Greater trochanteric versus piriformis fossa entry nails for femur shaft fractures: Resolving the controversy

BackgroundIntramedullary nailing is the treatment of choice for shaft of femur fractures in adults. Antegrade nails involve entry through either piriformis fossa (PE) or greater trochanteric (GT) tip. The superiority of one entry point over the other is a matter of debate, and the present review was done to determine the same.Research questionIs GT entry for antegrade femur nailing superior to the PE for shaft femur fractures in adults?ObjectiveThe present systematic review was conducted to determine the superiority of one entry point over the other by comparing the outcome parameters like operative time, exposure to fluoroscopy, mal-unions, non unions, abductor weakness, varus malalignment and Harris Hip scores (HHS).MethodologyThree databases of PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS were searched for relevant articles that directly compared GT with PE for nailing in shaft femur fractures in adults.ResultsWe analysed a total of 9 studies published between the years 2011–2017. There were 5 retrospective and 4 prospective studies, out of which 3 were randomised. The total number of patients was 256 in GT group and 460 in PE group.OutcomesThere was significant superiority of GT entry over PE on meta analysis; lesser operation time: standard mean difference (SMD): -21.01; lesser exposure to fluoroscopy : SMD: 36.36; lesser incidence of abductor weakness: Odd’s ratio (OR): 14.35; better functional outcome (HHS): SMD -2.48.ConclusionGT entry nails are superior to PE nails for treating shaft of femur fractures in adults. They have a shorter learning curve and better functional outcomes, however the rates of union are comparable in both.     

A critical analysis of the eccentric starting point for trochanteric intramedullary femoral nailing

OBJECTIVES: Antegrade femoral intramedullary nailing through a greater trochanteric insertion site has been proposed for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures. The currently available trochanteric nails have dissimilar characteristics, and the most appropriate insertion site for satisfactory subtrochanteric fracture alignment has not been determined. This study is an analysis of 5 different trochanteric femoral nails and 3 different insertion sites using a cadaveric model of a reverse obliquity subtrochanteric femur fracture to determine the optimal trochanteric entry site. SETTING: OSHA-approved cadaveric laboratory with an OEC 9800 (General Electric Company, Fairfield, CT) fluoroscopic C-arm. METHODS: Twenty-one embalmed human cadaveric femurs were stripped of soft tissues. Three different starting points on the anteroposterior radiograph were used: at the tip of the greater trochanter, and 2 to 3 mm medial and lateral to the tip. A reverse obliquity subtrochanteric fracture was created. The Trochanteric Antegrade Nail (TAN), Gamma nail (2nd and 3rd generations), Trochanteric Fixation Nail (TFN), and the Holland Nail were then inserted. The proximal bend and radius of curvature were calculated for each nail. Varus and valgus angulation as well as lateral gapping were measured on radiographs; also calculated were the mean, range, and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed on angulation and gapping at the fracture site by using Fisher least significant differences analysis, based on a 2-way ANOVA test. RESULTS: The Holland nail had a proximal bend of 10 degrees and a radius of 300 cm. TAN was 5 degrees and 350 cm, TFN was 6 degrees and 150 cm, Gamma 2 was 4 degrees and 300 cm, and Gamma 3 was 4 degrees and 200 cm. The tip starting point led to the most neutral alignment regardless of nail. The lateral starting point led to varus with all nails. The medial starting point led to valgus of >6 degrees with the Holland and TFN; Gamma and TAN had better alignment with <4 degrees of valgus. Gapping of the lateral cortex was greatest with a lateral starting point. CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of 5 trochanteric intramedullary nails with different proximal bends and 3 different starting points in the greater trochanter showed that the tip of the trochanter is close to the "universal" starting point. In this cadaveric subtrochanteric fracture model, the tip starting point led to the most neutral alignment regardless of nail used. The lateral starting point led to varus and gapping of the lateral cortex with all nails. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subtrochanteric fractures treated with a trochanteric antegrade nail should have an acceptable reduction before nail insertion. The tip of the trochanter, or even slightly medial, on anteroposterior fluoroscopy is recommended as the universal starting point for these nails. However, slight deviations from this point and nail geometry can cause fracture site malalignment. A lateral starting point led to varus alignment and should be avoided.     

