充血性心力衰竭患者血清Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽检测的临床价值

目的　测定充血性心力衰竭患者血清中的Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽 (PⅢP)及层粘连蛋白 (LN)水平 ,探讨其对心肌纤维化的诊断价值。方法　选择 4 4例充血性心力衰竭患者 (心功能Ⅲ级以上 )和正常健康对照者 30例 ,用放射免疫法测定其血清中的PⅢP及LN水平。结果　心力衰竭患者血清中的PⅢP水平明显高于健康对照组 (5 5± 1 1) μg/Lvs (3 8± 1 5 ) μg/L(P <0 0 1) ,心力衰竭患者血清的LN水平明显高于健康对照组 (14 8 0±32 6 ) μg/Lvs (10 2 6± 2 3 2 ) μg/L(P <0 0 1) ,心功能Ⅳ级组血清的PⅢP水平明显高于心功能Ⅲ级组 (5 7± 0 8)μg/Lvs (5 2± 0 6 ) μg/L(P <0 0 5 ) ,心功能Ⅳ级组血清的LN水平明显高于心功能Ⅲ级组 (16 8 3± 2 2 6 ) μg/Lvs(14 6 2± 18 4 ) μg/L(P <0 0 5 )。结论　PⅢP及LN水平的升高可能部分与心肌纤维化有关 ,可在充血性心力衰竭患者的血清中检测出来 ,并能反映心衰的严重程度     

大连市心脑血管疾病患者血硒水平的研究

目的 :研究大连市心脑血管疾病患者血硒含量与正常人血硒含量的差别。方法 :用新极谱法测定大连市心脑血管疾病患者血样 319例 (男性 16 9例 ,女性 15 0例 )。结果 :全血硒含量为 114 0± 5 2 5 μg/L (男性113 8± 5 4 5 μg/L ,女性 114 2± 5 1 3μg/L) ,呈正态分布。结论 :心脑血管疾病患者血硒水平低于健康人 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1)     

大连市糖尿病患者血硒水平的研究

用新极谱法测定大连市 型 (非胰岛素依赖型 )糖尿病患者血样 43 8例 (男性 2 3 3例 ,女性 2 0 5例 ) ,全血硒含量为 1 2 4 .9± 41 .0 μg/L(男性 1 2 7.0± 42 .0 μg/L,女性 1 2 2 .5± 3 9.3 μg/L) ,呈正态分布。糖尿病患者的血硒水平低于健康人 ,有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1 )。     

广州市孕妇硒碘营养状况调查

目的　了解广州市孕妇孕中、晚期硒碘营养状况。方法　用砷铈接触法测定尿碘 ,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定血清甲状腺素 (T4)、促甲状腺激素 (TSH) ,荧光光度法测定静脉全血硒。结果　孕中期血硒含量 (0 1375± 0 0 96 9) μg/ml及孕晚期血硒含量 (0 15 2 8± 0 0 85 9) μg/ml,远低于我国中硒区成人血硒值 (0 35± 0 0 2 ) μg/ml。孕中、晚期血硒含量无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 )。孕中期尿碘中位数为 2 4 9 3μg/L ,<10 0 μg/L者占 4 5 % ;孕晚期尿碘中位数为 2 4 1 2 μg/L ,<10 0 μg/L者占 12 5 % ,两期尿碘值自身比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。孕中期血清T 4(15 7 0± 6 6 4 )nmol/L ,在正常范围者占 5 8 2 % ;孕晚期血清T4(12 4 4± 5 9 4 )nmol/L ,在正常范围者占 78 3%。孕中期血清TSH(中位数 3 9mU/L) >5mU/L者占 34 3% ,孕晚期血清TSH (中位数 6 9mU/L) >5mU/L者占81 8%。中晚期自身比较TSH >5mU/L与 >5mU/L的人数构成差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　广州市孕妇硒碘营养状况良好 ,孕晚期血清TSH >5mU/L者 (81 8% )较多 ,与尿碘、T4水平不一致 ,有待进一步研究。     

胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇血清瘦素水平的检测及临床意义

目的 :检测晚期妊娠妇女和胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇产前及产后血清瘦素水平的变化 ,以探讨瘦素与胎儿宫内窘迫的关系。方法 :采用放射免疫分析法 (RIA)测定 35例胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇和 40例正常晚期妊娠妇女产前及产后1 w血清瘦素水平及 30例正常健康孕妇瘦素水平。结果 :胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇产前瘦素水平为 (36.58± 9.1 0 ) μg/ L,明显高于正常晚期妊娠妇女产前瘦素水平 (2 1 .30± 5.1 8)μg/ L ,两者比较 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1 )。胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇产后瘦素水平为 (8.61± 4.44)μg/ L,与正常晚期妊娠妇女产后瘦素水平 (7.56± 2 .76)μg/ L比较 ,无显著性差异(P>0 .0 5) ,两组分别与正常健康未孕妇女血清瘦素水平 (7.44± 2 .48) μg/ L比较 ,也均无显著差异 (P均 >0 .0 5)。结论 :晚期妊娠妇女瘦素水平的异常升高与胎儿宫内窘迫有关 ,且主要与胎盘来源的瘦素有关。推测对孕妇瘦素水平进行动态监测可作为预示发生胎儿宫内窘迫的一项临床指标     

