应用宫内节育器的妇女沙眼衣原体感染与子宫内膜中铜含量的关系

目的:探讨女性生殖道沙眼衣原体(CT)感染与宫内节育器(IUD)种类及内膜中铜含量的关系。方法:用聚合酶链反应检测65例置含铜IUD及97例置不锈钢单环的妇女宫颈分泌物CT;对因症取出IUD的20例妇女,取器后刮取子宫内膜,用原子吸收分光光度法测子宫内膜铜含量。结果:放置含铜IUD者CT感染率(3.1%)明显低于置不锈钢单环者(12.3%),P<0.05;放置含铜IUD的妇女子宫内膜铜含量明显高于置不锈钢单环者(P<0.05)。结论:含铜IUD对生殖道CT感染有抑制作用。含铜IUD可能通过释放的铜离子来发挥抗CT作用。     

不同类型宫内节育器致子宫异常出血198例分析

子宫异常出血是放置宫内节育器(IUD)后的主要副反应。我院10年来对1070例有适应证的育龄妇女放置不同类型的IUD,其中子宫异常出血198例,现就不同类型IUD致子宫异常出血的情况报道如下。1临床资料1995-12-2005-12我院对有适应证的育龄妇女放置IUD1070例。年龄20～40岁,放置时间1～9年,其中有异常子宫出血198例,出血时间在放置IUD后3～5年。所有出血病例均经超声、宫腔镜检查,排除子宫占位性病变引起的出血;实验室检查血红蛋白、出凝血时间及血小板均无异常;取宫颈或宫腔内分泌物培养及抽血行免疫荧光抗体测定。结果:细菌感染73例(36.87…     

宫内节育器机械性损伤因素的探讨(附宫腔镜及病理组织学检查)

目的根据宫腔镜检查和子宫内膜病理组织学检查的结果探讨IUD引起的出血原因.方法对放置IUD≥6个月异常子宫出血者51例,对照组24例进行了宫腔镜检查,观察了子宫内膜情况及部分病理组织学检查.结果发现IUD异常在研究组占84.3%,对照组占25%(P＜0.01).其中部分与宫腔不相适应有关.放置IUD引起子宫内膜的病理改变较对照组严重,其中尤以子宫内膜充血水肿,慢性炎症,出血,组织坏死等多见.使用宫腔镜检查IUD机械性损伤可以初步判断引起副反应的原因,在临床上有一定的实用价值.     

输卵管阻塞患者宫颈和输卵管衣原体、支原体的检测分析

目的 研究输卵管阻塞患者输卵管分泌物衣原体(CT)、支原体(UU)阳性率。方法39例经腹腔镜诊断为输卵管阻塞、要求行输卵管再通手术患者为实验组,26例因其他病因行手术治疗、输卵管正常患者为对照组,采用多聚酶链反应技术(PCR) 对实验组和对照组患者宫颈分泌物和输卵管分泌物CT和UU进行检测。结果 实验组宫颈分泌物CT、UU的检出阳性率分别为35.9%(14/39)、38.5% (15/39),输卵管分泌物的CT、UU检出阳性率分别为25.6％(10/39)、5.1％(2/39);与对照组比较,宫颈分泌物CT、UU感染无明显差异P>0.05);输卵管分泌物CT阳性检出率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。实验组CT阳性检出率高于UU检出率,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。39例术中输卵管不同程度增粗、管壁增厚,其中19条输卵管管壁增厚,僵硬,管壁纤维化,管腔消失。结论 宫颈和输卵管是CT、UU感染的好发部位,CT、UU能损害输卵管粘膜,造成输卵管阻塞,引起输卵管性不孕。     

IUD致异常出血子宫内膜螺旋动脉形态学变化初探

为了探索置IUD后致异常出血与螺旋动脉功能之间的关系,我们对置IUD后异常出血者与无异常出血者各10例的子宫内膜,分别进行光、电镜观察,并以10例未置 IUD 者作对照。结果显示置 IUD 者异常出血组子宫内膜螺旋动脉管壁变性严重、管腔扩张明显,尤以海绵层为甚。置 IUD 无异常出血组呈轻度变性与扩张。结果表明;置 IUD 异常出血与海绵层螺旋动脉收缩功能下降有关。     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应在临床检测沙眼衣原体和解脲支原体的应用

