种３００００的角蛋白，...     

Identical lectin binding patterns of human melanocytes and melanoma cells in vitro

Cell surface glycoconjugate patterns of human epidermal cells and of melanoma cells (MC) in primary culture derived from 11 primary and metastatic melanomas were investigated using fluorescent and horseradish peroxidase conjugated lectins for visualization at the light and electron microscopic level. The lectin labeling profiles of human melanocytes (M) and MC were found to be identical. According to their binding patterns, the lectins tested were grouped into three categories: (1) lectins binding to both keratinocytes (K) and M/MC, irrespective of neuraminidase pretreatment (concanavalin-A, wheatgerm agglutinin, succinylated wheatgerm agglutinin); (2) lectins binding to K but not to M/MC, irrespective of neuraminidase pretreatment (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I); (3) lectins binding to K, but to M/MC only after neuraminidase pretreatment (soybean, Helix pomatia, and peanut agglutinins). Untreated M were reactive for soybean and peanut agglutinins only at contact sites with K. Since the lectins from soybean, Helix, and peanut bind specifically to D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues, we conclude that these particular glycoconjugates are normally masked by sialic acid on M/MC surfaces and can be unmasked by neuraminidase. These features, which have been previously observed in guinea pig M, appear to be interspecies surface markers of melanocytic cells which remain unaltered in the course of malignant transformation.     

Localization of specific carbohydrate configurations in human skin using fluorescein-labelled lectins

The binding of three fluorescein-labelled lectins by normal human skin has been studied. The patterns of bound fluorescence seen were characteristic for each lectin, indicating that saccharide residues were available for lectin localization in the skin. Concanavalin A (glucose and mannose specific) and ricin 120 (galactose specific) presented similar patterns of localization of fluorescence in the epidermis and dermis. Both lectins presented a continuous band at the dermo--epidermal junction, but with concanavalin A the band was broader, while with ricin 120 the junctional band was thinner and more closely associated with the epidermal interface. With the peanut lectin (galactose specific) fluorescence outlined the periphery of the keratinocytes in the upper Malpighian and granular cell layers only; no junctional band was seen and the dermal appendages and collagen did not fluoresce. The stratum corneum did not fluoresce with any of the lectins studied.     

Isoenzyme characterisation of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Clones of 32 strains of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from patients attending a venereal diseases clinic were compared among themselves and with authentic Pentatrichomonas hominis on the basis of their isoenzyme patterns for eight enzymes by thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. The enzymes examined were: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI); phosphoglucomutase (PGM); malic enzyme (NADP+) (ME); hexokinase (HK); malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (MDH); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); aldolase (ALD); and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). From the isoenzyme patterns of four enzymes (LDH, MDH, HK, and GPI) the strains of T vaginalis could be divided clearly into five groups. PGM showed differences in only one strain, while two other enzyme patterns (ME and ALD) were the same for all the strains of T vaginalis tested. All isolates were clearly distinguishable from P hominis. Although G6PD patterns were not sharp some differences were evident among T vaginalis strains.     

Lectin and proteoglycan histochemistry of Merkel cell carcinomas

Changes in carbohydrate residue expression and in proteoglycan distribution occur during different stages of tumor development and progression. However, few data concerning carbohydrate residue analysis as performed by lectin histochemistry and proteoglycan distribution of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare malignant tumor of the skin, have been reported. Hence, lectin- and proteoglycan immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin wax material of 9 cases of Merkel cell carcinomas characterized by cytokeratin and neurofilament immunohistochemistry. The lectin binding pattern of tumor cells varied between lectins with different sugar binding specificities, while within a given nominal sugar specificity intensities were remarkably similar between tumors from different patients. The most intensive reaction was observed using Con A (mannose/glucose-specific) followed by LCA with the same specificity and the N-Acetyl glucosamine-specific lectins (WGA, UDA, CMA), while no fucose binding sites were detected (UEA-I). In addition, N-Acetyl galactosamine residues were only occasionally detected. The lectin binding pattern of Merkel cell carcinoma cells indicated that predominantly N-linked glycans and not O-linked glycans, typical for mucins of most epithelia, were present. Hence these tumor cells were relatively undifferentiated and resembled stem cells more closely than differentiated epithelia. The tumor stroma was especially evaluated in this study and showed a lectin reaction, which was intermediate between the tumor cells and extra-tumoral stroma. For example, the reactions of N-Acetyl galactosamine-specific lectins were intensive in the extra-tumoral stroma but nearly negative in tumor cells, while the lectin reaction of the intra-tumoral stroma was similar to the cellular reaction. These results indicated an influence of tumor cells on the stromal constituents. Antibodies against chondroitin type glycosaminoglycans reacted with the tumor stroma and the pericellular substance around the tumor cells most intensely in - and around the major tumor septae which, in general, were well vascularized. The most intensive immunoreactivity was detected using the chondroitin-6-sulfate antibody. The cellular and membrane-associated reaction for heparan sulfate was less intensive in comparison to epidermal cells. In conclusion the pattern of lectin-binding sites, the high chondroitin(sulfate) specific reactivity and the relatively low intensity of heparan sulfate immunohistochemistry indicate a low degree of differentiation and high malignity of the tumors, which is consistent with the clinical behavior of Merkel cell carcinomas.     

Resistance of the yeast-like fungi strains isolated from different ontogeneses of patients

The susceptibility of the yeast-like fungi strains was assessed using the Fungitest method. The yeast-like fungi strains isolated from 406 patients with symptoms of candidiasis (oral cavity, vagina, urethra, skin, nails, and stomach) were evaluated. Differences between the susceptibility of strains isolated from different sites of the body to tested drugs were found. High resistance of tested strains to several antimycotics were identified. Fungitest is an easy and effective method in assessing the susceptibility of yeast-like fungi strains to antimycotics.     

应用聚合酶链反应检测某些机会致病真菌的初步探讨

目的 探讨快速检测某些机会致病性直菌的方法。方法 以源于医学机会致病性真菌１８ｓｒＲＮＡ保守区的一对寡核苷酸序列为引物,利用聚合酶链反应对医学上重要机会致病性真菌ＤＮＡ进行扩增。结果 ３属７种２９株重要机会致病性直菌,经扩增均出现一条１９７ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段,而对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓假单胞菌、人白细胞则不扩增。以溴化乙啶染色,该ＰＣＲ方法对白念珠菌ＤＮＡ的最低检出限为１ｐｇ。３０份临床标