加贝酯联合奥曲肽对ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的预防效果

目的 探讨加贝酯联合奥曲肽对ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的临床预防效果。方法 以本院2013年10月至2014年10月收治的130例行ERCP术的患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各65例;两组均采取常规支持治疗,对照组在此基础上服用加贝酯,观察组在对照组基础上联用奥曲肽;比较两组患者胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症发生率、患者治疗满意度和不良事件发生率等情况。结果 （1）观察组术后胰腺炎和术后6 h、12 h和24 h的高淀粉酶血症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）;（2）观察组术后6 h、12 h 和24 h的血清淀粉酶水平低于对照组（P<0.05）;（3）观察组患者满意度优于对照组（P<0.05）;（4）观察组不良反应发生率为4.62%,低于对照组的18.04%（P<0.05）。结论 ERCP术后联用加贝酯和奥曲肽,能显著降低胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症发生率,提高患者满意度,且不良反应少,具有临床推广意义。     

大承气汤保留灌肠预防ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症

目的 研究大承气汤保留灌肠预防ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的临床效果。方法 对上海中医药大学附属普陀医院2019年5 月至2020年6 月收治的80例拟行ERCP术的患者进行前瞻性分析,通过随机分配法分成对照组（40 例）和大承气汤组（40 例）。大承气汤组术前2 h以及术后4 h均予以大承气汤150 mL（38～40 ℃）保留灌肠,手术和术后鼻胆管引流、抗感染及补液对症支持治疗与对照组相同。比较两组术后腹痛症状,ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症发生例数,及术后24 h的血淀粉酶、白细胞、CRP、IL-10 水平。结果 术后大承气汤组与对照组血淀粉酶[（121.6±11.24）U/L vs （229.82±19.12）U/L]、IL-10[（111.62±3.57）pg/mL vs（ 49.12±0.92）pg/mL]、CRP[（7.54±0.67）mg/L vs（ 11.45±1.21）mg/L]、术后24 h腹痛评分[（4.05±0.87）分 vs（ 5.25±1.17）分]差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;白细胞计数[（8.38±0.38）×10⁹/L vs（ 7.49±0.35）×10⁹/L]差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。大承气汤组发生ERCP术后胰腺炎2例（5%）,对照组4例（10%）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;大承气汤组发生术后高淀粉酶血症13例（32.5%）,对照组发生27 例（67.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 大承气汤保留灌肠能够降低ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症的发生率,减轻机体术后腹胀腹痛,降低机体炎症反应;但本研究没有足够证据证明大承气汤保留灌肠可以降低术后胰腺炎发生率。     

吲哚美辛对ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的预防作用

目的观察常规直肠应用吲哚美辛栓剂对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic rectrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎的预防作用。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年12月,池州市人民医院消化内镜中心行ERCP治疗的166例临床患者资料,其中术前预防性使用吲哚美辛栓纳肛的病例94例,未使用吲哚美辛72例,比较两组ERCP术前、术后3 h、术后24 h血清淀粉酶水平及术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎的发生率。结果 2组患者术前血淀粉酶无统计学差异(78.0±6.9 vs 87.8±7.8,P0.05),但吲哚美辛组术后3 h血淀粉酶水平显著低于对照组(175.6±67.7 vs438.6±77.4,P0.01),24 h血淀粉酶也低于对照组(227.8±37.3 vs 239.8±38.1,F=19.93,P0.01)。吲哚美辛纳肛组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率低于对照组(3.2%vs 5.6%,P0.01),吲哚美辛纳肛组ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率也低于对照组(7.4%vs 12.5%,P0.01)。结论 ERCP术前使用吲哚美辛可以预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及术后急性胰腺炎的发生,可以作为常规预防手段使用。     

应用吲哚美辛栓预防经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的作用

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)应用吲哚美辛栓对预防术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的作用。方法将医院106例行ERCP者作为此次研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分组为对照组与观察组,各53例。对照组术后不给予抑制胰腺分泌药物,观察组术后给予吲哚美辛栓。分别于术前、术后3h、24h检测两组血清淀粉酶水平,记录两组术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎发生人数。结果两组患者术后3h、24h血清淀粉酶水平明显高于术前,然观察组术后3h、24h明显低于对照组比较,P0.05。观察组术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎发生率分别为5.66%(3/53)、7.55%(4/53),明显低于对照组32.08%(17/53)、18.87%(10/53),P0.05。结论经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)患者术后应用吲哚美辛栓可有效预防急性胰腺炎的发生。     

