肺动脉血栓栓塞症患者住院构成比与病死率的变迁

目的了解肺动脉血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者住院构成比与病死率的变迁,为PTE的防治提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析1974年至2002年阜外心血管病医院收治的442例PTE住院患者资料。结果PTE住院患者年住院例数及住院构成比分别从1970年代初每年低于5例和平均每年0.1152%的构成比,到21世纪初每年48～79例和平均0.5866%的住院构成比,呈逐渐升高的趋势。冬季是PTE发病高峰,发病数显著高于其他季节(P<0.05)。发病年龄大多数处于30～60岁,男性发病高峰在30～60岁,女性为40～60岁,男性较女性提前10年进入发病高峰。PTE住院患者的病死率有明显下降的趋势:从1970年代的20%降到21世纪初的5.8%。1990年之前PTE患者住院病死率为12.5%,1990年之后患者住院病死率为4.5%,差别有统计学意义(P=0.005)。PTE男性患者住院病死率为4.6%,女性为8.6%,二者比较差别无统计学意义(P=0.09)。住院病死率在年龄<70岁的PTE患者为5.5%,≥70岁的患者为19.0%,住院病死率差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PTE是一重要的常见病,应该得到足够的重视。     

EICU不同年龄段呼吸重症病人机械通气相关因素分析

目的分析急诊重症监护室（EICU）不同年龄段呼吸重症病人机械通气治疗后的相关因素,为EICU不同年龄段呼吸重症病人机械通气治疗方案制定提供依据。 方法选取148例EICU呼吸重症病人作为研究对象,根据病人年龄进行分组,比较各组病人机械通气时间、一次性撤机成功率和死亡率。 结果随着病人年龄增长,插管时间整体呈递减趋势,50~59岁组和≥ 90岁组插管时间相对较短（P < 0.05）。各组内不同性别病人插管时间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 < 39岁组病人一次性拔管成功率最低（50.0%）,死亡率最高（35.7%）;40~49岁组和60~69岁组病人一次性拔管成功率较高,分别为83.3%和83.9%;40~49岁组和50~59岁组的拔管死亡率较低,分别为8.3%和9.5%,但各组一次性拔管成功率和死亡率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论40~59岁为机械通气应用时的最佳年龄段,39岁以下病人机械通气拔管风险较大。为EICU不同年龄段呼吸重症病人机械通气治疗方案的制定和临床护理提供了参考。     

多种疾病共存是心力衰竭住院患者在院病死率的独立预测因子

目的本项研究主要是调查充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure,CHF)住院患者多种疾病共存分布特点,及对CHF患者30天在院病死率的影响。方法 6949名CHF住院患者(男性4344例,女性2605例)按照共存疾病数目分成5组,采用COX比例风险模型比较各组间的共存疾病特点及30天在院病死率。结果 CHF住院患者的主要病因是冠心病(45%)、瓣膜性心脏病(27.5%)和肺心病(9.6%)。年轻人以单病因为主(18～39岁,P<0.001),老年人以多种疾病共存为主(≥80岁,P<0.001)。最常见的单病因是瓣膜性心脏病,最常见的多病因是冠心病伴发高血压、糖尿病。COX风险回归模型显示CHF住院患者的在院病死率随疾病数目的增加而增加(P<0.001)。结论多种疾病共存是预测CHF住院患者在院30天病死率的独立危险因素。     

内科住院老年患者发生急性肺血栓栓塞的危险因素分析及护理对策

目的 探究内科住院老年患者发生急性肺血栓栓塞(PTE)的危险因素以及护理对策.方法 选取我院2012年3月至2015年3月发生急性PTE的内科老年住院患者56例,设置为观察组,并选取同期住院的未发生急性PTE的老年内科住院患者43例设置为对照组,分析内科住院老年患者发生急性PTE的危险因素及护理方法.结果 血氧分压＜ 80 mmHg、二氧化碳分压＜35 mmHg、肺泡-动脉血氧分压＞20 mmHg、创伤手术、心肺疾病、下肢深静脉血栓形成、长期吸烟伴肿瘤、制动均是导致内科住院老年患者急性PTE发生的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 临床应对内科临床住院的进行过手术的、伴有创伤、心肺疾病、下肢深静脉血栓形成、长期吸烟伴肿瘤、制动差的老年患者加以重视,给予急性PTE患者全面有效的护理能提高患者生存率.     

