正交设计法优选人参气雾剂中挥发油成分的 CO2超临界萃取工艺

目的：优选人参气雾剂中人参等5味药材的 CO2超临界萃取工艺条件。方法：以丹参酮 IIA 提取率为评价指标,采用 HPLC 测定丹参酮IIA 含量,选取萃取压力、萃取温度及萃取时间为考察因素,通过正交试验优选人参气雾剂处方中5味药材的 CO2超临界萃取工艺条件。结果：优选的萃取条件为萃取温度50℃,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取时间3小时。结论：优选的挥发油萃取工艺稳定可行,可推广使用。     

超临界CO2萃取眩晕定方中5味药材的工艺研究

目的优选超临界CO2萃取眩晕定方中5味药材的工艺条件。方法以萃取率、丹参酮ⅡA、阿魏酸、丹皮酚含量为评价指标,高效液相色谱法定量,采用正交设计试验法,探讨超临界CO2萃取眩晕定方中5味药材的萃取温度（A）、萃取压力（B）、夹带剂（C）、萃取时间（D）等最佳工艺参数。结果超临界最佳提取工艺条件为萃取温度40℃、萃取压力25MPa、夹带剂95％乙醇、萃取时间1．5h。结论该提取工艺有效成分损失少,生产周期短,工艺稳定可行,适合于药厂加工生产。     

超临界CO_2萃取丹参及超声强化超临界工艺探讨

目的：探索超临界CO2萃取及超声强化超临界CO2萃取丹参酮工艺。方法：以丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮及总丹参酮提取率为考察指标,正交试验法优选丹参超临界CO2萃取工艺参数,并用平行试验考察超声强化超临界提取工艺。结果：丹参超临界CO2萃取工艺为：药材粉碎过20目筛,以与药材等量的95%乙醇作夹带剂,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间2 h;通过超声强化作用,萃取压力可降至18 MPa,萃取时间缩短至1.5 h,丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、总丹参酮的提取率分别提高0.50%、1.11%、0.28%。结论：丹参超临界CO2萃取丹参酮工艺稳定、可行,超声对超临界CO2萃取丹参酮具有强化作用。     

SCFE-CO2法提取决明子中蒽醌类成分的工艺研究

目的确定CO2-超临界流体提取决明子中蒽醌类成分的最佳工艺。方法采用正交试验法,单因素考察法,优选CO2-超临界流体最佳提取条件,确定最佳提取工艺。结果 CO2-超临界流体最佳提取条件为：萃取温度60℃,萃取压力20MPa,萃取时间2h,加75%乙醇为夹带剂。结论本实验优选出的提取工艺合理,CO2-超临界流体萃取法可以用于决明子中蒽醌类成分的提取。     

何首乌药材中蒽醌类成分的提取工艺研究

目的:优选何首乌中蒽醌类成分的最佳提取工艺条件。方法:采用正交试验法,优选出CO2-超临界流体最佳提取条件,确定最佳提取工艺。结果:CO2-超临界流体萃取法为最佳提取方法,萃取最佳条件为:温度40℃,压力20 mPa,时间1 h,以75%乙醇为夹带剂,用量为药材量的1.8倍。结论:本实验优选出的提取方法及工艺条件合理、可行。     

超临界CO2萃取丹参及超声强化超临界工艺探讨

目的:探索超临界CO2萃取及超声强化超临界CO2萃取丹参酮工艺。方法:以丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮及总丹参酮提取率为考察指标,正交试验法优选丹参超临界CO2萃取工艺参数,并用平行试验考察超声强化超临界提取工艺。结果:丹参超临界CO2萃取工艺为:药材粉碎过20目筛,以与药材等量的95%乙醇作夹带剂,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间2 h;通过超声强化作用,萃取压力可降至18 MPa,萃取时间缩短至1.5 h,丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、总丹参酮的提取率分别提高0.50%、1.11%、0.28%。结论:丹参超临界CO2萃取丹参酮工艺稳定、可行,超声对超临界CO2萃取丹参酮具有强化作用。     

超临界CO2萃取白芷中香豆素类成分工艺研究

目的：优选超临界CO2萃取白芷中香豆素类成分的工艺。方法：以欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的总量得率和纯度为考察指标,采用单因素实验研究夹带剂、萃取温度、萃取压力、药材粒径、CO2流量、萃取时间等参数的影响,优选白芷中香豆素的超临界CO2萃取工艺。结果：优选工艺务件为：以40％的乙醇为夹带剂,夹带剂流量为0．10mL·min^-1,萃取温度为55℃,萃取压力为20MPa,药材粒径为20-80目,CO2流量为2．0L·min^-1,萃取时间为1．5h。该工艺条件下,香豆素的平均得率为0．202％,纯度为18．5％。结论：所得优化工艺稳定可靠。     

CO2超临界流体萃取前胡药材中白花前胡甲素

目的：采用CO2超临界流体萃取法提取前胡药材中的白花前胡甲素。方法：采用正交实验设计法优选前胡中白花前胡甲素的最佳萃取条件，并与传统提取方法作比较。结果：以白花前胡甲素的提取量为指标，最佳萃取条件为萃取温度60℃、萃取压力20MPa、萃取时间3h。加入夹带剂乙醇后白花前胡甲素提取量增加，且超临界流体萃取法明显高于水煎煮和加热回流法。结论：CO2超临界流体萃取法提取前胡药材中自花前胡甲素的方法可行、可靠。     

CO2超临界萃取蛇床子中蛇床子素的工艺研究

目的研究CO2超临界萃取蛇床子中有效成分蛇床子素的最佳工艺条件,考察各工艺参数对蛇床子素得率的影响。方法以蛇床子素得率和萃取物中蛇床子素的含量为主要指标,采用L9（3^4）正交设计优选CO2超临界萃取的蛇床子素最佳工艺条件。结果CO2超临界萃取温度、萃取压力及萃取次数均对蛇床子素提取率有较大影响,以萃取温度为40℃,萃取压力为40MPa,萃取3次,每次1h时,蛇床子素得率最高,达98.63％。结论CO2超临界萃取可用于蛇床子中的有效成分蛇床子素的提取,且工艺条件简单、稳定、可行。     

黄杨宁的CO2超临界萃取工艺优选黄杨宁的CO2超临界萃取工艺优选黄杨宁的CO2超临界萃取工艺优选

目的：优选黄杨宁的CO2超临界萃取工艺。方法：采用单因素考察、正交优化方法,以萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间、pH值作为考察因素,以黄杨宁含量为考察指标,对萃取工艺进行筛选。结果：最佳萃取工艺为萃取压力35 MPa、萃取温度35℃、pH值10.5、CO2流量25 kg/h、萃取时间2.5 h。结论：经筛选的萃取工艺合理可行,适于工业生产。 更多还原     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.