吲哚美辛联合生长抑素预防ERCP术后胰腺炎

目的 探讨生长抑素联合吲哚美辛预防性治疗内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术后胰腺炎的效果及对血清淀粉酶水平的影响。方法 选择2017年5月至2018年5月佛山市第一人民医院胆道外科204例行ERCP术的患者为研究对象,随机分为3组,每组68例。A组基础性治疗+安慰剂塞肛,B组基础治疗+术前半小时100 mg吲哚美辛塞肛,C组基础治疗+术前半小时100 mg吲哚美辛塞肛+术中250 μg/h生长抑素泵入11 h。比较各组患者术后胰腺炎发生率,ERCP术后6、12、24及48 h血清淀粉酶变化和临床症状体征评分变化。结果 3组患者年龄、性别、病因、胆总管直径、术中Oddi括约肌切开等基本资料比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。B组和C组术后胰腺炎发生率显著低于A组（P<0.05）。术后6、12、24及48 h B组和C组血清淀粉酶水平、临床症状与体征评分均明显低于A组（P<0.05）。进一步分析显示,C组术后胰腺炎发生率,术后12、24及48 h血清淀粉酶水平及临床症状与体征评分均低于B组（P<0.05）。结论 生长抑素联合吲哚美辛能够有效预防ERCP术后胰腺炎发生,同时有效降低血清淀粉酶水平,改善患者临床症状,疗效优于单独给予吲哚美辛治疗,值得临床推广应用。     

吲哚美辛栓预防ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症临床效果研究

目的观察并比较吲哚美辛栓预防经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的临床效果。方法将2013年6月~2015年6月间本院内镜中心收治的204例接受ERCP诊治患者随机分为2组:吲哚美辛组于术前30min经直肠给与吲哚美辛栓剂100mg,对照组不予任何预防药物。检测所有患者术前、术后6h、12h、24 h血清淀粉酶水平,比较2组患者ERCP术后胰腺炎(PEP)和高淀粉酶血症发生率,观察不良反应。结果 2组患者ERCP术前血清淀粉酶均为正常值。术后6h、12h、24h血清淀粉酶水平与术前比较均升高,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。吲哚美辛栓组、对照组PEP发生率分别为4.00%、18.37%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.810,P0.05);吲哚美辛组、对照组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率分别为32.00%、55.10%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.437,P0.05)。吲哚美辛组未出现严重不良反应。结论 ERCP术前预防性直肠应用吲哚美辛栓可有效降低PEP和高淀粉酶血症的发生率,且安全性好。     

大承气颗粒联合乳果糖肠道准备预防ERCP术后胰腺炎临床观察

目的:探讨中西医结合肠道准备在预防ERCP术后胰腺炎中的应用价值。方法:120例行ERCP患者,根据术前肠道准备方法随机分为口服乳果糖组(对照组)和口服乳果糖加大承气颗粒保留灌肠组(观察组),分析对比ERCP治疗时间,术后疼痛评分,术后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的发生率及两组术前和术后6 h、24 h血清淀粉酶水平。结果:观察组术后6 h、24 h血清淀粉酶水平显著低于对照组同时间点水平(P0.05),观察组术后疼痛评分(2.8±1.6)明显低于对照组(3.5±1.7),(P0.05),观察组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的发病率分别为13.3%和5.0%,均明显低于对照组(分别为11.7%、28.3%,P0.05)。结论:ERCP术前使用口服乳果糖联合大承气颗粒保留灌肠,在一定程度上可以降低术后血清淀粉酶水平,减轻术后腹痛症状。     

生大黄预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的:观察生大黄对内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎(PEP)及高淀粉酶血症的预防作用。方法:选择2012年10月—2013年10月共800例术前血清淀粉酶正常行ERCP患者,患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各400例,术后均予常规治疗外,观察组于ERCP术后口服生大黄浸泡液(1次/3h)至通便为止。比较两组术后相关临床指标。结果:与对照组比较,观察组PEP(2.0%vs.7.5%)、高淀粉酶血症(5.0%vs.16.3%)、术后腹痛发生率(15.0%vs.51.3%)发生率均明显降低(均P0.05),而且术后排便时间明显缩短(10.61hvs.19.51h)(P0.01)。结论:生大黄可降低PEP及高淀粉酶血症的发生率,减轻术后腹痛的发生率。     

