激光与超声乳化白内障术后角膜内皮及眼压变化分析

目的 比较激光乳化白内障吸除术与超声乳化白内障吸除术对角膜内皮形态、密度及角膜厚度的影响,及手术前后眼压的变化.方法 对30例(32只眼)白内障病人行激光乳化及后房型人工晶体植入术,同期进行30例(35只眼)超声乳化及后房型人工晶体植入术,对术眼手术前后角膜内皮细胞损失率、六边形细胞百分率、角膜厚度以及眼压的变化进行比较.结果 激光组术后1周、1个月及3个月角膜内皮损失率分别为7.56%、5.26%及5.12%,均明显小于超声组的10.31%、11.04%及8.37%;激光组六边形细胞百分率分别为52.49%、53.28%及53.60%,均明显大于超声组的45.30%、46.61%及46.63%;角膜厚度增加率激光组为11.26%、4.91%及2.45%,与超声组的12.69%、5.69%及2.92%相比无统计学差别,眼压手术后2小时及20小时与术前比有统计学差异,但两组术后3天、1周、1个月及3个月的眼压与术前比无统计学差异,两组之间术前及术后各时间点相比无统计学差异.结论 激光乳化术较超声乳化术对角膜内皮损伤更小,安全性更高.     

不同切口入路白内障超声乳化术后角膜内皮细胞变化的观察

目的:观察3.2 mm透明角膜小切口白内障超声乳化吸除折叠人工晶体植入术和5.5 mm巩膜隧道切口白内障超声乳化吸除硬性PMMA人工晶体植入术对角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法:应用Noncon-ROB06000型(日本)非接触式角膜内皮显微镜对两种不同切口白内障超声乳化吸除病例的术前和术后不同时间角膜内皮细胞进行细胞密度和形态学的检查。结果:两种不同切口术后1、2、3个月角膜内皮细胞密度及形态改变两组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);两组间术后不同时间角膜内皮细胞其损失比较经统计学分析差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:3.2 mm透明角膜小切口白内障超声乳化折叠人工晶体植入术是一种快捷、可靠的手术方式并不增加对角膜内皮细胞的损伤程度。     

白内障超声乳化手术角膜内皮变化情况及对术前风险评估的意义

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化术对角膜内皮细胞的影响及对术前风险评估的意义.方法 选取2018年10月至2019年10月于本院行超声乳化术联合人工晶状体植入术的白内障患者60例,于手术前后开展角膜内皮检查,观察其角膜内皮细胞改变情况.结果 60例患者术后出现角膜水肿43例(角膜水肿1级20例,2级16例,3级7例,4级0例),无角膜水肿17例.不同角膜水肿等级术前角膜内皮细胞密度比较差异无统计学意义,术后1～3级角膜水肿患者角膜内皮细胞密度均明显下降(P<0.05),水肿消退时间逐渐延长.术后1周、术后1个月角膜内皮细胞直径、CV明显高于术前(P<0.05),细胞密度、6A％则明显低于术前(P<0.05).术后1个月角膜内皮细胞直径、CV较术后1周时明显下降(P<0.05),细胞密度、6A％高于术后1周时水平(P<0.05).结论 白内障超声乳化手术会造成角膜内皮细胞损伤,引发角膜水肿,术后1周是角膜内皮细胞损伤及角膜水肿的关键期.3级及以下角膜水肿在术后1个月,中央角膜内皮细胞形态及密度开始改善,角膜水肿基本消退.围手术期加强对角膜内皮细胞及角膜水肿的监测,对评估手术风险,提高手术安全具有重要意义.     

白内障非超声乳化小切口手术对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的:比较白内障非超声乳化小切口手术对年龄相关性白内障不同发展阶段术后视力、角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法:将我院2009~2011年收住并行非超声乳化小切口手术的148例年龄相关性白内障患者,根据术前晶体核硬度分为两组,分别对术前及术后视力、角膜水肿及角膜内皮细胞密度进行分析。结果:两组患者术后3天视力与晶状体核硬度有显著相关性,而术后1周时视力与晶状体核硬度无显著相关性;术后两组角膜内皮细胞密度分析差异有统计学意义;两组术后角膜水肿程度差异有统计学意义。结论:对于晶体核硬度较高的年龄相关性白内障患者,行非超声乳化小切口手术对角膜内皮细胞影响明显,而视力不受影响。     