目的:检测不孕妇女和自然流产患者生殖道沙眼衣原体（CT）和解脲支原体（UU）的感染率。方法:采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应方法,检测223例生殖门诊不孕妇女和自然流产患者宫颈分泌物CT DNA和UU DNA,同时选择50例正常早孕妇女宫颈分泌物作为对照。结果:原发不孕组妇女宫颈分泌物CT DNA和UU DNA阳性检出率分别为26.0％（平均拷贝数为:2.18X105/mL）和26.7％（平均拷贝数5.3 X105/mL）,高于正常早孕组（P<0.05）;继发性不孕组CT和UU阳性检出率分别为23.8％（平均拷贝数为:1.42X105/mL）和34.4％（平均拷贝数为2.77X105/mL）,与正常早孕组相比有显著差异（P<0.05）;习惯性流产组CT和UU阳性检出率分别为17.9％（平均拷贝数为:0.53X105/mL）和21.4％（平均拷贝数为:1.5 X105/mL）与正常早孕组相比无统计学意义。结论:荧光定量PCR可作为临床常规检测不孕妇女CT和UU感染的重要手段。     

绝经期子宫内膜增厚患者临床病理分析

目的探讨绝经后无症状子宫内膜增厚患者病理情况及临床处理原则。方法选取2008年1月至2010年11月在上海市长宁区妇幼保健院就诊的绝经后超声提示子宫内膜增厚而无症状者184例(无症状组)行宫腔镜检查,取组织进行病理检查;并与同期伴有阴道出血或阴道排液的绝经后子宫内膜增厚患者99例(出血组)进行比较。结果无症状组子宫内膜增厚患者经宫腔镜检查病理多数为子宫内膜息肉(119例,64.67%)或黏膜下小肌瘤(17例,14.67%),符合绝经后正常表现16例(7.61%),仅有9例(4.89%)为子宫内膜癌患者。出血组子宫内膜增厚患者子宫内膜息肉28例(28.28%),黏膜下小肌瘤4例(4.04%),符合绝经后正常表现18例(18.18%),子宫内膜癌37例(37.37%)。结论绝经后无症状子宫内膜增厚患者经宫腔镜检查病变阳性检出率高(>90%),以子宫内膜息肉为主。宫腔镜检查是探查无症状子宫内膜增厚患者的首选方法。     

消炎痛对人子宫内膜细胞摄取前列腺素E_2的影响

<正> 放置宫内节育器(IUD)后的一个最常见的副反应是子宫异常出血。近十多年来,这种副反应与放置IUD后子宫前列腺素(PGs)的生物合成异常以及子宫对PGs的敏感性增强的关系愈来愈明确。临床使用消炎痛PGs合成酶抑制,能有效地防治IUD子宫异常出血,但具体的作用途径尚不明确。PGs对子宫内膜细胞产生效应,首先必须由子宫内膜细胞将PGs摄入细胞内。本文用细胞摄取功能测定法,观察人子宫内膜细胞摄取[~3H]PGE_2的功能状态及其在消炎痛作用后的变化,从中探索消炎痛影响子宫内膜细胞与     

盆腔粘连与沙眼衣原体和解脲支原体感染的关系

目的　探讨沙眼衣原体 (chlamydiatrachomatis,CT)和解脲支原体 (ureaplasmaurealyticum ,UU)感染与盆腔粘连的关系及其发病机制 ,并试图找到预防和降低盆腔粘连发生的方法和途径。方法　分别采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术、金标免疫斑点法 ,将 5 0例妇科既往无盆腔手术史 ,行腹腔镜和开腹手术中有盆腔粘连患者作为盆腔粘连组 (观察组 ) ,4 0例同期妇科腹腔镜和开腹手术中无盆腔粘连患者为对照组。测定宫颈分泌物和手术标本中的CTDNA、UUDNA ,以及两组患者血清中抗CT和UU抗体。结果　观察组宫颈分泌物CT和UUDNA阳性率分别为 32 %和 4 0 % ;血清CT和UU抗体阳性率分别为 34%和 4 8% ;手术标本CT和UUDNA阳性率分别为 2 6 %和 30 %。对照组宫颈分泌物CT和UUDNA阳性率分别为 7 5 %和 1% ;血清CT和UU抗体阳性率分别为 5 %和 10 2 5 % ;手术标本CT和UUDNA阳性率分别为 2 5 %和 5 %。两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　沙眼衣原体、解脲支原体感染与盆腔粘连有着密切关系。     