The primary stability of angle-stable versus conventional locked intramedullary nails

Purpose  

The aim of this study was to compare the initial biomechanical characteristics of the angle-stable locking system for intramedullary nails using the new biodegradable sleeve with conventional locking in the treatment of unstable distal tibial fractures.     

接骨板螺钉与髓内钉固定在肱骨干骨折中的应用

目的比较接骨板螺钉与髓内钉固定对闭合性肱骨干骨折的治疗效果。方法 2004年1月至2008年12月,86例闭合性肱骨干骨折患者分别采取接骨板螺钉与髓内钉手术内固定治疗。接骨板螺钉组48例（男31例,女17例）,平均年龄35.6岁（17～65岁）,骨折分型采用AO分型：A型22例,B型16例,C型10例。髓内钉组38例（男26例,女12例）,其中1例为双侧肱骨干骨折,平均年龄32.5岁（22～56岁）,A型15例,B型17例,C型6例。比较两组手术时间、手术出血量、骨折愈合时间、肩关节功能和并发症情况,进行回顾性分析。结果髓内钉组在手术时间与出血量上皆明显少于接骨板螺钉组,两者具有明显差异。而在骨折愈合时间、肩关节功能方面无统计学差异。接骨板螺钉组出现骨折不愈合而内固定失效1例。两组出现术中桡神经损伤各1例,皆经保守治疗后神经功能完全恢复。结论接骨板螺钉与髓内钉固定的治疗效果并无明显差异。解剖锁定接骨板髓外固定的适应证扩大至肱骨远近端近关节处骨折。治疗效果更多取决于术者的经验、手术条件和骨折类型。     

倒置微创锁定接骨板与髓内钉治疗股骨转子部骨折疗效对比分析

 目的 比较倒置使用微创锁定接骨板(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)与髓内固定治疗股骨近端转子部骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2004年3月至2011年5月采用倒置LISS或髓内固定系统治疗362例股骨转子部骨折患者资料,其中采用倒置LISS固定70例(倒置LISS固定组),男32例,女38例;年龄45～87岁,平均73.4岁。采用髓内固定系统治疗292例(髓内固定组),男125例,女167例;年龄14～96岁,平均74.7岁。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间、骨愈合情况、术后并发症发生率及关节功能。结果 倒置LISS固定组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间分别平均为120 min、100 ml、12 d,髓内固定组分别平均为80 min、100 ml、10 d。倒置LISS固定组术后3例发生下肢深静脉血栓栓塞,髓内固定组术后10例发生下肢深静脉血栓栓塞、3例发生肺栓塞。倒置LISS固定组63例、髓内组257例获得随访,平均随访时间26.9个月。术后髋关节Harris评分,倒置LISS固定组为平均为75分,优良率42.9%(27/63);髓内固定组为平均77分,优良率41.6%(107/257)。倒置LISS固定组术后7例出现螺钉断裂,并发症发生率为11.1%(7/63);髓内固定组2例发生髋螺钉退出、9例发生螺钉穿入髋臼,并发症发生率为4.3%(11/257)。髓内固定组内固定相关并发症发生率明显低于倒置LISS固定组。结论 倒置LISS和髓内固定均能有效治疗转子部骨折,术后髋关节功能二者无显著差异。倒置LISS术后内固定相关并发症发生率高于髓内固定。     

Randomized prospective study of humeral shaft fracture fixation: intramedullary nails versus plates