超声乳化白内障摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术角膜内皮细胞变化的动态研究

目的 :观察超声乳化白内障摘除术对角膜内皮细胞的影响 ,探讨评价白内障超声乳化术安全性的客观指标。 方法 :分别选择老年性白内障行超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术和囊外摘除及人工晶体植入术各 30例 ,利用计算机辅助的接触型角膜内皮显微镜观测术前术后角膜内皮细胞密度及形态的动态变化 ,并对视力、散光及其它并发症进行监测分析。 结果 :超声乳化组角膜内皮丢失率为 2 2 .0 % ,囊外组为2 0 .9% ,手术前后内皮细胞密度、平均细胞面积及变异系数、六角形细胞所占比例均有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5) ,术后 1周、术后 1月、术后 3月之间无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5) ,两组之间 ,差异无显著性。结论 :超声乳化白内障摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术对角膜内皮的损伤不大于白内障囊外摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术 ,术中角膜内皮细胞的丧失是角膜水肿的主要原因。     

肾上腺素对高度近视并发白内障患者角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的观察不同浓度肾上腺素对高度近视并发白内障患者超声乳化白内障吸除术后角膜内皮细胞的影响,探讨术中应用。肾上腺素的合理浓度。方法选取高度近视并发白内障患者90例（90眼）,随机分为3组（每组30眼）,分别于灌注液中加入0．1mL、0．2mL及0．5mL肾上腺素,每组30眼,均行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶体植入手术,于术前及术后1周采用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜行角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例检查。结果3组术前角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组术后1周角膜内皮细胞密度分别为（2495．24±326．08）mm^-2、（2457．45±355．12）mm^-2、（2425．38±312．68）mm^-2,六角形细胞比例分别为（47．85±12．01）mm^-2、（45．20±9．43）mm^-2、（44．35±8．13）mm^-2。3组术后角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例均较术前减少,其差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后各组间比较,随加入肾上腺素浓度增加,角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例逐渐下降,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高度近视并发白内障患者角膜内皮细胞对手术损伤及肾上腺素毒性损害的耐受性降低,在有效维持术中瞳孔散大状态的同时,选用浓度较低的肾上腺素,可减少对角膜内皮细胞的损害。     

白内障不同手术切口和术式术后角膜内皮细胞的变化

目的 比较白内障手术不同的手术切口和术式术后角膜内皮细胞的变化。方法 应用TOPCONSP-2000P式角膜内皮显微镜,计数行透明角膜切口超声乳化法、巩膜隧道切口超声乳化法、小切口ECCE法手术白内障病人术前以及术后3、6、12个月角膜内皮细胞数量,计算细胞平均密度及细胞平均丢失率。结果 3种不同术式及切口术后角膜内皮细胞密度差异无显著性（F=0．62～0．99,P〉0．05）,角膜内皮细胞的丢失率差异亦无显著性（χ^2=0．76～0．91,P〉0．05）。结论 白内障手术切口、术式与术后角膜内皮细胞丢失无直接关系。     

强度减轻法在硬核白内障超声乳化中的应用

目的:探讨强度减轻法在硬核白内障手术中的应用效果.方法:对109只眼4级以上核用强度减轻方法.超声乳化头与核角度变大,在中心以下,靠近切口的位置用超声乳化方式将核吸除,将超声乳化头插入核,对冲式劈核乳化吸除.结果:109只眼顺利完成手术,超声乳化时间平均40秒.术后 3 个月矫正视力≥0.8者, 占78%.角膜水肿12例, 中度角膜水肿10例,后囊破裂3例.结论:强度减轻法在硬核白内障超声乳化手术中是一种简单,安全的好方法.     

超声乳化白内障摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术角膜内皮细胞变 …

观察超声乳化白内障除术对角膜内皮细胞的影响,探讨评价白内障超声乳化术安全性的客观指标。方法：分别选择老年性白内障行超声乳化摘除及人工晶植入术和囊外摘除及人工晶体植入术各３０例,利用计算机辅助的接触型角膜内皮显微镜观测术前术后有膜内皮细胞密度及形态的动态变化,并对视力,散光及其它并发症进行监测分析。结果超声乳化组角膜内皮丢失率为２２．０％,囊外组为２０．９％,手术前后内皮细胞密度、１平均细胞面积及变     

白内障超声乳化吸出术对角膜内皮细胞损伤机制的实验性研究

目的：评估白内障超声乳化吸出术中各个损伤因素在角膜内皮细胞损伤中所占的比率。方法：14只家猫28眼分为4组，处理因素为超声能量、超声乳化摘除或不摘除晶体，以不同的能量摘除晶体。手术前后分别测量中央角膜内皮细胸密度。结果：不摘除晶体而单纯释放超声能量组的角膜内皮细胞密度手术前后没有统计学差异，摘除晶体组的角膜内皮细胞密度均下降，且所使用能量的越大角膜内皮细胞密度下降程度越大。结论：白内障超声乳化手术中，晶体核碎片引起角膜内皮损伤是首要因素，而其他因素在正常的手术过程中对角膜内皮细胞的损伤很小。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.