Delayed hemorrhage following transcatheter arterial embolization for blunt hepatic injury

This is the first report of delayed hemorrhage (21 days after the injury) following transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for severe hepatic injury. The first TAE was performed about 2 h after admission on a 21-year-old man with severe blunt hepatic injury. Three bilomas were detected by cholescintigraphy 19 days later. The patient's status had been eventless until the occurrence of a delayed hemorrhage with hypotension. Angiography was repeated and three pseudoaneurysms were detected TAE, pseudoaneourysms disappeared and hemorrhage could be controlled. Intrahepatic biloma may be related to pseudoaneurysms and delayed hemorrhage in severe hepatic injury.     

超选择性双重栓塞治疗胆道出血

目的：讨论胆道出血的数字减影血管造影表现,经导管超选择性双重栓塞治疗胆道出血的疗效。方法：采用Seldinger‘s技术,经股动脉置入导管,行选择性肠系膜上动脉、腹腔动脉、肝动脉数字减影血管造影,经导管超选择栓塞出血动脉出血点的远端和近端,栓塞后造影了解栓塞效果。结果：12例胆道出血选择性肝动脉血管造影的表现。8例表现为肝内假性动脉瘤,2例为肝癌并发动脉-门脉瘘,2例肝部分切除术后出现肝内片状造影剂溢出影,2例腹腔动脉造影阴性,而选择性肝动脉血管造影均显示病灶;10例经民管用明胶海绵加弹簧圈或微弹簧圈栓塞治疗1例。出血停止,随访无再出血,2例用明胶绵栓塞,其中1例栓塞治疗后3周,再次发生出血,用明胶海绵加弹簧圈栓塞出血停止。结论：选择性肝动脉血管造影是诊断胆道出血的关键,超选择性双重栓塞出血动脉的远端和近端是治疗胆道出血安全有效的止血方法,其治疗一次性止血率优于单纯明胶海绵栓塞。     

经导管动脉栓塞术在顽固性鼻出血中的应用

目的探讨经导管动脉栓塞术在治疗顽固性鼻出血中的应用价值。方法41例顽固性鼻出血患者均采用经皮股动脉穿刺,将导管插入患侧上颌动脉或超选择至出血动脉,采用明胶海绵或聚乙烯(PVA)颗粒行栓塞治疗术。结果41例患者,39例1次栓塞治愈,其余2例于术后第2天发生再出血,经再次介入治疗,治愈。结论经导管动脉栓塞术对于治疗顽固性鼻出血是一种简便、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Successful transcatheter arterial embolization for a massive hemothorax caused by acupuncture

Acupuncture is an alternative treatment for a variety of diseases, and serious complications are rare. We report a case of transcatheter arterial embolization performed in a patient with a massive hemothorax after acupuncture treatment.A 36-year-old woman with no previous medical history was admitted to our hospital with left back pain and respiratory distress after acupuncture treatment. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a left hemothorax and leakage of contrast medium, which was considered to result from an injury to the second intercostal artery, caused by acupuncture treatment. Transcatheter arterial embolization successfully stopped the bleeding, and the hematoma was thoracoscopically removed. No rebleeding was observed 6 months after treatment.     

Gelatin microspheres: initial clinical experience for the transcatheter arterial embolization

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the embolization effects of gelatin microspheres (GMSs) when used as an embolic material for transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for several organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared GMSs that dissolves in 5 days in extravasuclar tissue. GMSs were used in five cases in total, four cases with multiple liver tumors and one case with a pelvic bone tumor. RESULTS: In all five cases, it was possible to treat the targeted tumors by TAE with GMSs. In the contrast-enhanced CT performed 2-4 weeks later, the embolized tumors did not show an enhancement effect. Passage of GMSs in the microcatheter was excellent. CONCLUSION: GMSs showed sufficient potential to be used as an embolic material.     