海口市两家医院2010—2017年肺血栓栓塞症流行病学及危险因素分析

目的 探讨肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）流行病学及危险因素,提高临床医师对本地区PTE的认识水平。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2017年6月在海口市第三人民医院及海口市中医医院住院行CT肺动脉造影（CT pulmonaryangiography,CTPA）检查的192例患者,分析其流行病学,按是否伴发PTE分为研究组及对照组,采用多元回归寻找伴发PTE的危险因素。结果 192例患者中,43例伴发PTE,男32例,女11例,冬季发病最多,有13例（30.2%）,科室分布广,以呼吸及危重症医学科为主,共18例（41.9%）。原发性危险因素：研究组与对照组抗凝蛋白活性值比较,蛋白S(PS)活性（83.22±25.75）vs（101.59±1.23）,蛋白C(PC)活性（91.30±20.79）vs（103.22±14.19）,抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)活性（98.6±8.50）vs（103.66±8.85）,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以下的继发性危险因素差异具有统计学意义：年龄≥70岁,卧床≥3 d,吸烟或接触生物燃料,深静脉血栓形成（deep vein thrombosis,DVT）,外伤或/和手术,慢性阻塞性肺疾病（慢阻肺）合并II型呼吸衰竭、卒中发作史、高脂血症(均P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示：DVT( OR=65.34,95％CI：12.52~341.07,P<0.001)、外伤或/和手术(OR=45.12,95％CI：7.99~254.76,P<0.001)和慢阻肺合并II型呼吸衰竭(OR=9.04,95％CI：2.19~37.22,P<0.05)为住院伴发PTE的主要危险因素。结论 本地区PTE患者发病无季节、科室之分,抗凝蛋白活性水平低,DVT、外伤或/和手术和慢阻肺合并II型呼吸衰竭是本病发生的高危因素,认识以上临床特征,有助于提高PTE诊断率。     

老年肺血栓栓塞症95例临床特点分析

目的：：总结承德医学院附属医院老年肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床特点。方法：承德医学院附属医院住院174例PTE患者根据年龄分为中青年组(＜60岁)79例和老年组(≥60岁)95例,分析两组患者的一般情况、临床表现、辅助检查、药物不良反应及疗效。结果：老年患者中合并高血压、冠心病、糖尿病的百分率及出现咳嗽、查体肺部闻及湿啰音、心界扩大的情况明显多于中青年组(P＜0.05);两组辅助检查结果、药物不良反应和疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：虽然老年PTE患者基础疾病较多,临床症状易出现咳嗽,查体更易在胸部闻及湿啰音、叩诊心界扩大,但经积极诊治后,大多数预后良好。     

肺血栓栓塞症合并冠心病患者疾病特点及临床干预的初步研究

目的调查住院肺血栓栓塞症(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE)患者合并冠心病(coronary heartdisease,CHD)的发病率,研究合并CHD对于PTE患者病情严重程度的影响,同时比较临床干预的差异。方法分析了48例合并CHD的住院PTE患者的一般情况,吸烟指数,栓塞面积,是否合并高血压和下肢深静脉血栓(deep ve-nous thrombosis,DVT),动脉血气分析结果,心肌坏死标记物和所接受的临床干预措施,并与对照组30例不合并CHD的PTE患者进行比较。结果 15.3%的住院PTE患者合并CHD,合并CHD的住院PTE患者静息时未吸氧情况下动脉血氧分压(PaO2)低于未合并CHD的PTE患者,差异有统计学意义[(73.2±8.6)mm Hg vs.(78.6±6.1)mm Hg,P=0.015];栓塞累计肺段数两组相比,合并CHD的PTE患者累及肺段多于不合并CHD的患者,差异有统计学意义[(7.1±3.4)个vs.(5.1±3.2)个,P=0.029];临床干预方面,两组均采用低分子肝素序贯华法林和(或)溶栓治疗,合并CHD的PTE患者在此基础上应用抗血小板药...     