IgA肾病患者血浆肾上腺髓质素的检测及意义

目的　探讨IgA肾病患者血浆肾上腺髓质素 (ADM)水平及其临床意义。方法　检测 3 5例IgA肾病患者及 2 2例正常人血浆ADM水平 ,分析患者血浆ADM与尿蛋白的关系。结果　IgA肾病患者血浆ADM水平为 (2 4 2± 3 8)pg/ml显著高于正常对照组 (10 9± 0 8)pg/ml(P <0 0 1) ;蛋白尿大于 1g/ 2 4h组血浆ADM(3 2 1± 4 7)pg/ml显著高于少量或无蛋白尿组 (18 1± 2 5 )pg/ml(P <0 0 5 )。结论　ADM参与了IgA肾病患者病理生理过程 ,合并明显蛋白尿的IgA肾病患者血浆ADM升高 ,可能为代偿性的保护作用。     

重组人生长激素对肝硬化病人蛋白质代谢的影响

目的 :观察重组人生长激素 (rhGH)对肝硬化病人蛋白质代谢的影响。　方法 :将 48例肝硬化病人随机分为rhGH组 (2 2例 )和对照组 (2 6例 )。两组均给予常规药物治疗 ,但不使用人血白蛋白、血浆及其他促进蛋白质合成和肝细胞再生的药物。rhGH组给予rhGH 4U皮下注射 ,每天 1次 ,共 10天 ;对照组给予等渗盐水皮下注射。动态检测病人血清生长激素 (GH)和胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF 1)水平 ,同期检测血浆蛋白和肝功能。　结果 :治疗前所有病人GH水平 ,rhGH组 (40 .2 1± 3.86 ) μg/L ,对照组 (36 .75± 4.6 7) μg/L ,均高于正常值 (<10 μg/L) ;IGF 1水平 ,rhGH组 (7.34± 0 .84)nmol/L ,对照组 (8.0 2± 1.14)nmol/L ,均低于正常值 (15～ 35nmol/L) ;血清白蛋白低于正常 ,rhGH组 (2 8.5 2± 3.13) g/L ,对照组 (2 9.14± 6 .32 )g/L ,两组间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。rhGH治疗后IGF 1水平提高 ,为 (7.34± 0 .84)nmol/Lvs (2 4.5 2± 1.18)nmol/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,同时血清白蛋白水平明显提高 ,为(2 8.5 2± 3 .13) g/Lvs (35 .86± 7.12 )g/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组未见明显变化 ,两组比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :rhGH可以改善肝硬化病人蛋白质的合成代谢     

白血病抑制因子对异位妊娠早期诊断的价值评估

目的:检测血清中白血病抑制因子(Leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF)、LIFR、IL-1α、TNF-α水平,评估其对早期异位妊娠的诊断价值。方法:选取异位妊娠患者60例作为观察组;正常宫内妊娠20例作为对照组。采用ELISA法测血清LTF、LIFR、IL-1α、TNF-α水平。结果:①血清LIF水平在异位妊娠组及正常早孕组分别为(5·26±0·51)pg/ml及(5·88±0·26)pg/ml;血清LIFR水平在异位妊娠组及正常早孕组分别为(3·82±1·6)pg/ml及(2·95±1·70)pg/ml。异位妊娠组与正常早孕组血清LIF及LIFR水平分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·01)。异位妊娠组血LIF较正常早孕组低,而LIFR则较正常早孕高。②血清TNF-α水平在异位妊娠组及正常早孕组分别为(66·71±9·31)pg/ml及(54·4±8·36)pg/ml;血清IL-1α水平在异位妊娠组及正常早孕组分别为(0·29±0·20)pg/ml及(0·28±0·13)pg/ml。异位妊娠组与正常早孕组血清TNF-α及IL-1α水平分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·01)。异位妊娠组血TNF-α、IL-1α较正常早孕组高。结论:检测血清LIF水平有助于鉴别异常宫内妊娠与异位妊娠;联合检测LIF、LIFR、TNF-α、IL-1α可作为临床早期诊断异位妊娠高效、有力、敏感的指标。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血浆白介素-13检测和临床价值

目的　探讨溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)患者血浆白介素 - 13(IL - 13)临床价值。方法　采用ELISA法检测UC患者和正常健康人血浆IL - 13浓度。结果　 31例UC患者 (16 .6 5± 3.38)pg/ml和 30例健康人 (2 5 .83± 3.5 9)pg/ml血浆IL - 13浓度比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。活动期 (2 1例 )和静止期 (10例 )UC患者血浆IL - 13浓度分别为(12 .0 3± 3.72 )pg/ml和 (18.6 7± 4 .2 2 )pg/ml,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。轻、中、重度活动期UC血浆IL -13浓度相互比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。UC患者血浆IL - 13和血清C -反应蛋白浓度呈负相关 (r=- 0 .5 98,P <0 .0 1)。结论　IL - 13参与UC的炎症过程 ,检测血浆IL - 13可作为判断UC患者病变严重程度和复发的指标之一。     

辽河油田居民全血硒含量水平的评价

采用新极谱法对辽河油田居民的全血样品进行硒含量的测定。其中健康人 2 0 7例 ,血硒含量为 12 9 0± 4 8 1μg/L ,男性 10 5例 ,血硒含量为 12 5 3± 4 8 3μg/L ,女性 10 2例 ,血硒含量为 132 7± 4 7 6 μg/L ,处于营养状态。不同血型血硒含量没有明显差异 (P >0 10 )。患者 2 18例 ,血硒含量为 89 9± 2 6 5 μg/L ,男性12 4例 ,血硒含量为 90 9± 2 5 9μg/L ,女性 94例 ,血硒含量为 87 9± 2 7 0 μg/L。各种疾病患者血硒含量没有显著性差异 (P >0 10 ) ,但均显著低于健康人血硒含量 (P <0 0 0 1)。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.