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiographic results for locked intramedullary (IM) nails and plates used in the treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures. DESIGN: Prospective randomization by sealed-envelope technique of eighty-four patients into two study groups: those treated by intramedullary nailing (IMN group; n = 38) and those treated by compression plating (PLT group; n = 46). SETTING: Patients admitted consecutively to a university-affiliated Level I trauma center. PATIENT/PARTICIPANTS: All skeletally mature patients admitted to Harborview Medical Center with acute humeral shaft fractures requiring surgical stabilization. Fractures of the diaphysis were defined as being at least three centimeters distal to the surgical neck and at least five centimeters proximal to the olecranon fossa. INTERVENTION: Treatment with locking antegrade intramedullary humeral nails (Russell-Taylor design [Smith and Nephew Richards]) or with 4.5-millimeter dynamic compression and limited contact dynamic compression plates (AO design [Synthes]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical outcome measurements included fracture healing, radial nerve recovery, infection, and elbow and shoulder discomfort. Radiographic measurements included fracture alignment, time to healing, delayed union, and nonunion. RESULTS: Follow-up averaged thirteen months. Forty-two fractures (93 percent) in the PLT group were healed by sixteen weeks versus thirty-three fractures (87 percent) in the IMN group (p = 0.70). Shoulder pain and a decrement in shoulder range of motion (ROM) were significant associations with IMN (p = 0.007 for both variables) but not with PLT. A decrement in elbow ROM was significantly associated with PLT (p = 0.03), especially for fractures of the distal third of the diaphysis, whereas elbow pain was not (p = 0.123). The sum of other complications demonstrated nearly equal prevalence for both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: For patients requiring surgical treatment of a humeral shaft fracture, intramedullary nailing and compression plating both provide predictable methods for achieving fracture stabilization and ultimate healing.     

自制髓内钉固定锁骨骨折的基础研究

[目的] 测量、研究锁骨的解剖学特征,研制一种带锁髓内钉固定锁骨中段骨折,探讨其优缺点.[方法] 通过对60根成人锁骨及5具成人新鲜尸体标本的测量、实验,测量锁骨长度,外侧段与中段夹角、中段与内侧段夹角,锁骨最窄处直径,锁骨最窄处髓腔内径等数据.设计出带锁髓内钉,采用髓内穿钉、髓外锁定的方法固定锁骨中段骨折.[结果] 锁骨全长为(14.82±1.15)cm,外侧段与中段夹角、中段与内侧段夹角均为30.左右,锁骨最窄处直径为(1±0.16)cm,锁骨最窄处髓腔内径为(0.5±0.18)cm.由锁骨中段骨折端逆行穿导针并扩髓,根据锁骨的形状适度折弯髓内钉,由近端或远端插入髓腔,分别锁定远、近端,固定稳定可靠.[结论] 自制带锁髓内钉固定锁骨中段骨折,手术创伤小、直视下复位满意而且固定可靠.但相关生物力学数据还有待于进一步研究.     

重建钉治疗股骨转子下骨折

目的 报告重建钉治疗股骨转子下骨折的临床效果。方法 1997年1月～2003年6月间采用Russell—Taylor重建钉治疗股骨转子下骨折5l例，Russell—TavlorIA型9例，IB型26例，n型2例，IIB型14例。高能量损伤34例，低能量损伤17例。33．3％(17例)合并其它损伤．开放骨折5例。结果 平均随访18．5月(3～36个月)，5l例骨折全部愈合，临床骨愈合时间平均为术后13．5周(8～26周)。患肢功能按Sandcns髋关节创伤评分标准，优良率达94．11％(48／51)。3例老年患者术后关节疼痛。结论 用Russell—Taylor重建钉治疗各种类型的股骨转子下骨折都能取得良好疗效，骨愈合率高，并发症少。     

The standard sagittal starting point and entry angle for tibia intramedullary nails results in malreduction of proximal tibial fractures

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology - The aim of this study was to determine the sagittal starting point and entry angle necessary for anatomic reduction in proximal tibial...     

股骨近端防旋髓内固定治疗高龄股骨转子周围骨折

目的探讨应用股骨近端防旋髓内固定(PFNA或Gamma3)治疗高龄股骨转子周围骨折的疗效。方法对65例高龄股骨转子周围骨折患者经详细术前评估后,在透视下行骨折闭合复位,采用PFNA或Gamma3行内固定。术后第2天开始功能锻炼。随访时对骨折复位情况、内固定效果、髋关节功能及并发症等进行分析。结果 65例患者术中、术后复位效果评估:PFNA组优12例,良5例,差4例,优良率81%;Gamma3组优25例,良11例,差8例,优良率81.8%。51例获得完整随访,时间6～12个月,术后24周时HSS评分为58～85(63.5±16.5)分。Gamma3组术后发生深静脉血栓2例,PFNA组发生深部感染1例,均经治疗后痊愈;术后4周内PFNA组2例发生螺旋刀片股骨头内切出,二次取出内固定;无神经损伤及骨不愈合等发生。结论对高龄股骨转子周围骨折患者采用PFNA或Gamma3髓内固定治疗均可获得较好的临床疗效。     