低踝臂指数与动脉硬化高危男性病死率关系的队列研究

目的研究具有多重动脉硬化危险的男性的踝臂指数（ABI）与全因和心血管疾病（CVD）病死率的关系。方法多中心连续人选内科住院病人中具有多个动脉硬化危险因素的男性病人1941例,年龄36～96岁,进行基线特征调查并平均随访13个月,观察其终点事件的发生率。结果外周动脉疾病（PAD）组的全因病死率（15．4％vs 7．7％）和CVD病死率（5．1％vs 1．8％）均高于正常组,且差异有统计学意义。在重度PAD组、轻度至中度PAD组、临界组和正常对照组中的全因病死率（分别为17．6％,15．2％,10．1％和7．3％）和CVD病死率（分别为14．7％,4．4％,2．9％和1．6％）差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．001）。经Cox回归分析后,轻至中度PAD组（0．4〈ABI≤0．9）全因死亡的RR为1．585（95％CI：1．126～2．230）。重度PAD组（ABI≤0．4）CVD死亡的RR为4．443（95％CI：1．811～10．902）,轻至中度PAD组CVD死亡的RR为1．859（95％CI：1．091～3．166）。PAD组的全因死亡和CVD死亡生存明显低于正常组。结论ABI是全因死亡和CVD死亡的独立危险因素,ABI越低CVD病死率可能越高。     

老年与中青年急性肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者的临床特征分析

 目的 比较老年与中青年急性肺血栓栓塞症(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE)患者的临床特点,提高诊断水平。方法 回顾性分析2009年11月至2011年4月在复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸科住院诊治的57例经螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)确诊为PTE患者的临床资料。按患者年龄分为中青年组(<60岁)22例和老年组(≥60岁)35例,对两组的一般资料、肺血栓栓塞症的危险因素、临床症状、实验室及影像学检查等资料进行统计学分析。结果 老年组中16例(45.7%)既往有高血压病史,老年组高血压的发生率显著高于中青年组(9.1%,P<0.01);呼吸困难是PTE最常见的临床症状;老年组晕厥发生率高(P<0.05),而胸痛发生率低(P<0.05)。老年组更易发生肺动脉高压(P<0.05)。血清肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTnT)≥0.01 ng/mL者,老年组发生率 (48.0%)高于中青年组(12.5%)(P<0.05)。 结论 老年人急性PTE症状不典型,容易漏诊和误诊,且更容易合并肺动脉高压和右心功能不全,病情更重,预后不良,需足够重视。     

450例住院老年糖尿病患者死因分析

目的了解住院老年糖尿病患者死亡原因和特点。方法回顾和总结10所综合性医院450例老年糖尿病死亡病例,并将其与同期住院的152例非老年糖尿病死亡病例进行对照分析。结果前3位死因老年组为脑血管病、心血管病、肾衰竭,非老年组为酮症酸中毒、脑血管病、心血管病,组间死因构成差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);在老年组随着年龄的增长,合并肿瘤及感染的患者住院病死率增加;老年组与非老年组男性死因构成比差异无统计学意义(P=0.329)。老年组女性死因以脑、心血管病变及肾衰竭等慢性合并症为主,非老年组女性以酮症酸中毒等急性合并症为主差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);老年组高血压及血脂异常发生率高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论重视对绝经期后女性心血管病的防治,预防糖尿病慢性合并症,保护脏器功能,有效的控制高血糖、高血压、高血脂,积极防治感染,对减少老年糖尿病患者的死亡有重要意义。     

In-hospital and long-term mortality in male veterans following noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.

