尾侧入路腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术

(1)暴露右髂窝小肠系膜根部与后腹膜粘连形成的黄白线,由此进入Told’s间隙,拓展间隙至头侧肝结肠韧带、肠系膜上血管及属支后方以及胰前间隙。(2)暴露结肠系膜腹侧,充分显露肠系膜上静脉走形,自静脉前纵行切开结肠系膜、解剖肠系膜上静脉,并与右侧融合间隙贯通;其后依次分离中间系膜及血管根部,并沿静脉右侧缘向头侧分离,结扎各结肠血管后切断;处理胃结肠干并离断副右结肠静脉。(3)切开胃结肠韧带进入小网膜囊,分离胃系膜和结肠系膜,扩展系膜间的融合间隙和胰前间隙,在胰腺前方与尾侧间隙相通。(4)完整游离后体外行回肠、横结肠的端侧吻合。     

全腹腔镜根治性右半结肠切除术

术中切开回结肠血管蒂下缘系膜进入正确层面,处理回结肠血管并清扫203组淋巴结;继续扩展右结肠后间隙,处理右结肠血管并清扫213组淋巴结,处理中结肠血管并清扫223组淋巴结;裁剪右侧半大网膜及横结肠系膜,游离结肠肝曲,向下游离整个右半结肠;全腔镜下行回肠横结肠侧侧吻合,标本装袋后取出。     

腹腔镜右半结肠癌CME切除术——尾侧中间联合入路

手术遵循完整结肠系膜切除原则。手术过程包括：探查腹腔;自尾侧从末端回肠系膜根部黄白交界线打开系膜,进入右结肠后间隙,向头侧,外侧拓展该间隙,至十二指肠水平;回到传统中间入路,回结肠血管下方打开结肠系膜,与尾侧方向打开的间隙会师;解剖并高位结扎切断回结肠血管、打开肠系膜上静脉血管鞘,清扫外科干,高位结扎切断右结肠血管、中结肠血管右支,继续拓展分离右结肠后间隙、横结肠后间隙,直至胰腺下缘并进入小网膜囊;打开胃结肠韧带,游离结肠肝曲;打开右侧腹膜,完成肠段游离,体外切除标本、重建消化道。     

优先清扫No.206和No.204组淋巴结的全程无结扎结肠肝曲癌根治术

本文首次报道以头侧入路优先清扫No.206和No.204组淋巴结的结肠肝曲癌根治术。首先,使用LigaSure（LF1937）将胃网膜右系膜连同右结肠及其系膜向尾侧剥离,显露十二指肠降部外侧的Toldt筋膜平面,以及胰十二指肠前筋膜平面和Henle干汇入肠系膜上静脉处;其次,沿着回结肠血管蒂下窝切开回结肠系膜表面的膜桥,在右结肠系膜背侧叶与Toldt筋膜之间向头侧拓展筋膜间隙并与头侧间隙会师;最后,在肠系膜上动脉右侧缘剥离右结肠系膜,运用LigaSure（LF1937）防波堤技术,凝闭并切断回结肠动静脉、右结肠动静脉及中结肠动静脉,清扫No.203、No.213和No.223组淋巴结。     

4K腹腔镜横结肠癌根治术淋巴结清扫与关键技术

腹腔镜横结肠癌根治术难度较大,具有手术区域大、步骤多、临床解剖变异多等特点,需遵循系膜完整切除的清扫原则。4K腹腔镜画面高清,术中可有效辅助对血管的识别保护和离断,判断筋膜间隙,以肠系膜上静脉为指引,中间入路进入Toldt筋膜间隙,完成左、右横结肠及其系膜下区彻底游离清扫和结肠上区、肝曲及脾曲游离。笔者总结实践经验,探...     