放置宫内节育器对子宫内膜血管内皮生长因子及其激酶受体表达及微血管密度变化的影响

目的探讨放置固定式带铜宫内节育器(FCu-IUD)和含吲哚美辛FCu-IUD(FICu-IUD),对子宫内膜组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其激酶受体(KDR)表达以及微血管密度(MVD)变化的影响及意义.方法采用免疫组化法及原位杂交法,检测放置FCu-IUD妇女(10例,FCu-IUD组)及放置FICu-IUD妇女(10例,FICu-IUD组)放置IUD前后子宫内膜VEGF、VEGF mRNA及KDR的表达,并计数子宫内膜MVD.结果 FCu-IUD组放置IUD后,VEGF及KDR蛋白为0.568±0.027,0.244±0.022,均高于放置IUD前的0.357±0.032,0.215±0.029,放置IUD前后比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05).FCu-IUD组放置IUD前VEGF mRNA表达为0.359±0.022,低于放置IUD后的0.425±0.019,放置IUD前后比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05).FICu-IUD组放置IUD前后VEGF、KDR蛋白及VEGF mRNA表达比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05). FCu-IUD组放置IUD后MVD为19.8±4.8,明显高于放置IUD前的15.4±2.8,且与VEGF蛋白的表达呈正相关关系(r=0.847,P<0.01).FICu-IUD组放置IUD前后MVD比较,差异无明显性(P>0.05).结论放置FCu-IUD可促进子宫内膜VEGF及KDR的表达,FICu-IUD可抑制子宫内膜VEGF及KDR的生成.VEGF及KDR可能参与了FCu-IUD 及FICu-IUD所引起的子宫内膜微血管结构和功能的改变.     

人工流产及放置节育器术后子宫腔内微生物的消长

目的探讨人工流产及放置宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）术后宫内解脲支原体（ＵＵ）、人型支原体（Ｍｈ）、Ｌ型菌（Ｌ型）、厌氧菌（Ａｎａ）和衣原体（ＣＴ）的消长规律。方法设人工流产、单纯放置ＩＵＤ、放置ＩＵＤ后用青霉素（放置ＩＵＤ＋青霉素）和放置ＩＵＤ后用洁霉素（放置ＩＵＤ＋洁霉素）４组,于术前及术后４个月经周期的经后１周内取宫内吸取物行ＵＵ、Ｍｈ、Ｌ型、Ａｎａ和ＣＴ５种微生物分离鉴定,只要能鉴别出１种,即判定为带菌者。结果术前４组带菌率无差异,术后至第１周期带菌率均最高,以后均为下降趋势,仅单纯放置ＩＵＤ组随周期递增呈线性下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）。人工流产组术后至第１周期与术前比较,差异无显著性（Ｐ＝０．１０５）。同一周期放置ＩＵＤ的３组间无差异,但术后各周期带菌率与术前相比,差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＩＵＤ存在是宫腔手术后持续带菌的主要因素,机体自然防御机制可清除宫内带菌。放ＩＵＤ后短期内小剂量应用青霉素或洁霉素不足以减少宫内带菌     

159对接受助孕治疗不孕症夫妇支原体和衣原体感染情况分析

目的探讨接受助孕治疗的不孕症夫妇支原体和衣原体携带情况及其与体外受精／卵细胞质内单精子注射结局的关系。方法选择2009年3月至2011年9月北京大学第一医院生殖与遗传医疗中心无下生殖道感染症状且接受助孕治疗的159对不孕症夫妇,在取卵日或人工授精日分别取宫颈分泌物和精液,采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）法进行支原体和衣原体的检测。结果女性患者支原体阳性29例（18．200,29／159）,其中解脲支原体（ureaplasma urealyticum,UU）和人型支原体（mycoplasma hominis,Mh）分别为26例（16．4％,26／159）和3例（1．9％,3／159）,未检出衣原体。男性患者支原体阳性4例（2．5％,4／159）,均为UU;衣原体阳性3例（1．9％,3／159）。输卵管性不孕症患者支原体阳性10例（16．9％,10／59）,非输卵管性不孕症患者支原体阳性19例（19．0％,19／100）,两者比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。女性支原体阴性组和阳性组的获卵数[（11．8±6．0）个,（14．6±6．2）个]、优质胚胎率（37．6％,43．2％）和临床妊娠率（48．2％,30．0％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论进入助孕治疗周期的不孕症夫妇仍有一定的生殖道支原体和衣原体携带率,支原体携带与临床妊娠结局无明显关系。     