Clinical outcomes of symptomatic arterioportal fistulas after transcatheter arterial embolization

AIM: To evaluate the complications and clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for symptoms related to severe arterioportal fistulas (APFs). METHODS: Six patients (3 males, 3 females; mean age, 63.8 years; age range, 60-71 years) with chronic liver disease and severe APFs due to percutaneous intrahepatic treatment (n=5) and portal vein (PV) tumor thrombosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (n=1) underwent TAE for symptoms related to severe APFs [refractory ascites (n=4), hemorrhoidal hemorrhage (n=1), and hepatic encephalopathy (n=1)]. Control of symptoms related to APFs and complications were evaluated during the follow-up period (range, 4-57 mo). RESULTS: In all patients, celiac angiography revealed immediate retrograde visualization of the main PV before TAE, indicating severe APF. Selective TAE for the hepatic arteries was performed using metallic coils (MC, n=4) and both MCs and n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n=2). Three patients underwent repeated TAEs for residual APFs and ascites. Four patients developed PV thrombosis after TAE. During the follow-up period after TAE, APF obliteration and symptomatic improvement were obtained in all patients. CONCLUSION: Although TAE for severe APFs may sometimes be complicated by PV thrombosis, TAE can be an effective treatment to improve clinical symptoms related to severe APFs.     

Spontaneous internal oblique hematoma successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization

Abdominal wall hematoma is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain. We report a case of internal oblique hematoma caused by rupture of the subcostal artery in a 57-year-old woman. Ultrasonography (US) showed a hypoechoic mass in the right lateral abdominal wall. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a large soft tissue mass with extravasation of contrast medium located in the right internal oblique muscle. Angiography showed contrast extravasation from the subcostal artery, and transcatheter arterial embolization was performed successfully.     

经导管动脉栓塞术治疗支气管动脉瘤

目的:探讨经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗支气管动脉瘤(BAA)的价值。方法:搜集经支气管动脉造影证实的BAA 2例,根据形态及部位不同,行不同方式TAE治疗,并临床随访。结果:囊状动脉瘤1例(微导管能顺利到达并通过),其远端实施球形PVA微颗粒栓塞止血,输出端及输入端分别用弹簧圈阻断血流,复查造影示支气管动脉远端血流阻断,BAA未见显示;梭形动脉瘤1例(距离支气管动脉起始部较远),其远端行球形PVA微颗粒栓塞,近端加注明胶海绵颗粒栓塞,复查造影BAA未见显示。结论:TAE是一种治疗BAA的微创、高效、可靠方法,不同形态及部位的BAA应选择不同方式的TAE。     

经导管动脉栓塞治疗8例脾动脉瘤

目的 探讨经导管动脉栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤的可行性和疗效.方法 对8例脾动脉瘤患者,经导管通过脾动脉使用弹簧圈栓塞瘤体远近端动脉而将瘤体隔绝,术后采用CT或血管彩色多普勒超声随访3～36个月.结果 8例脾动脉瘤均成功栓塞,无严重并发症.1例术后10个月因腹腔大出血死亡,其余7例随访3～36个月情况良好,未见血管再通.结论 经导管动脉栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤安全可行,术后定期影像随访非常重要.     

Transcatheter arterial embolization in hepatoma complicated with obstructive jaundice

Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed on a patient with hepatoma complicated by obstructive jaundice after the patient's condition had been improved by percutaneous biliary drainage. As a result of the embolization, a reduction in size was observed in both the main tumor and the tumor that had invaded the common bile duct. Even after removing the biliary drainage tube, there was no recurrence of obstructive jaundice for 6 months.     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗脾功能亢进致血小板减少的疗效观察

目的观察部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗脾功能致血小板减少的临床疗效。方法选择2005年8月至2006年9月期间因脾功能亢进而导致血小板减少的60例患者行部分脾动脉栓塞术，观察并统计其血小板数的变化。结果所有患者术后血小板数较术前均显著上升。结论部分脾动脉栓塞术对治疗脾功能亢进致血小板减少有显著的疗效。     