腹腔镜扩大左半结肠切除术

采用5孔法,经典中间入路。在右侧输尿管内侧2 cm切开,进入左侧Toldt间隙,自尾侧向头侧锐性分离,清扫肠系膜下动脉根部的淋巴脂肪组织。解剖降结肠及乙状结肠动脉,根部离断。十二指肠空肠曲左侧离断肠系膜下静脉根部,向外侧拓展降结肠后间隙、乙状结肠后间隙和直肠上段后间隙,确认左输尿管及生殖血管以防止损伤。切开并游离横结肠系膜,在胰颈下缘显露中结肠动静脉,于根部离断。沿降结肠沟剪开左侧腹膜,上至脾曲,下至直肠上段,与之前已拓展完成的左结肠后间隙汇合。自胃大弯侧血管弓内离断血管分支,直至根部切断胃网膜左血管,并切断脾结肠韧带,完全游离脾曲。于左侧经腹直肌切口切开腹壁,长约5 cm,将左半结肠拖出体外。在肿瘤近远端10～15 cm横断结肠,行端端吻合术。     

胰腺癌十二指肠切除术

目的采用kocher手法，分离十二指肠降部与下腔静脉之间间隙；分离胃结肠韧带，不保留大网膜，进入小网膜囊，小网膜囊后壁下面即为胰腺前缘；分离横结肠系膜前叶及胰腺背膜，于胰腺下缘找到肠系膜上静脉，分离钳顺着肠系膜上静脉在胰腺后侧打洞分离，直至门静脉；解剖肝十二指肠韧带，游离肝门三管；分别于胃大弯和胃小弯游离韧带，于固定处用直线切割闭合器切断胃；于预定切除处断胰；仔细分离钩突与SMV之间的小静脉、以及可能出现的胃结肠干、胃网膜右静脉等血管；施行胰肠吻合、胆肠吻合、胃肠吻合。     

腹腔镜右半结肠切除术外科间隙的解剖学观察

目的探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术（LRC）相关筋膜和间隙的局部解剖学特点。方法对7具尸体和49例接受LRC的患者进行解剖学观察：比较腹部健康者和结肠癌患者的CT影像资料。结果在升结肠系膜和肾前筋膜之间存在各向交通的右结肠后间隙：其前、后、中线侧、外侧、头侧和尾侧边界分别为升结肠系膜、各向延续的肾前筋膜、肠系膜上静脉、右结肠旁沟腹膜反折、十二指肠水平部下缘和肠系膜根下缘。在横结肠系膜和胰十二指肠之间．存在横结肠后间隙．其头侧以横结肠系膜根为界。在横结肠系膜和大网膜之间,存在胃结肠系膜间间隙。在CT影像上。正常肾前筋膜是与腹横筋膜相延续的等密度细线,右结肠后间隙无法辨认;但对于右侧结肠癌患者,肾前筋膜和右结肠后间隙可能受侵犯而较易辨认。结论右结肠后间隙和横结肠后间隙对于LRC是天然外科间隙．‘肾前筋膜是天然外科平面。     

术中发现胰腺广泛坏死处理意见

在急性胰腺炎手术中,切开胃结肠韧带,看到胰腺有广泛坏死,该怎么办?首先要续继探查全部胰腺和胰腺附近的器官和间隙,观察病变已扩散到什么范围。提示胰腺炎症已外侵的标志是,腹腔内有大量血性渗出物,大网膜、肝十二指肠韧带(近胰头处)、肠系膜根部、结肠肝曲、脾曲的侧腹膜有密集的皂化斑,甚至坏死区,深面有紫褐色血肿可见,小网膜腔、结肠脾曲肝曲后间隙有混浊的以至血性渗液积聚等。即使沿胃大弯切开全部胃结肠韧带只能看到胰腺前面,那是不够的。耍切开脾结肠韧带与脾曲侧腹膜,将脾曲结肠向下向内游离,进入后腹膜间隙,才能显露整个胰体全部和其下缘,以手指从下缘伸入,可以探查体尾部深面,直至上缘。右侧要切开十二指肠外侧腹膜与结肠肝曲侧腹膜,将肝曲下推,就可以用手游离、抬起与探查胰腺头部和钩突的深面,直到门静脉与肠系膜血管根部,只有做到以上游离范围,才可以无遗漏地探查到整个胰腺,也方便以后的手术操作和置放引流。     