老年不稳定性股骨转子骨折髓内固定的治疗策略

目的探讨应用股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nail,PFN）治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子骨折的手术方法及术后功能锻炼策略。方法采用PFN治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子骨折77例79侧,男29例29侧,女48例50侧。年龄60—95岁,平均73．6岁。根据AO／ASIF骨折分型：A2型56例58侧,A3型21例21侧。术后早期功能锻炼。对骨折复位情况、内固定效果、髋关节功能、术中及术后并发症等进行统计。结果术中复位效果优良率100％,手术操作优良率81％～84．5％。术后3～6个月时骨折均愈合。随访1～2年,髋关节功能恢复良好,无复位丢失、内固定失败等。结论PFN能提供可靠的内固定,用于老年不稳定性股骨转子骨折的治疗临床效果良好。     

Biomechanical comparison of a 2 and 3 proximal screw-configured antegrade piriformis intramedullary nail with a trochanteric reconstruction nail in an unstable subtrochanteric fracture model

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the stiffness and ultimate load to failure of new intramedullary (IM) nail proximal screw configurations as compared to a trochanteric reconstruction nail. METHODS: Twenty-one synthetic composite femurs were mounted on a Material Testing System and tested in axial compression 5 times. The femurs had an 1 of 2 IM nail types inserted with 1 of 3 proximal screw configurations: a 3-screw configuration with 2 transverse screws and a screw angled into the femoral neck; a 2-screw design with a single transverse screw and a single screw angled into the femoral neck; 2 parallel screws angled into the femoral neck. There were 7 specimens in each group. An unstable fracture (OTA/AO 32-C3.2) was created. and the stiffness of these constructs was tested in compression 5 times. Each construct was then loaded to failure in compression. RESULTS: The 3-screw construct provided more axial stiffness (214 N/mm +/- 75) than either the 2-screw construct (123 N/mm +/- 32) or the trochanteric reconstruction nail (127 N/mm +/- 21) (P = 0.017 and 0.035 for 3-screw vs. 2-screw and recon respectively, P = 0.45 for 2-screw vs. recon). Load-to-failure testing demonstrated similarity among the different screw configurations (3-screw = 2230 N +/- 265, 2-screw = 2283 N +/- 260, Reconstruction nail = 2121 N +/- 156) (P = 1.0 all groups). CONCLUSIONS: The proximal 3-screw configuration provided more stiffness than either the 2-screw configuration or trochanteric reconstruction nail. The 2-screw configuration performed equally to a standard trochanteric reconstruction nail in stiffness testing. The ultimate loads to failure for the 3 tested constructs were not significantly different.     

自锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折

目的探讨自锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效。方法2003年3月～2005年3月采用肩人路顺行自锁髓内钉内固定治疗32例肱骨干骨折患者,其中新鲜骨折30例,陈旧性骨折骨不连2例。术后根据肩、肘关节活动范围对其功能进行评价。结果所有患者术后获4～18个月(平均9个月)随访,骨折均愈合,愈合时间为12～20周。肩、肘关节功能按陈子华等标准进行评价：优23例,良8例,差1例,优良率为96．9%。术后无继发性桡神经损伤、切口感染及骨不连发生。结论自锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折具有固定可靠、创伤小、并发症少、干扰轻等优点,骨折愈合率高,功能恢复良好,适合临床应用。     

Computational comparison of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary tibial nails.