OBJECTIVES--To determine the causes of and risk factors for mortality following noncardiac surgery. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study. SETTING--A university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical center. PATIENTS--Consecutive series of 474 men between the ages of 38 and 89 years (mean age, 68 years) who were undergoing major noncardiac surgery involving general anesthesia. All subjects had known coronary artery disease or were at high risk for coronary artery disease. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS--During the initial hospitalization, 26 patients (5%) died, most commonly from sepsis (n = 6) or cardiac diseases (n = 6). Deaths occurred from postoperative days 2 to 69; half occurred more than 3 weeks after surgery. Multivariable analysis disclosed that a history of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 13), a severely limited activity level (OR = 9.7; 95% CI, 2.5 to 37), and a creatinine clearance of less than 0.83 mL/s (OR = 6.8; 95% CI, 2.8 to 16) were all independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality. The mortality rate in patients with two or more of these risk factors was 20%, nearly eight times higher (95% CI, 3.6 to 16) than those with one or no risk factors. An additional 82 patients died within the next 2 years; cancer, renal dysfunction, congestive heart failure, and obstructive pulmonary disease were independently associated with long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS--Even in patients at high risk of cardiac complications following surgery, noncardiac causes of death are more common. Patients with a history of hypertension, severely limited activity, and reduced renal function appear to be at especially high risk of in-hospital mortality after noncardiac surgery.     

肺血栓栓塞症62例临床分析

目的 总结肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床特点.方法 选取62例临床资料完整的PTE患者,分为高危组和非高危组,分析常见高危因素、临床表现、治疗手段与疗效关系.结果 PTE患者高危因素前3位依次为心脑血管疾病(高血压56.6％、冠心病35.5％、糖尿病24.2％、脑梗死24.2％),下肢静脉血栓(72.6％),手术或骨折制...     

低分子肝素与普通肝素治疗急性肺血栓栓塞症疗效和安全性比较的Meta分析

目的根据现有随机对照临床研究,综合评价低分子肝素(LMWH)和普通肝素(UFH)作为初始治疗方案对非大面积肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的有效性和安全性.方法从1966年1月～2003年8月MEDLINE光盘数据库和1978年1月～2003年8月中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBM-Disk)中,检索以非大面积PTE为研究对象,比较LMWH和UFH作为初始抗凝药物治疗效果和安全性的随机对照试验(RCT)文献,并对RCT结果进行Meta分析.结果共5项RCT 999例患者入选.与UFH抗凝治疗比较,LMWH治疗PTE的合并比数比(OR)结果如下:(1)病死率比较:合并OR为0.81,95%可信区间为0.36～1.81,OR合并假设检验,χ2合并=0.52,P＞0.05;(2)静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)复发率比较:1项研究显示LMWH组TE复发率差异低于UFH组,合并OR为0.37,95%可信区间为0.14～1.00,OR合并假设检验,χ2合并=1.95,P=0.05;(3)严重出血率比较:合并OR为0.47,95%可信区间为0.16～1.39,OR合并假设检验,χ2合并=1.37,P＞0.05;(4)肝素诱导的血小板减少症(HIT)发生率比较:1项研究显示LMWH组HIT发生率显著低于UFH组,合并OR为0.66,95%可信区间为0.06～6.92,OR合并假设检验,χ2合并=0.35,P＞0.05.结论与UFH抗凝治疗比较,LMWH治疗非大面积PTE病死率无差异;部分研究提示UFH组(VTE)复发率显著高于LMWH组,但合并效应量显示无差异;LMWH的严重出血率与UFH亦无显著差异;部分研究提示HIT的发生率UFH组显著高于LMWH组,但合并效应量显示无差异.就总体而言,LMWH治疗非大面积PTE的疗效与安全性至少与UFH相当.     