左半结直肠癌合并降结肠系膜旋转不良的解剖学分型和腹腔镜手术

目的初步探讨左半结直肠癌合并降结肠系膜旋转不良(PDM)的解剖形态与分型, 并探究应用腹腔镜根治手术的安全性。方法本研究为描述性病例系列研究。回顾性分析2021年7月至2022年9月间, 福建医科大学附属协和医院结直肠外科数据库中实施腹腔镜根治手术的995例左半结肠和直肠癌患者的临床资料, 对其中24例(2.4%)合并PDM者回顾影像学资料和手术录像, 观察降结肠及系膜分布形态, 评估腹腔镜根治手术的可行性和并发症。根据解剖学形态特点, 将PDM分型如下:0型为PDM合并中肠旋转不良或升结肠系膜旋转不良;1型为横结肠与降结肠移行处系膜未固定;2型为PDM降结肠在肠系膜下动脉水平附近明显内移, 其中不越过腹主动脉者为2A型, 越过腹主动脉者为2B型;3型为降乙交界结肠系膜未固定, 在肠系膜下动脉水平以下明显内移。结果 24例术中诊断左半结直肠癌合并PDM患者中, 仅有9例(37.5%)术前影像被部分外科医师阅片时发现并诊断。全组患者男性22例, 女性2例;年龄为(63±9)岁。24例PDM分型如下:0型占4.2%(1/24);1型占8.3%(2/24);2A型和2B型分别占37.5%(9...     

Mobilisation de l’angle colique gauche par cœlioscopie : technique opératoire

The clue of the mobilization of the splenic flexure is a complete division of the root of the transverse mesocolon along the pancreas. After the section of the terminal part of the inferior mesenteric vein, the retrogastric cavity is opened and the root of the mesocolon is cut from the right to the left onto the parieto-colic attachment. Thereafter the coloepiploic attachments are divided. The retromesocolic dissection is continued from top to bottom without opening the Gerota's fascia.     

Laparoscopic colonic splenic flexure mobilization: surgical technique

The clue of the mobilization of the splenic flexure is a complete division of the root of the transverse mesocolon along the pancreas. After the section of the terminal part of the inferior mesenteric vein, the retrogastric cavity is opened and the root of the mesocolon is cut from the right to the left onto the parieto-colic attachment. Thereafter the coloepiploic attachments are divided. The retromesocolic dissection is continued from top to bottom without opening the Gerota's fascia.     

以肠系膜上静脉为标识中线入路法在右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的探讨以肠系膜上静脉为标识的中线入路法在右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术中的安全性与有效性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月河南省肿瘤医院普外科采取以肠系膜上静脉为标识的中线人路法行肝曲结肠癌(T4b)右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术13例患者的临床病理资料,以肠系膜上静脉为标识向上延伸作为肿瘤切除的内侧界。结果本组13例患者均顺利完成手术。平均手术时间(249±27)min,平均术中出血量(442±129)ml,平均清扫淋巴结(20±4)枚。术后发生胰漏2例,胃瘫1例,无吻合口狭窄、腹腔感染、肠梗阻、肠系膜损伤等并发症。术后平均住院时间(23.2±9.4)d。结论以肠系膜上静脉为标识中线人路法行右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术符合无瘤原则和结肠系膜完整切除原则,并且安全、可行。     

Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery for Cancer: What Is the Role of Complete Mesocolic Excision and Splenic Flexure Mobilization?

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer is nowadays routinely performed worldwide. After the introduction by Heald of total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, also a complete mesocolic excision has been advocated as an essential surgical step to improve oncologic results in patients with colon cancer. The complete removal of mesocolon with high ligation of the main mesenteric arteries and veins and the mobilization of splenic flexure are well-known but still debated in western surgical society. The authors reviewed the literature and outlined the rationale and the results of splenic flexure mobilization and complete mesocolic excision in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.     

全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术三角吻合术

先确定肿瘤位置,沿横结肠边缘超声刀游离横结肠系膜前叶,向右游离至结肠肝曲,左至脾曲,离断网膜左血管,清扫4sb,4d淋巴结;沿结肠中动脉及其分支分离,向上暴露肠系膜上静脉、右结肠静脉、胃网膜右静脉,骨骼化胃网膜右动脉于根部切断;裸化十二指肠下缘,暴露胃十二指肠动脉,肝总动脉胃左脾动脉和腹腔干,切断胃左动脉清扫第7.8.9.11p组淋巴结;向下剥离裸化肝十二指肠韧带,清扫第12a组淋巴结,并向上彻底清扫第1,3,5组淋巴结,使用内镜下直线切割吻合器离断十二指肠球部,胃体。扩大脐部穿刺孔至取出标本,缝合切口。重建气腹,行胃大弯和十二指肠后壁三角吻合。     