舌下含化硝酸甘油预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎效果临床研究

目的探讨舌下含化硝酸甘油预防经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后急性胰腺炎的效果。方法将70例拟施行ERCP的胆总管结石患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组术前予硝酸甘油0.5mg舌下含化,对照组不予硝酸甘油,观察两组术前及术后3、24h血清淀粉酶水平,术前、术后24hCRP,ET,IL-6水平。比较两组急性胰腺炎发生情况。结果观察组术后3、24h血清淀粉酶水平及术后24hCRP,ET,IL-6水平均低于对照组,P均0.05;观察组发生急性胰腺炎1例(3.3%),对照组为5例(16.7%),两组发生率比较P0.05。结论舌下含化硝酸甘油对预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎有重要意义。     

奥曲肽预防经皮经肝穿刺胆道介入治疗后高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎

目的探讨奥曲肽对经皮经肝穿刺胆道介入治疗后高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎的预防作用。方法纳入接受胆道介入治疗的90例患者,随机分为预防组41例和对照组49例,分别于术前1h静脉滴注奥曲肽0.30mg+生理盐水250ml和生理盐水250ml,持续6h;于术前、术后6h和24h检测血清淀粉酶水平,观察相关症状及体征。结果两组术前血清淀粉酶水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);预防组术后6h和24h淀粉酶水平明显低于对照组(P均<0.01);预防组高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎发生率分别为17.07%和2.44%,对照组分别为26.53%和12.24%,预防组均低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论术前预防性应用奥曲肽可降低经皮经肝穿刺胆道介入治疗术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的发生率。     

氯戊米特对逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺功能的影响

目的　探讨氯戊米特对逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)术后胰腺功能的影响。方法　比较对照组 (S组 )、ERCP组 (E组 )及氯戊米特组 (L组 )急性胰腺炎的发生率、血浆胆囊收缩素八肽(CCK OP)、血淀粉酶及胰腺组织的病理变化。结果　E组并发急性胰腺炎 1例 ,S组及L组均无急性胰腺炎发生。E组术后 4h血清淀粉酶及血浆CCK OP均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,术后 2 4h血浆CCK OP与对照组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但血清淀粉酶仍明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。L组术后 4h血清淀粉酶及血浆CCK OP均明显高于S组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但与E组对比明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。术后 2 4h血清淀粉酶及血浆CCK OP与S组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　氯戊米特可有效抑制CCK OP的作用 ,保护ERCP术后胰腺的功能 ,减轻酶血症 ,预防急性胰腺炎的发生。     

Cholecystokinin in the early course of acute post-ERCP pancreatitis

Background: A high dose of cholecystokinin (CCK) agonist cerulein can induce acute pancreatitis in animals. The role of CCK in the induction of acute pancreatitis in humans is unclear. We investigated basal plasma CCK levels before and after induction of post-ERCP pancreatitis to determine CCK levels in the early course of the disease.

Study Design: We determined plasma CCK concentrations in four groups of patients who underwent ERCP: (1) post-ERCP pancreatitis patients (n = 23); (2) patients with post-ERCP hyperamylasemia without pancreatitis (n = 5); (3) patients with post-ERCP abdominal pain without hyperamylasemia (n = 18); and (4) patients with an uneventful post-ERCP period (n = 43). Plasma samples were taken before ERCP, 4 to 8 hours, 10 to 16 hours, and 24 hours after ERCP. Plasma CCK concentrations were determined by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay using CCK antiserum (Euro-Diagnostica, Malmö, Sweden).

Results: Plasma CCK levels increased five-fold early in the course in post-ERCP pancreatitis patients, but not in post-ERCP hyperamylasemia patients or in uncomplicated ERCP patients, where CCK levels temporarily decreased after ERCP. In patients with abdominal pain, CCK levels did not change. After the early increase, plasma CCK levels declined to almost unmeasurable levels one day after the onset of symptoms in post-ERCP pancreatitis. In other groups CCK levels were close to the pre-ERCP level.

Conclusions: It remains to be shown whether CCK is important in the pathogenesis of post-ERCP pancreatitis or merely a secondary phenomenon. There is a rationale to test CCK antagonists in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis.     