宫内节育器致异常出血子宫内膜止血反应的形态学改变

选择２５例放置宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）后出血病例（ＩＵＤ出血组）为研究对象，以２０例旋转ＩＵＤ后无出血的病例（ＩＵＤ无出血组）、及２０例未旋转ＩＵＤ者（非ＩＵＤ组）为对照。于月经前点滴状出血期的２４小时内刮取子宫内膜，光镜下观察子宫内膜表浅微血管及螺旋动脉的形态学改变，测量螺旋动脉管腔直径和分别计数表浅微血管中纤维蛋白性及血小板性血栓；电镜下观察子宫内膜螺旋动脉超微结构的变化。结果：ＩＵＤ出血组螺旋动     

The prevalence of ureaplasma, mycoplasma and antibodies against chlamydia group antigen in gynecological outpatients

177 women with an average age of 30 years were investigated for ureaplasma, mycoplasma and for antibodies against the chlamydia group antigen. Specimen of endocervical mucus and catheter specimens of urine were cultured and the ELISA ("enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay") technique applied. In addition the purity class (I to III) of gram-stained vaginal smears was determined. Ureaplasma were isolated from 45.8 and 26.0%, mycoplasma from 9.0 and 7.9% of cervical and urine specimens respectively. The patients were divided into 5 clinical groups. Patients in the first three groups (I-III, inflammatory disorders, bleeding anomalies, benign and malignant neoplasms of the genital tract) showed a significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) higher colony count of ureaplasma in their urine than patients in the other two groups (IV and V, who had attended the hospital for reproductive problems or for routine examination). There was a clear correlation between the isolation rates of ureaplasma and mycoplasma and the purity classes of the vaginal smears. The rate of isolation increased progressively with class II and III smears. Antibodies against the chlamydia group antigen were detected in about 40% of all sera tested. A very high titer of antibodies reflecting a recent chlamydial infection was found in 11% of the sera tested.     

宫形球囊和宫内节育器预防宫腔镜下子宫中隔切除术后宫腔粘连的比较

目的：探讨宫形球囊和宫内节育器（IUD）对预防宫腔镜下子宫中隔切除术（TCRS）术后宫腔粘连的临床效果。方法：收集2016年2月-2017年12月于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科微创中心行TCRS的65例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,A组（n=30）术后放置宫形球囊并给予人工周期治疗,B组（n=35）术后放置宫形IUD并给予人工周期治疗。术后3个月行宫腔镜检查,B组患者同时取出IUD。并记录患者月经情况、异常子宫出血情况、腰腹部不适情况。结果：2组均未发现宫腔粘连。术后3个月内A组患者未发生腰酸腹痛、异常子宫出血情况;B组患者发生IUD嵌顿2例（5.71%）,发生腰酸腹痛6例（17.14%）,子宫异常出血10例（28.57%）,取出IUD后症状均缓解。2组腰酸腹痛和子宫异常出血情况差异均有统计学意义（P=0.027;P=0.001）。结论:宫形球囊和IUD预防TCRS术后宫腔粘连的效果基本相同,但宫形球囊放置时间短、不良反应少、取出方便而更具优势。     