Right lateral position for laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization

Aim Standard laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization is often hampered by redundant small bowel and usually necessitates additional ports. The retraction required runs the risk of inadvertent injury to the surrounding structures including the spleen. Method We present a new technique that permits a safe, rapid and complete mobilization of the splenic flexure even for the more difficult patients. Results We have used it in 15 consecutive patients without mortality, re‐operation or conversion to open surgery. Conclusion The right lateral position for splenic flexure mobilization gives better exposure of the left upper quadrant allowing complete dissection of the splenic flexure from the tail of the pancreas facilitating mobilization even in more difficult cases.     

LAPAROSCOPIC LEFT ADRENALECTOMY: A NEW APPROACH

Left adrenalectomy has been performed previously via anterior, posterior, loin or thoracoabdominal approaches. In the classical transabdominal approach the left adrenal gland is resected following either mobilization of the spleen with the tail of the pancreas or after entering the lesser sac, mobilizing the inferior border of the pancreas off the adrenal gland. This report describes laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, in a patient with Conn's syndrome, performed by a new approach via the root of the left transverse mesocolon.     

An unusual variant of a left paraduodenal hernia diagnosed and treated by laparoscopic surgery: Report of a case

An 80-year-old woman who had undergone both a cholecystectomy and an appendectomy presented with intermittent abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an encapsulated circumscribed cluster of jejunal loops in the left upper quadrant. The hernia orifice was adjacent to the left side of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. An upper gastrointestinal series also revealed a cluster of jejunal loops, suggesting the possibility of an internal hernia. Laparoscopic surgery was performed. The hernia orifice was found to be caused by abnormal adhesion between the transverse mesocolon and the jejunum mesentery. An adhesiotomy reduced the jejunum entrapped in the hernia. The hernia space was a large mesocolic fossa composed of transverse mesocolon and mesentery, continuing to the splenic flexure. The hernia was classified as a variant of paraduodenal hernia.     

门静脉冷灌注下全胰切除术

Cold perfusion of liver can significantly alleviate the ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by hepatic blood flow occlusion. We have modified the technique of cold perfusion of liver and applied it to total pancreatectomy for patients with pancreatic head carcinoma complicated with metastasis to the body and tail of pancreas and with portal invasion. After skeletonization of the hepatoduodenal ligament, the amputation of the portal vein and blockage of the superior mesentoric vein were performed before portal perfusion. Meanwhile, pancreatic head resection, duodenectomy, subtotal gastrectomy and partial resection of the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein were carried out. Superior mesenteric vein and portal vein bypass grafting was achieved with artificial vessels. The digestive tract was reconstructed after it was freed of the spleen and resection of the body and tail of pancreas to the left side of superior mesenteric vein, greater omentum and intestine from the end of the colon to splenic flexure of colon. The patient was followed up for 3 months, and the general condition was good, although diarrhea frequently occurred. No tumor metastasis occurred.     

Surgical Treatment and Subsequent Outcome of Patients with Carcinoma of the Splenic Flexure

Extended resection, comprising extended right hemicolectomy, splenectomy, and distal pancreatectomy, has been advocated for carcinoma of the splenic flexure because the lymphatic drainage at this site is variable. The present study addresses the problems associated with selecting the most appropriate operative procedure to achieve cure of splenic flexure cancers. We conducted a retrospective review of 27 patients with splenic flexure cancer who under-went curative resection. Left partial colectomy was performed in 20 patients and partial resection of the transverse/descending colon was performed in 7 patients. The combined resection of adjacent organs due to tumor adherence was performed in three patients. The spleen and distal pancreas were the organs most frequently resected among a collective total of six adjacent organs. The median duration of follow-up was 60.9 months after resection for splenic flexure cancer. No patient developed local recurrence. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival between patients with splenic flexure cancers and those with colon cancers at other sites. In conclusion, splenic flexure cancer resected by left partial colectomy or partial resection of the transverse/descending colon without routine extended resection was not associated with a worse prognosis than colon cancers at other sites. Received: February 17, 2000 / Accepted: September 26, 2000