血清甲状腺素检测对肝硬化患者的临床意义

目的：探讨肝硬化患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法：回顾分析经相关检查确诊的肝硬化患者125例。根据肝功能Child—Pugh分级分为A级、B级、C级3组,36例健康体检者为对照组,分别分析其游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（F13）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平,并结合肝功能分级进行比较。结果：肝硬化患者血清FT3、FT4水平显著低于健康对照组（P〈0．01）,肝功能Child-Pugh B级组患者血清FT3、FT4水平显著低于A级组患者（P〈0．05）,肝功能Child-PushC级组患者血清FF3、FT4水平显著低于B级组患者（P〈0．01）。结论：肝硬化患者进行血清甲状腺素水平的检测有助于判断其病情严重程度及预后。     

血清甲状腺激素水平与肝硬化类型的相关性研究

目的 探讨不同类型肝硬化患者血清甲状腺激素水平的改变情况。方法 选择2010年1月至2013年6月本院住院治疗的原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）、酒精性肝硬化和病毒性肝炎后肝硬化患者共84例,回顾性统计患者血清甲状腺激素和总胆红素检测结果。结果 84例患者根据疾病类型分为PBC组17例、酒精性肝硬化组25例、病毒性肝炎后肝硬化组42例。3组患者血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）和血清总甲状腺素（TT4）均降低,且3组患者间差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.001和P=0.001）,其中以PBC患者外周血TT3水平最低,酒精性肝硬化患者外周血TT4水平最低。相对于无黄疸患者,有黄疸的肝硬化患者血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）和TT3水平下降明显,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.001和P=0.001）。结论 肝硬化患者多存在甲状腺激素水平的异常改变,且不同类型肝硬化患者血清甲状腺激素改变可能存在差异。     

肺心病患者血清甲状腺素含量变化及其临床意义

目的探讨105例无甲状腺疾病的肺心病患者血清甲状腺激素（TT3、TT4、FTT3、FTT4）及促甲状腺素（TSH）的含量变化及其关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法测定肺心病急性加重期45例，缓解期35例和正常对照者25例的血清甲状腺激素水平。结果肺心病急性加重期血TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4水平均低于健康对照组和缓解期组（P〈0．01）；肺心病缓解期组TT3低于健康对照组（P〈0．01），但TT4水平无差异。3组患者TSH水平无差异。结论血清甲状腺激素水平的变化反映了肺心病患者的全身状态和严重程度，动态检测血清中甲状腺激素水平可以观察肺心病的发展和转归。     

老年COPD肺心病患者血清甲状腺激素的观察分析

目的探讨老年COPD肺心病患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化。方法用放射免疫法分别测定COPD合并肺心病急性发作组42例,缓解组30例,对照组35例,血清TT3、FT3、TT4、FT4和TSH水平,同步抽取外周动脉血作血气分析,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果COPD合并肺心病急性发作各组血清TT3,FT3,IT4,FT4均值均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,亦低于缓解期患者（P〈0．05）,差异有显著性。血清TSH在各组之间差异无统计学意义。经治疗,心功能改善后,血清TT3,FT3,TT4,FT4显著回升,TSH无显著性变化（P〉0．05）。结论老年COPD合并肺心病患者,存在低甲状腺激素综合症,血清甲状腺激素水平有助于判断病情的严重程度,亦有助于疗效观察及估计预后。     

慢性肺心病呼吸衰竭患者血清甲状腺激素检测及意义

用放免法测定62例慢性肺心病急性加重期呼吸衰竭患者（观察组）与45例同期收治的慢性肺心病缓解期患者（对照组）血清甲状腺激素。结果观察组血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、甲状腺激素（TT4）游离T3（FT3）、游离T4（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;FT3与缺氧呈正相关,与PaCO2呈负相关;Ⅰ、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者TSH、FT4有显著差异（P〈0.01）。提示血清甲状腺激素水平的变化对慢性肺心病患者的病情及预后有一定的临床参考价值。     