导丝引导下选择性胆管插管预防ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的作用

目的 探讨双"十"字交叉标准代替造影剂下的Metro斑马导丝引导下选择性胆管插管技术对ERCP(endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography)术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的预防作用.方法 需要接受ERCP的291例胆系疾病病人随机分为导丝组(149例)和对照组(142例),导丝组ERCP-1造影导管内置Metro导丝直接选择性胆管插管,借助导丝判断胆管,然后再注入造影剂以及其他治疗性操作;对照组则单纯ERCP-1造影选择性胆管插管,注入造影剂判断胆管,再进行其他治疗性操作.比较两组ERCP后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的发生情况.结果 选择性胆管插管成功283例,其中导丝组145例,对照组138例.导丝组术后胰腺炎发生率和高淀粉酶血症发生率均明显低于对照组,且导丝组的胰腺炎严重程度有减轻的趋势.结论 借助双"十"字交叉标准代替造影剂下的Metro导丝引导下选择性胆管插管不仅可以降低ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的发生率,而且可以降低ERCP术后胰腺炎的严重程度.     

Post-ERCP pancreatitis: Reduction by routine antibiotics

Cholangitis and pancreatitis are severe complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Antibiotics have been considered important in preventing cholangitis, especially in those with jaundice. Some have suggested that bacteria may play a role in the induction of post-ERCP pancreatitis. It is not clear, however, whether the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis could be reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis, as is the case with septic complications. In this prospective study, a total of 321 consecutive patients were randomized to the following two groups: (1) a prophylaxis group (n = 161) that was given 2 g of cephtazidime intravenously 30 minutes before ERCP, and (2) a control group (n = 160) that received no antibiotics. All patients admitted to the hospital for ERCP who had not taken any antibiotics during the preceding week were included. Patients who were allergic to cephalosporins, patients with immune deficiency or any other condition requiring antibiotic prophylaxis, patients with clinical jaundice, and pregnant patients were excluded. In the final analysis six patients were excluded because of a diagnosis of bile duct obstruction but with unsuccessful biliary drainage that required immediate antibiotic treatment. The diagnosis of cholangitis was based on a rising fever, an increase in the C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and increases in leukocyte count and liver function values, which were associated with bacteremia in some. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on clinical findings, and increases in the serum amylase level (>900 IU/L), CRP level, and leukocyte count with no increase in liver chemical values. The control group had significantly more patients with post-ERCP pancreatitis (15 of 160 in the prophylaxis group vs. 4 of 155 in the control group; P = 0.009) and cholangitis (7 of 160 vs. 0 of 155; P = 0.009) compared to the prophylaxis group. Nine patients in the prophylaxis group (6%) and 15 patients in the control group (9%) had remarkably increased serum amylase levels (>900 III/L) after ERCP, but clinical signs of acute pancreatitis with leukocytosis, CRF’ reaction, and pain developed in four of nine patients in the prophylaxis group compared to 15 of 15 patients with hyperamylasemia in the control group (P = 0.003). In a multivariate analysis, the lack of antibiotic prophylaxis (odds ratio 6.63, P = 0.03) and sphincterotomy (odds ratio 5.60, P = 0.05) were independent risk factors for the development of post-ERCP pancreatitis. We conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis effectively decreases the risk of pancreatitis, in addition to cholangitis after ERCP, and can thus be routinely recommended prior to ERCP These results suggest that bacteria could play a role in the pathogenesis of post-ERCP pancreatitis.     

Low-dose heparin for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Background  As suggested by observational and animal studies, heparin has antiinflammatory effects that could prevent acute post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Low-molecular-weight heparin did not reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in a controlled study. The current study aimed to determine whether prophylactic administration of low-dose unfractionated heparin, which has potentially more antiinflammatory capability, can prevent acute post-ERCP pancreatitis. Methods  Patients scheduled for ERCP in the authors’ department were randomized to receive unfractionated heparin (5,000 IU) or placebo (saline solution 0.5 ml) administered subcutaneously 20 to 30 min before the ERCP. Patients who had undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy in the past were excluded from the study. Post-ERCP pancreatitis was defined according to criteria established by Cotton: abdominal pain combined with a threefold elevation of blood amylase 24 h after the ERCP. Results  The study enrolled 106 patients. One patient was excluded from the analysis due to inaccessible papilla of Vater, leaving 51 patients in the heparin group and 54 in the placebo group, for a total of 105 patients (62 women and 43 men) with a mean age of 64.6 years. The rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis was not different between the groups (heparin, 4 patients, 7.8%; placebo, 4 patients, 7.4%). Two patients in each group experienced mild bleeding. Conclusions  The study did not demonstrate a significant effect of low-dose unfractionated heparin in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. A multicenter trial with a larger number of patients is needed to demonstrate a benefit from this drug.     