We compared, via a computational model, the biomechanical performance of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary tibial nails to treat fractures in three different locations: proximal, mid-diaphyseal, and distal. Two finite element models were analyzed for the two nail types and the three kinds of fractures. Several biomechanical variables were determined: interfragmentary strains in the fracture site, von Mises stresses in nails and bolts, and strain distributions in the tibia and fibula. Although good mechanical stabilization was achieved in all the simulated fractures, the best results were obtained in the proximal fracture for the unreamed nail and in the mid-diaphyseal and distal fractures for the reamed nail. The interlocking bolts, in general, were subjected to higher stresses in the unreamed tibial nail than in the reamed one; thus the former stabilization technique is more likely to fail due to fatigue.     

Cephalomedullary nails in the treatment of high-energy proximal femur fractures in young patients: a prospective, randomized comparison of trochanteric versus piriformis fossa entry portal

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare a cephalomedullary nail that uses a piriformis fossa starting point to one that uses a trochanteric starting point, in the treatment of high-energy proximal femur fractures in young patients. Our hypothesis was that a nail that uses a trochanteric starting point would result in less blood loss than a nail that uses a piriformis fossa starting point. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized. SETTING: Level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS: Thirty-four consecutive patients aged between 18 and 50 years who sustained a subtrochanteric, intertrochanteric, or ipsilateral femoral neck/shaft fracture due to a high-energy injury were enrolled. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to have their fractures repaired with a Russell-Taylor Recon Nail or Howmedica Long Gamma Nail. Surgery was performed on a fracture table, in supine or lateral position according to the surgeon's preference. Direct fracture exposure was avoided. Reduction was obtained through traction, patient positioning, and manual pressure. If necessary, stab-wound incisions were made to introduce instruments to improve reduction. Intramedullary reamers were used, and all nails were statically locked. Bone grafting was not used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood loss, incision length, duration of surgery, and body mass index were recorded for each patient. Surgeon's assessment of ease of use of the device and quality of reduction were noted. Patients were to be followed up to assess fracture union. Hip and knee ranges of motion at latest follow-up were measured. Radiographs obtained at the time of union were assessed for varus malalignment. Return to work status was recorded, and the Harris Hip Score was used to assess hip function. RESULTS: There were 17 patients in each group. The 2 groups did not differ with regard to blood loss, incision length, and duration of surgery or intraoperative complications. Body mass index was significantly linked to duration of surgery (P<0.001) and incision length (P<0.001). Surgeon's assessment of ease of use and reduction quality for the two devices did not differ. The rate of varus malunion did not differ between the 2 groups. Two patients were lost to follow-up before fracture union. All other fractures healed with no need for bone grafting or other procedures to obtain union. One obese patient developed a wound infection that resolved after debridement and a course of antibiotics. A total of 6 patients were lost prior to their 1-year follow-up visit. Among the remaining 28 patients, at an average follow-up of 14 months, no difference was noted between the 2 groups with regard to return to work status, Harris Hip Score, or hip and knee ranges of motion. CONCLUSIONS: Both devices yield predictably good results in these difficult fractures. We found no difference between the two devices with regard to incision length, duration of surgery, blood loss, reduction, ease of use, union rate, complication rate, or outcome.     

Fixation stability of comminuted humeral shaft fractures: locked intramedullary nailing versus plate fixation

BACKGROUND: This study compared the fixation stability of two treatments for humeral shaft fractures with segmental bone loss during cyclic, physiologic loading. METHODS: Six matched pairs of human humeri received either a 10-hole broad dynamic compression plate or a locked antegrade inserted humeral nail applied to a humeral diaphyseal osteotomy with a 1.5-cm gap defect. The bone-implant humeral constructs were axially loaded for 10,000 cycles at 250 N and 500 N, with measurements of gap displacement and calculation of construct stiffness. The specimens were then loaded to failure. RESULTS: Cyclic loading showed no difference between the two groups for average gap displacement or construct stiffness. The intramedullary nail constructs failed by humeral shaft splitting (n = 4) or head cut-out (n = 2) at an average of 958.3 N, whereas the plate constructs failed by humeral shaft splitting and screw pull-out (n = 3) or plate bending (n = 3) at an average of 641.7 N (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although both methods offer similar fixation stability under physiologic loads, the higher load to failure demonstrated by intramedullary nail fixation may have implications for the patient with multiple injuries for whom partial weightbearing on the injured upper extremity may be necessary.     