急性乙型肝炎患者血清甲状腺激素水平变化

目的研究急性乙型肝炎患者血清中甲状腺激素水平变化情况,观察患者甲状腺激素水平的动态变化和甲状腺激素水平异常与发病时间的关系。方法急性乙型肝炎患者36例作为观察对象,健康体检的36人作为对照组。检测其入院时的甲状腺激素水平：血清总甲状腺素（TT4）、血清总三碘甲腺原氨酸（TT3）、血清游离甲状腺素（FT4）、血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）,并与对照组比较。对异常者1周后复查甲状腺激素水平,以后每周复查1次,直至正常,观察其动态变化。结果急性乙型肝炎患者血清甲状腺激素TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3水平较对照组增高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。TSH较对照组降低,但TSH均在正常值范围内,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。入院时TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3高于正常值者在第三周全部转为正常。结论急性乙型肝炎患者血清甲状腺激素TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3水平升高,对于升高超过正常值者不需要治疗,随着肝功能逐渐好转,短期可恢复正常。     

老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者血清甲状腺激素变化观察分析

目的探讨老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化。方法用放射免疫法分别测定COPD缓解期患者50例，COPD急性加重期无呼衰患者42例，COPD急性加重期合并呼衰患者53例血清TT3、FT3、TT4、FT4和TSH水平并对数据进行统计学分析。结果急性加重期各组血清TT3，FT3，TT4，FT4均值均明显低于缓解期患者（P〈0．05），差异有显著性，其中以呼衰组患者最低。FT3，TT3水平下降与Pa02下降成正相关。死亡组TT3，FT3，TT4，FT4水平低于存活组（P〈0．05），但TSH值无明显差异。结论老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者，存在低甲状腺激素综合症，血清甲状腺激素水平有助于判断病情的严重程度，亦有助于疗效观察及估计预后。     

AECOPD患者甲状腺激素水平变化及临床意义

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者甲状腺激素水平的变化,探讨其临床意义。方法采用化学发光法测定102例AECOPD患者血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、总甲状腺素（TT4）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺素（TSH）水平,并与84例健康体检者进行对照。结果 AECOPD血清TT3、TT4、FT3与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;好转组与死亡组AECOPD患者血清TT3、FT3比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;无呼吸衰竭组与Ⅰ型呼衰组、Ⅱ型呼衰组患者血清TT3、FT3比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论血清甲状腺激素水平变化反映AECOPD患者病情严重程度,可用于AECOPD患者病情的评估。     

2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能的状态及其临床意义

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义.方法 选择179例住院2型糖尿病患者,根据病情将其分为单纯血糖升高组（A组）58例,急性代谢紊乱组（B组）55例,严重合并症组（C组）66例,设正常对照组34例.所有患者入院后检测血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH,同时检测血糖、C肽和血脂水平.治疗后死亡18例,存活161例,存活者于出院前复查甲状腺激素水平.结果 女性患者的TSH水平显著高于男性（P〈0.01）,FT3,和FT4水平则低于男性（P〈0.05）;存活者治疗后各组TT3、FT3较治疗前有明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,C组TSH治疗后有所下降（P〈0.05）;死亡者治疗前TT3、FT3水平明显低于存活者（P〈0.01）;相关分析显示,随着糖尿病患者FBG和HbAlc的升高,FT3、TSH呈下降趋势.结论 2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能状态与血糖、年龄、性别、病程和疾病严重程度有关;监测血清甲状腺激素水平可作为2型糖尿病病情严重程度及估计预后的一项参考指标.     

老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者疾病严重程度与血清甲状腺素水平的关系

目的探索老年慢性阻塞性肺病（chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,COPD）患者血清甲状腺素水平与疾病严重程度的关系。方法用放射免疫法测定了49例健康老年人（对照组）和235例老年COPD患者（包括缓解期和急性加重期患者）血清TT3、TT4、FT4、FT3和TSH水平并对数据进行统计学分析。结果与对照组相比,COPD缓解期患者血清甲状腺激素水平无明显差异,而急性加重期患者甲状腺激素水平明显降低（P〈O．05o急性加重期的三组：无肺心病和呼衰组（A组）、有肺心病无呼衰组（B组）、呼衰组（C组）,B组和C组的甲状腺激素水平基本上都较A组低,但仅有FT3和TT4有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,其中以呼衰组患者最低。另外,FT3水平下降与PaO2下降成正相关。而且COPD死亡组患者除TSH（p〉0．05）外,其余甲状腺激素水平均明显低于存活组（P〈0．05.结论COPD患者存在着明显血清甲状腺激素水平的异常,患者甲状腺激素水平与COPD的严重性、进展和预后有一定关系。     

Serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with liver disease.

Levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), and thyroxine (T4) were determined in 29 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, seven patients with acute hepatitis, and 14 control patients hospitalized for chronic disease. Serum T3 levels were decreased significantly and serum rT3 levels increased significantly in the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Serum T3 and T4 levels were lower and rT3 levels higher in the cirrhotic patients who died within three months of the study compared with those who survived. A combination of prothrombin time, aminopyrine breath test results, and rT3 and T3 determinations gave significant predictive information about survival in patients with cirrhosis. The data suggest that assay of serum thyroid hormone levels together with prothrombin time and the aminopyrine breath test may be helpful in assessing the course and prognosis of patients with liver disease.     

The effect of propranolol on thyroid function in patients with liver cirrhosis

The effect of propranolol on thyroid hormones of 7 healthy subjects and 10 patients with histologically proven alcoholic liver cirrhosis was investigated. The fractions of plasma T3 and free T4 were determined by specific radioimmunoassay before and after two weeks of propranolol administration. Under basal conditions, both T3 and FT4 levels were found significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy subjects (1.86 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.41 nmol/l, p less than 0.001; 9.31 +/- 0.41 vs. 8.17 +/- 0.91 pg/ml, p less than 0.05, respectively). In healthy subjects propranolol administration led to a significant reduction of T3 serum levels (from 1.88 +/- 0.10 to 1.51 +/- 0.12 nmol/L, p less than 0.001), while in patients with liver cirrhosis no significant changes in T3 and FT4 were found. In patients with liver cirrhosis propranolol administration did not affect thyroid hormone levels.     

Thyroid gland size and function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver

Thyroid dysfunction has long been reported in patients with liver disease, but limited information is available on thyroid gland size in cirrhosis. Most studies were carried out on small, selected series of patients, and no study has measured thyroid volume in relation to the etiology of liver disease. Thyroid volume was measured at ultrasound in 118 consecutive patients with cirrhosis of different etiology and 48 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. No subjects had evidence of overt thyroid disease. The mean volume was increased by 17% (from 16.0 [SD 5.2] ml in controls to 18.8 [7.6] in cirrhosis; P less than 0.025), and thyroid enlargement (antero-posterior diameter greater than 20 mm) was present in 38% of cases, in the presence of hormone values indicative of low-T3 syndrome. No significant differences in thyroid gland size were observed in relation to the extent of liver dysfunction or to the etiology of liver disease. The prevalence of thyroid nodules was similar in controls and in patients with cirrhosis. In only 8% of cases were laboratory values indicative of hypothyroidism, with low free triiodothyronine and raised thyroid-stimulating hormone levels; in these patients thyroid volume was decreased on average by 26%. This was mainly the case with patients with primary biliary and alcoholic cirrhosis. The largest mean thyroid volume was observed in patients with HBsAg + ve postnecrotic cirrhosis, whose thyroid volume was increased on average by 37%, and 53% of subjects had thyroid enlargement. This finding raises the question of a possible direct involvement of the thyroid in hepatitis B virus infection.     

Menopausal age and sex hormones in postmenopausal women with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease.

In order to evaluate age at menopause and serum sex hormone profiles in postmenopausal women with stable chronic liver disease, six non-cirrhotic alcoholics, 13 with alcoholic cirrhosis, eight with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, and 46 healthy controls were studied. In all three groups, patients were significantly (p less than 0.05) younger at the time of natural menopause than controls. Compared to controls, non-cirrhotic alcoholic women had significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced levels of DHAS, significantly (p less than 0.05) more alcoholic cirrhotic women had detectable oestradiol concentrations, elevated concentrations of oestrone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and reduced levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), while women with non-alcoholic cirrhosis had significantly elevated concentrations of SHBG and reduced levels of oestrone sulphate, DHT, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) (p less than 0.05). The observed changes may be a consequence of liver disease since similar changes were observed in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, but an additional effect of alcohol cannot be excluded.     

Elevated growth hormone levels in patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease

High serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were found in five patients with chronic liver diseases, including auto-immune chronic active hepatitis (two cases), Budd-Chiari syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatitis B virus associated cirrhosis. Mean levels of GH were 27.8 units (normal up to 5). In three patients elevated prolactin levels were also found (mean 37.3 units for two females, normal up to 20), and 36 units in one male (normal up to 9). No other endocrine disorders were found. Although the association of raised GH levels in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is well known, its occurrence in patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease is not fully established. We describe the effect of the disease course, and steroid treatment on GH levels in one patient with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis, and propose possible mechanisms for this elevation.     