Temporary pancreatic stent to prevent post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a preliminary, single-center, randomized controlled trial

Background Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP) pancreatitis is the most common complication of ERCP, which can occasionally become serious or fatal. This preliminary study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a temporary unflanged pancreatic duct stent (PS) to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis. Methods A total of 64 patients were randomly divided into a control group, which did not undergo stenting, and a stent group. The stent used was a 5-Fr pigtail PS without an inner flange. Results Placement of an unflanged PS was successful and without complications in all 32 patients. The rates of hyperamylasemia were 50.0% and 34.4% in the control and stent groups, respectively (P > 0.05), and the mean serum amylase levels were 456.2 and 257.9 IU/l, respectively (P = 0.035). The overall rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis diagnosed according to Cotton's criteria were 12.5% and 3.1% in the control and stent groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The severity of pancreatitis was severe in one patient, moderate in one, and mild in two in the control group, whereas in the stent group, the single case of pancreatitis was mild. Conclusions Placement of an unflanged 5-Fr PS may be useful in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis.     

Rescue ERCP and insertion of a small-caliber pancreatic stent to prevent the evolution of severe post-ERCP pancreatitis: a case-controlled series

Introduction  Recently prophylactic placement of a trans-sphincteric pancreatic stent has successfully been applied to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Rescue ERCP and emergency application of small-caliber pancreatic stents during the early course of post-ERCP pancreatitis as a possible endoscopic therapy has not been reported yet. Methods  All patients who underwent ERCP were hospitalized for at least 24 h, with routine laboratory testing of amylase levels. Out of 1,225 ERCPs, evolution of severe post-ERCP pancreatitis was anticipated in six consecutive patients, based on severe pancreatic pain attack, more than tenfold elevation of serum amylase levels at 8 and 24 h, and moderate rise of white blood cell (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Rescue ERCP and emergency application of small-caliber (4-5F, 4-cm, Geenen stent) pancreatic stents were successfully performed in all patients within 8–20 h after the initial ERCP. Results  Moderate to severe papillary oedema was observed in all patients during the rescue ERCP. Pancreatic pain was promptly reduced after the rescue pancreatic drainage procedure and completely diminished within 24 h after pancreatic stenting. Serum amylase levels were exponentially reduced and normalized within 72 h in all patients; no pancreatic necrosis or any other late complications were observed. Pancreatic stents could be safely removed a few days later. Conclusion  Rescue pancreatic stenting with small-caliber prophylactic pancreatic stents seems to be a safe and effective procedure that might be feasible to stop the evolution of severe post-ERCP pancreatitis, but prospective controlled studies are clearly demanded to support this innovative approach.     

低分子量肝素预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的：探讨低分子量肝素（LMWH）预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎发生的作用。方法：将60例患者随机分成ERCP组（E组）和ERCP术前LMWH预处理组（H组），每组30例。观察ERCP术后患者的腹痛程度，血清淀粉酶（ AMS），内毒素（ET），一氧化氮（NO）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）等生化指标以及B超下胰腺形态学变化;观察H组术前术后的凝血功能变化。结果：E组腹痛症状加重者5例（16.7％，5/30），明显高于H组（0，0/30）（P<0.05）。两组患者术前各项生化指标水平均无显著差异（P>0.05），术后4h、24hE组血清ET和AMS水平明显高于H组（P<0.05），24h达高峰;E组血清NO水平明显低于H组（P<0.05）;E组各时点IL-6水平均明显高于H组（均P<0.05）。B超下E组1例胰腺有急性炎性改变，H组无凝血功能变化。结论：LMWH能预防或减轻ERCP术后胰腺急性炎症的发生，是一种简便、经济而安全的方法。其机制可能是通过改善微循环、降低炎症介质水平来实现的。