脾修补术、部分切除术及动脉栓塞术治疗创伤性脾破裂的疗效以及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的探讨对比脾修补术、部分切除术及动脉栓塞术治疗创伤性脾破裂的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2018年12月海南医学院第一附属医院普外科收治的160例创伤性脾破裂患者,男性84例,女性76例;年龄37~68岁,平均45.86岁。其中50例行脾修补术(修补组),55例行脾部分切除术(切除组),55例行脾动脉栓塞术(栓塞组)。对三组患者的手术情况、手术疗效及手术前后外周血T淋巴细胞变化进行对比、分析。结果栓塞组的手术时间为(116.42±34.37)min,显著低于另外两组的(224.36±42.58)min和(218.74±36.04)min;栓塞组的术后住院时间为(7.85±1.30)d,显著低于另外两组的(10.36±2.74)d和(11.09±3.14)d;栓塞组的术中输血量为(205.80±46.68)mL,显著少于另外两组的(576.32±51.74)mL和(560.68±49.92)mL(P<0.05)。三组的手术总有效率分别为94%、87%和95%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与术前相比,三组术后2周的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、IgG、IgA及IgM水平均明显降低,术后4周较术后2周有所提高。栓塞组术后4周的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、IgG、IgA及IgM水平分别为(60.95±3.77)%、(36.07±4.45)%、(1.21±0.14)%、(11.20±1.84)g/L、(1.59±0.36)g/L、(0.96±0.27)g/L,均与术前对应值接近,但均显著高于另外两组对应值(P<0.05);栓塞组术后2周CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、IgG、IgA及IgM水平分别为(50.96±2.14)%、(32.20±3.17)%、(1.09±0.07)%、(9.05±1.66)g/L、(1.21±0.35)g/L、(0.82±0.23)g/L。栓塞组术后并发症总发生率为7%,显著低于修补组(24%)和切除组(20%),P<0.05。结论脾修补术、部分切除术和动脉栓塞术治疗创伤性脾破裂均有较好的效果,其中脾动脉栓塞术的操作更简单、创伤更小、并发症更少、免疫功能恢复更快,应用优势更显著。     

Transcatheter arterial embolization is effective for mesenteric arterial hemorrhage in trauma

A 58-year-old man was injured in a traffic accident and hemodynamically unstable on admission. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement was performed after fluid resuscitation. Fluid accumulated along the mesentery around the cecum. A pseudoaneurysm was found by angiography in the ileal branch. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was performed in the branch using microcoils. His hemodynamics stabilized after TAE. In a CT performed after 12 h, free air was suspected and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. No intestinal perforations were found and hemostasis was completed in the injured mesentery. No ischemic findings were obtained in the intestines. TAE is one of the treatments of choice for mesenteric hemorrhage.     

经导管组织黏合剂结合弹簧圈栓塞脾动脉瘤

目的 探讨采用组织黏合剂NBCA结合弹簧圈经导管栓塞脾动脉瘤的可行性及安全性.方法 3例脾动脉瘤患者,2例位于脾动脉主干,1例位于脾动脉分支.均先经导管置入弹簧圈栓塞载瘤动脉的远端,再以NBCA与碘化油混合物栓塞载瘤动脉的近端包括瘤体.术后采用CT增强扫描随访4~20个月.结果 3例脾动脉瘤均成功栓塞,未出现严重并发症...     

脾动脉栓塞在急诊外伤性脾破裂治疗中的应用价值

目的 评价脾动脉栓塞在急诊外伤性脾破裂治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用Seldinger技术经皮穿刺股动脉,经脾动脉造影,根据脾脏受损程度行脾动脉栓塞治疗急诊外伤性脾破裂101例.结果 术后患者均有左上腹轻度胀痛,左侧胸腔积液56例,腹膜后血肿5例,脾脓肿1例,胰腺炎1例,左下肺膨胀不全1例.96例急诊外伤性脾破裂止血效果...     

Emergent transcatheter embolization of massive hepatic hemorrhage

Seven cases of blunt trauma to the abdomen are reported with significant hepatic vascular injury, hemoperitoneum, and hypotensive shock. Six patients were involved in motor vehicle accidents, and one patient was assaulted. By computed tomographic imaging, the liver injuries were all grade 3–4, according to the Mirvis classification system (Mirvis SE, et al. Radiology 1989;171:27–32). All seven patients underwent angiography with the identification of an active bleeding site(s). Embolization was performed with Gelfoam pledgets, steel coils, polyvinyl alcohol particles, or a combination of materials. In all seven cases, technical success was achieved, with control of hemorrhage and stabilization of the patient’s shock. One patient later succumbed to multiorgan failure. One patient required a second embolization for hemorrhage at a second site. Transcatheter embolization is an effective method for the control of life-threatening hepatic hemorrhage secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.     