24例合并肺血栓栓塞症的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者临床特点及治疗分析

目的调查2004年1月至2008年12月期间阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）住院患者合并肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）的患病率,研究合并PTE对于OSAHS患者起病及病情严重程度的影响,以及所采取的临床干预方法。方法分析24例合并PTE的住院OSAHS患者的一般情况、吸烟指数、是否合并高血压、肺动脉高压和下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）、栓塞面积、动脉血气分析结果、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最低夜间脉搏容积血氧饱和度（LSpO2）和所接受的治疗措施,与30例未合并PTE的OSAHS患者进行比较。结果 2.44%（31/1268）的住院OSAHS患者合并PTE,合并PTE的OSAHS患者平均AHI高于未合并PTE的OSAHS患者[（27.8±11.6）次/h比（18.2±8.1）次/h,P=0.038],而LSpO2则低于未合并PTE者[（78.4±8.5）%比（85.2±7.9）%,P=0.035]。临床干预方面,两组均采用无创正压通气（CPAP）治疗,合并PTE的OSAHS患者在此基础上应用抗凝和/或溶栓治疗。结论住院OSAHS患者合并PTE的发病率较高,合并PTE的OSAHS患者睡眠呼吸紊乱程度及继发的夜间低氧血症较严重,临床上需要采取以抗凝和CPAP为主的综合治疗。     

Trends in coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Victoria, 2001-2006: findings from the Australasian Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons database project

OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in preoperative clinical characteristics, risk profiles and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in Victoria. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: A prospective analysis of 9372 patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2006 in six Victorian public hospitals, using the Australasian Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trends in patient baseline characteristics and risk factors, postoperative morbidity and 30-day mortality rate. RESULTS: Over the 5 years, the mean age of patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery increased, from 65.4 years in 2001-02 to 66.0 years in 2005-06 (P < 0.001). There was also an increase in the proportion of patients with hypertension (70.2% to 75.8%; P < 0.001), respiratory disease (83.2% to 89.5%; P < 0.001) and left main coronary artery disease (22.1% to 26.1%; P = 0.03), while the number of patients undergoing repeat CABG surgery decreased (4.4% to 2.6%; P = 0.002). The overall 30-day mortality rate remained unchanged (2.2% to 1.8%; P = 0.983). Rates of other major postoperative complications showed no significant change over the study period. CONCLUSION: Rates of 30-day mortality and postoperative morbidity after CABG surgery have remained steady, despite the surgical population being older. Short-term outcomes after CABG surgery in Victoria remain among the most favourable reported in any population undergoing this surgery.     

Mortality from coronary heart disease-trends for the Republic of Ireland.

A study of certified mortality between 1968 and 1981 indicates that mortality from all causes commenced to decline from the mid 1970s in the Republic of Ireland. This trend was apparent for both sexes and for all ages except for men aged 55-64 years. A similar trend of lesser magnitude is suggested for coronary heart disease mortality in males, but not in females. The decrease in the percentage of male cigarette smokers in the population which is also reflected in a marked decline of smoking among male coronary patients, may be related to the trends in mortality.     

外伤性颞下颌关节强直的病因学研究

目的：探讨外伤性颞下颌关节强直与髁突骨折的关系。方法：92例外伤性颞下颌关节强直和342例髁突骨折病例。分析颞下颌关节强直患者临床及影像学资料并与髁突骨折患者进行对比研究。结果：颞下颌关节强直患者26例伤后明确诊断为髁突骨折,根据强直就诊时X线,还有43例存在髁突骨折痕迹,髁突骨折共计69例（69/92,75.0%）。颞下颌关节强直大多是0-10岁（56例,占60.9%）时的外伤所致,就诊大多在11-20岁（51例,占55.4%）,而髁突骨折的病例以成年人（≥21岁）多见（230例,占67.3%）,差异有统计学意义（X^2=113.79,X^2=45.25,P〈0.01）。髁突骨折以男性多见（232/342,67.8%）,而颞下颌关节强直患者中女性多见（48/92,52.2%）,差异有统计学意义（X^2=12.54,P〈0.01）。髁突骨折病人受伤时伴有身体其他部位外伤的有103例（103/342,30.1%）,与颞下颌关节强直（35/92,38.0%）相比差异有统计学意义（X^2=4.14,P〈0.05）。结论：虽然髁突骨折是导致外伤性颞下颌关节强直最主要原因,但髁突骨折早期不及时、不正确的诊疗对颞下颌关节强直的发生有着很大的影响。是否处在生长发育期、创伤严重程度与颞下颌关节强直发生密切相关。     