肝硬化严重程度与甲状腺素水平、肝纤维化指标及血清糖链抗原125相关性分析

目的 探讨肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级与甲状腺素水平、肝纤维化指标以及血清糖链抗原（CA） 125的相关性.方法 选择2010年12月～2012年12月我科就诊的肝硬化患者92例,根据Child-Pugh评分分级分为A级组、B级组和C级组3组,并另设健康对照组.比较各组患者血清甲状腺素水平、肝纤维化指标、血清CA125.结果 3组患者血清总甲状腺素（TT4）、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）和游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平均低于对照组,B级组低于A级组,C级组低于B级组（P＜0.05）;3组患者透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）、层黏连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PC-Ⅲ）水平均明显高于对照组,B级组高于A级组,C级组高于B级组（P＜0.05）;3组患者分别与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B级组与A级组比较、C级组与B级组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 甲状腺素、纤维化指标及CA125可作为肝硬化严重程度Child-Pugh分级法的辅助指标,对准确评估病情和预后具有重要的临床意义.     

Serum thyroglobulin in acute and chronic liver disease

In view of the widespread use of serum thyroglobulin determination in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the influence of acute and chronic liver disease on serum thyroglobulin concentration was investigated in thirty-seven consecutive patients with histologically proven alcoholic liver cirrhosis and twenty-three patients with acute non-alcoholic hepatitis. Seventy-four healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum thyroglobulin concentration was significantly elevated in cirrhosis: median 29.5 micrograms/l, (range 4.3-94.0 micrograms/l) compared to controls: median 16.0 micrograms/l, (range 4.8-89.6 micrograms/l), (P less than 0.001). Serum thyroglobulin concentration in patients with acute hepatitis: median 16.2 micrograms/l, (range 7.9-70.0 micrograms/l) was not significantly different from controls. The level of free-T3-index was significantly reduced and the level of free-T4-index was significantly elevated in both cirrhosis and hepatitis compared to controls. Serum TSH concentration was significantly elevated in cirrhosis compared to hepatitis and controls. Serum thyroglobulin levels were positively correlated to levels of free-T3-index (r = 0.35, P less than 0.05) and T3/T4-ratio (r = 0.40, P less than 0.05) but not to levels of serum TSH or free-T4-index or any of the liver function tests in any of the groups. In conclusion, our results do not clearly indicate whether the elevated serum thyroglobulin level in cirrhosis was caused by an impaired elimination and/or an increased secretion from the thyroid gland. The increase in serum thyroglobulin concentration in chronic alcoholic liver disease was not of a magnitude likely to cause misinterpretation of results obtained during the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.     

Growth hormone in females with liver cirrhosis

The median plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH) in 63 women with liver cirrhosis was significantly elevated when compared with a control group (4.4 ng/ml vs 1.8 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). In 38% of the patients GH concentration was higher than 6.0 ng/ml. GH correlated significantly with the degree of decompensation of the cirrhosis (Child A-C). It was not influenced by the concentrations of estradiol, estrone, or testosterone. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) induced paradoxial GH increase (delta-GH) in 23 patients showed no significant difference to the data of the control group (2.7 ng/ml vs 0.8 ng/ml). The etiology of cirrhosis (alcoholic or non alcoholic) proved to be unimportant concerning the GH elevation. A missing correlation of GH to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and of delta-GH to TRH induced increase of TSH (delta-TSH) argues against the hypothesis that latent hypothyroidism - often described in cirrhosis - might be responsible of the GH elevation.     

酒精性肝硬化患者细胞因子改变的临床研究

目的探讨细胞因子在酒精性肝硬化发病机制中的作用。方法对酒精性肝硬化代偿期和失代偿期患者及健康者用放射免疫分析法检测细胞因子的含量进行分析。结果代偿期IL-6升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,IL-10下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;失代偿期IL-10无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,TGFβ、IL-6、IL-8、TNFα均升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论酒精性肝硬化患者随着病情加重,细胞因子IL-6、IL-8、TNFα、TGFβ逐渐升高,IL-10无明显改变,对疾病的诊断及治疗有一定的指导作用。