超选择性动脉插管栓塞对产科大出血的治疗和预防

目的探讨经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗和预防产科大出血的疗效及安全性。方法产科大出血或有大出血风险的病例17例(其中已出现大出血病例14例),包括产后或流产术后出血10例,葡萄胎出血4例。3例预防性栓塞,包括胎盘前置2例,宫颈妊娠1例。选择性插管至双侧子宫动脉或髂内动脉,行DSA明确子宫血管情况,以直径1～3mm明胶海绵颗粒及明胶海绵条或聚乙烯醇(PVA)栓塞,部分病例经子宫动脉灌注甲氨喋呤(MTX)。结果插管成功率100%,14例大出血病例栓塞后活动性出血停止,手术成功,1～5d后阴道内完全无流血。3例预防性栓塞患者,栓塞后行引产术,1例发生大出血,2例未发生大出血。结论TAE创伤小,疗效快速肯定,且并发症少,对产科大出血是一种有效的治疗措施,对有大出血风险的病例预防应用可降低大出血或死亡的风险。     

Partial splenic artery embolization in cirrhotic patients

Splenomegaly is a common sequela of cirrhosis, and is frequently associated with decreased hematologic indices including thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Partial splenic artery embolization (PSE) has been demonstrated to effectively increase hematologic indices in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly. This is particularly valuable amongst those cirrhotic patients who are not viable candidates for splenectomy. Although PSE was originally developed decades ago, it has recently received increased attention. Presently, PSE is being utilized to address a number of clinical concerns in the setting of cirrhosis, including: decreased hematologic indices, portal hypertension and its associated sequela, and splenic artery steal syndrome. Following PSE patients demonstrate significant increases in platelets and leukocytes. Though progressive decline of hematologic indices occur following PSE, they remain improved as compared to pre-procedural values over long-term follow-up. PSE, however, is not without risk and complications of the procedure may occur. The most common complication of PSE is post-embolization syndrome, which involves a constellation of symptoms including fever, pain, and nausea/vomiting. The rate of complications has been shown to increase as the percent of total splenic volume embolized increases. The purpose of this review is to explore the current literature in regards to PSE in cirrhotic patients and to highlight their techniques, and statistically summarize their results and associated complications.     

The role of arterial embolization in blunt splenic injury

Purpose

The aim of study was to evaluate the results of our experience with transarterial embolization based on a modified algorithm in patients with splenic injury.

Materials and methods

We collected data of patients admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to August 2008 for blunt splenic injury. During this period, 46 patients were admitted for splenic trauma, of whom 17 were treated surgically, 15 conservatively and 14 with percutaneous embolisation (13 men, mean age 44.8, mean injury severity score 18.5, six with grade IV and eight with contrast blush). Patients in shock were referred for laparotomy and splenectomy, whereas those who were haemodynamically stable or responsive to fluid resuscitation were further evaluated with computed tomography (CT). In the presence of imaging evidence of splenic injury ranging from grade I to grade III (n=15) a conservative approach was adopted, whereas haemodynamically unstable patients with grade V injury (n=17) were treated with splenectomy. Embolisation was performed in 14 patients with grade IV injury or in the event of contrast extravasation, regardless of injury grade. In patients with diffuse organ damage, we embolised the main splenic artery, whereas in the case of localised injury, embolisation was selective.

Results

Proximal embolization was required in eight cases and distal coil embolization in six. In 13 cases, we placed magnetic-resonance-compatible coils 4?C6 mm in diameter; only one patient was treated with gel-foam injection. Immediate technical success was achieved in all cases. In 13/14 patients (92.9%), no periprocedural complications were observed, whereas the remaining patient underwent splenectomy within 24 h due to recurrent bleeding.

Conclusions

On the basis of our algorithm, it is possible to reach a quick decision on the most appropriate treatment for patients presenting with blunt abdominal trauma, and splenic artery embolization seems to offer a reliable option in those with high-grade splenic injury or active bleeding.     

Transcatheter arterial embolization for postpartum massive hemorrhage: a case report

A 29-year-old woman suffered uncontrollable massive hemorrhage from a deep vaginal laceration following spontaneous vaginal delivery. Pelvic angiography revealed extravasation from a branch of the right pudendal artery. Transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully performed and quickly achieved hemostasis. When postpartum hemorrhage cannot be controlled with conservative treatment, transcatheter arterial embolization should be considered in order to avoid major surgery in an unstable patient and to maintain reproductive potential.