沙眼衣原体子宫内感染途径的研究

目的 探讨沙眼衣原体子宫内感染的途径。方法 采用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性（PCR－SSCP）法和DNA测序法,对772例临产孕妇宫颈分泌标本进行沙眼衣原体检测。对沙眼衣原体检测阳性孕妇,进行宫颈分泌物、羊水、脐血、新生儿眼结膜和鼻咽拭子等标本组成的母婴配对标本的检测;另选择24例沙眼衣原体检测阴性孕妇的母婴配对标本作为对照。结果 （1）772例孕妇宫颈沙眼衣原体检测有87例阳性,阳性率为11．3％。（2）对其中81例宫颈沙眼衣原体阳性的母婴配对标本检测显示,脐血中均未检出沙眼衣原体;新生儿沙眼衣原体阳性30例（羊水、新生儿眼结膜和鼻咽拭子等标本阳性）,垂直传播率为37．0％（30／81）。（3）新生儿30例阳性中,有26例经阴道分娩,4例经剖宫产分娩。两种分娩方式的垂直传播率比较,差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）。（4）羊水沙眼衣原体阳性11例,基配对新生儿均受沙眼衣原体感染。PCR－SSCP分析显示,同一组配对标本电泳图谱完全相同;DNA测序结果显示,配对标本沙眼衣原体DNA序列完全一致。（5）宫颈沙眼衣原体阴性孕妇的母婴配对标本均未检测出沙眼衣原体。结论 沙眼衣原体经宫颈上行进入羊膜腔是胎儿宫内感染的重要途径;沙眼衣原体经胎盘传播途径未得到证实;剖宫产能显著降低宫颈沙眼衣原体阳性孕妇的垂直传播率。     

IUD-related anatomical,cytological and pathological modifications in the uterine tract (author's transl)

This paper presents a study of the anatomical, cytological, and pathological reactions of the vaginal, cervical, and endometrial mucosa in 445 women wearing inert IUDs, copper IUDs, and progesterone-releasing IUDs. Vaginal cytology does not seem to be affected by any type of IUD. Cervical cytology shows with time increased levels of leuko-histiocytosis and at 18 months cellular alterations are evident; in the series presented here after 24 months there were 2% of cases of light or moderate dysplasia. Endometrial cytology shows cellular inflammation, which worsens with time. Endometrial histology shows: 1) for inert IUDs and after 3-4 years of use, a histio-leukocytic action is evident; 2) for copper IUDs there is no particular alteration for the 1st months; after 18-24 months papillary metaplasia is evident; and 3) for progesterone-releasing IUDs a lympho-plasmocytic infiltration is visible in the 1st month of use, with typical hormonal reactions. This study shows that the uterine mucosa is not affected by an IUD for the 1st 2 years of use, after which the signs of inflammatory reaction are minor and common to any IUD type. The regeneration of the mucosa is very quick after IUD removal.     

Cytologic picture of smears from the cervix uteri of women using intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD)

During 1986-87, cervical smears were taken at various phases of menstrual cycles from 63 women aged 25-53 (average age of 34.8 years) wearing IUDs for 3 months to 17 years for the sake of cytological evaluation. 43 patients had Copper T-devices of Finnish make, 8 women had Spider Ws of Polish make, 1 had a Lippes Loop, and 10 had IUDs whose manufacturer could not be verified. The samples were preserved in an alcohol-ether solution, dyed with hematoxylin and eosin, and evaluated according to the 5-degree Papanicolaou scale. The presence of granulocytes indicative of inflammation was ranked: few granulocytes (+), the normal count in healthy women during anovulation wearing no IUDs; an adequate number of granulocytes (++); numerous granulocytes (+++); and a high number of granulocytes (++++). Cytogram II of the Papanicolaou scale was found in 49 women, and cytogram I in 14 women. 5 of 25 women wearing IUDs for 3 years had cytogram I, while 20 had cytogram II. Among 21 patients wearing IUDs for 2 years, there were 4 cases of cytogram I and 17 instances of cytogram II. Women with IUD use of 4-17 years were put into the second group, while all 4 of those with 3 months to 1.5 years of IUD use were listed in the first group. The remaining 6 were sorted into the second group. In 45 (71%) women, varying degrees of inflammation were detected in the presence of neutrophilic granulocytes. In 14 cases (22%) the presence of erythrocytes was demonstrated: few in 7 cases, an adequate number of 4, and an excess number in 3 cases caused either by the IUD or by hormone-induced cervical bleeding. Numerous neutrophilic granulocytes were found in 4 cases and a high number of them in 1 case. The granulocyte count was 10 (+), 17 or 16 (++), 12 (+++), and 6 (++++) indicating moderate or severe inflammation in most preparations. The presence of cytologically suspect or atypical cells was absent in the cervical smears of longterm IUD users. In most women, IUD use was associated with inflammation indicated by the increased number of granulocytes. The persistence of such inflammation may justify the removal of the IUD.