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

Objectives:To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, underlying comorbidities, and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.Methods:In this retrospective study, we reported 62 pediatric patients (age <14 years) with confirmed COVID-19 between March 2 and July 1, 2020, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Results:Comorbid conditions, including cardiac, neurological, respiratory, and malignant disorders, were reported in 9 patients (14.5%). The most prominent presenting complaints were fever (80.6%) and cough (48.4%). Most of our patients (80.6%) had mild disease, 11.3% had moderate disease, and 8.1% exhibited severe and critical illness. Twenty-one patients (33.9%) were hospitalized, with 4 patients (6.5%) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 3 (4.8%) patients died.Conclusion:All pediatric age groups are susceptible to COVID-19, with no gender difference. COVID-19 infection may result in critical illness and even mortality in subsets of pediatric patients.     

Diseases mortality patterns in elderly patients: A Nigerian teaching hospital experience in Irrua,Nigeria

Background:

Currently, in developing countries, there is a paradigm shift in the mortality patterns from communicable to non-communicable diseases.

Objective:

This study is aimed at providing a broad spectrum on the mortality patterns in elderly within a 5-year-period in a tertiary healthcare provider in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a retrospective review of mortality patterns of elderly patients from January 2007 to December 2011 occurring in Irrua specialist teaching hospital, (ISTH), Irrua and its environs. Information derived from the request cards include age, sex, clinical history, diagnosis, duration and cause of death.

Results:

During this period a total of 3,002 elderly (>65 years) admissions were seen. Of this, 561 patients were confirmed dead. Among this, 317 and 244 cases were elderly male and female patients, respectively. Hence the ratio of male to female was 1.3:1.0. The peak age group was 65-70 years accounting for 147 patients (26.2%). The age range of patients was 65-104 years while the modal and mean ages were 69 years and 74 years ΁ 4.2 standard deviation (SD), respectively. The most commonly encountered cause of mortality was cerebrovascular accident constituting 141 (25.1%) cases. The 2^nd and 3^rd majority of mortality cases were malignancies and diabetes mellitus (metabolic disorder) accounting for 85 (15.2%) and 45 (8%) cases, respectively. Others include congestive cardiac failure 35 (6.2%), Septicaemia 29 (5.2%), trauma 26 (4.6%) while chronic renal failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease consist of 22 cases (3.9%) each.

Conclusion:

Non-communicable diseases particularly cerebrovascular diseases and malignancies were the most commonly encountered cause of elderly mortality in our environment. Notwithstanding a large percentage of mortality patterns also results from communicable diseases with sepsis as the leading cause of mortality.     

2013—2019年流感季北京市住院老年人流感疫苗接种趋势分析

目的: 分析2013—2019年北京市≥60岁老年人流感疫苗接种情况,探究因不同疾病住院老年人的接种趋势变化。方法: 从2013—2019年北京市老年人流感疫苗接种信息登记数据库和2013—2019年北京市城镇职工基本医疗保险数据库分别提取老年人流感疫苗接种信息和住院信息后合并分析,比较因不同疾病住院的老年人的流感疫苗接种趋势,并描述2018—2019年流感季接种人群的分布情况。结果: 北京市因心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病住院的老年人的流感疫苗接种率分别为14.6%、13.4%、13.4%和11.8%,其中因心血管疾病住院老年人连续六个流感年度接种率均保持在最高,因糖尿病住院人群流感疫苗接种率保持在最低且年均下降幅度最大(-7.85%)。2018—2019年流感疫苗接种人群分布情况在不同年龄、性别、住院结局和合并症严重程度中差异有统计学意义。在因4种疾病住院的老年人中,70~79岁老年人接种率均为最高,而60~69岁老年人接种率均为最低。在因呼吸系统疾病住院的老年人中男性流感疫苗接种率优于女性,而在因糖尿病或心血管疾病住院的人群则表现相反。住院结局较差的老年人接种率更低。糖尿病患者中无共病的接种率最低(7.9%)。结论: 北京市2013—2019年因不同疾病住院的≥60岁老年人流感疫苗接种率整体呈下降趋势,应重点关注糖尿病和60~69岁老年人群的流感疫苗接种,并开展更多流感疫苗保护作用研究以支持流感疫苗在慢性病人群中的普及。