短与长髓内钉治疗不稳定粗隆下骨折的有限元分析

[目的]对长、短型髓内钉治疗Seinsheimer V型不稳定骨折进行有限元分析,为临床提供生物力学证据。[方法]三维重建Sawbones股骨模型,制备包含四部分骨折块且有20 mm范围内侧缺损的粗隆下骨折模型。制作长、短髓内钉模型。将模型进行匹配、网格划分、赋值属性等有限元分析前处理。装配、定义接触面、边界条件、载荷设置,进行有限元分析。[结果]随着外力增加长钉以及短钉治疗下各组参考指标均呈线性增长,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。2 000 N载荷下,短钉组近端骨块最小位移显著小于长钉组[(16.397±0.044) mm vs(17.210±0.044)mm,P0.001],短钉组近端骨块最大位移也显著小于长钉组[(28.578±0.020) mm vs(31.171±0.013) mm,P0.001。此外,短钉组近端骨折线缝隙显著小于长钉组[(1.396±0.074) mm vs(1.798±0.052) mm,P0.001],短钉组外侧骨折线缝隙显著小于长钉组[(0.525±0.012) mm vs(0.755±0.017) mm,P0.001]。[结论]短髓内钉较长髓内钉有更佳的控制骨折块移动和对骨折块的把持力,应做为股骨粗隆下骨折内固定的首选。     

InterTan髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的初步疗效观察

目的 探讨新一代股骨近端髓内钉InterTan治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效.方法 2008年7月至2009年3月共收治27例股骨转子间骨折患者,男15例,女12例;左侧13例,右侧14例;年龄40～86岁(平均67.5岁).骨折根据改良Evan标准分型:IA型4例,IB型6例,HA型8例,ⅡB型7例.Ⅲ型2例.11例合并严重骨质疏松.27例患者受伤至手术时间平均为4.4d(1～9 d).所有患者均采用InterTan髓内钉治疗.对患者手术情况、术后Harris髋关节评分、疼痛、骨折愈合、X线片随访及术后并发症等情况进行评估.结果 27例患者手术时间平均为(56±12)min(35～126 min),失血量平均为(176±42 mL)(115～440 mL).26例患者术后获平均8个月(5～11个月)随访,1例术后2个月死亡.26例患者骨折均获愈合,平均愈合时间为(2.9±0.7)个月(2～6个月).术后Harris髋关节评分评定结果:优9例,良11例,中4例,差2例,优良率为76.9%.术后92.6%的患者在短期内疼痛缓解.3例出现头颈部短缩,无髋内翻、骨干骨折和内置物失效、断裂等并发症发生.结论 新一代股骨近端髓内钉InterTan治疗股骨转子间骨折可取得较为满意的临床疗效,骨愈合率高,并发症少.     

髓内钉与外固定治疗胫腓骨骨折疗效的Meta分析

[目的]应用系统评价的方法比较开放性胫腓骨骨折治疗中应用交锁髓内钉与外固定的疗效,为临床实践与研究提供参考。[方法]计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、Pubmed、Web of Science关于交锁髓内钉和外固定治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折疗效比较的研究,末次检索时间为2015年7月,选择适合本研究特点的质量评价标准对纳入文献进行质量评价,使用Stata 13.0软件进行Meta分析。[结果]通过检索得到相关文献163篇,根据纳入、排除标准最后筛选得到14篇文献,包括开放性胫腓骨骨折患者1 101例。其中,交锁髓内钉治疗组517例,外固定治疗组584例。对比交锁髓内钉和外固定治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折的愈合优良率(Johner-Wruh标准评定疗效)(OR=2.21,95%CI=1.48-3.31,P=0.0001)差异有统计学意义,而术后感染的发生率(OR=1.52,95%CI=0.91-2.55,P=0.291)、骨折愈合时间(SMD=-0.38,95%CI=-1.08-0.33,P=0.296)、术后延迟愈合或不愈合的发生率(OR=1.38 95%CI=0.79-2.44,P=0.266),术后骨不连的发生率(OR=1.22,95%CI=0.46-3.26,P=0.693),差异没有统计学意义。[结论]交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折优于外固定组。