肱二头肌短头肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位的应用解剖

目的：为肱二头肌短头肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位提供解剖学基础。方法：３１侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本,对肱二头肌短头肌腱的形态、血管及喙突的局部结构进行解剖学观察。结果：肱二头肌短头肌腱长８．７±１．５ｃｍ,上部宽０．９±０．４ｃｍ,中部宽１．２±０．４ｃｍ,下部宽１．４±０．４ｃｍ,喙突尖至肩峰的距离４．７±０．５ｃｍ,喙突尖至锁骨肩峰端４．３±０．４ｃｍ。结论：设计肱二头肌短头肌腱移位重建喙锁韧带及肩锁上韧带修复肩锁关节脱位具有可行性     

肱二头肌短头腱喙肱肌腱喙肩韧带重建喙锁韧带的应用解剖

目的为肱二头肌短头腱、喙肱肌腱和喙肩韧带复合转位修复肩锁关节脱位提供解剖学基础.方法用50侧成人尸体标本,对喙锁韧带(锥状韧带和斜方韧带),肱二头肌短头腱、喙肱肌腱、喙肩韧带的形态结构进行解剖学观察.结果锥状韧带基底宽(1.3±0.3)cm,高(1.5±0.4)mm,斜方韧带长、宽、厚分别为(1.1±0.2)、(1.3±0.2)、(2.4±0.8)mm;肱二头肌短头和喙肱肌联合腱的长、宽、厚分别为(7.1±0.7)、(1.7±0.4)、(1.1±0.3)mm;喙肩韧带前、后缘长为(3.1±0.5)、(2.5±0.2)cm,喙锁间隙为(0.5±0.1)cm.结论以肱二头肌短头腱、喙肱肌腱和喙肩韧带复合转位重建喙锁韧带可有效地治疗肩锁关节脱位.     

肱二头肌短头肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位的解剖及临床应用

目的 :探讨肩锁关节完全脱位治疗的解剖学基础。方法 :观测 12侧喙突及其周围结构、肌皮神经、肱二头肌短头腱的形态及血供。结果 :喙突至肩峰距离为 (4 .6± 0 .5 )cm ,喙突尖至锁骨肩峰端距离为(4 .2± 0 .5 )cm ,肱二头肌短头长约 (2 0 .0± 2 .3 )cm ,肱二头肌短头腱长 (8.3± 1.2 )cm ,中部宽 (1.1± 0 .3 )cm ,中部厚 (1.0± 0 .5 )cm ,喙突上和各肌腱的血供为多源性。结论 :用肱二头肌短头肌修复肩锁关节脱位具有可行性。临床应用 4例 ,效果满意     

喙突周围肌腱与韧带转位治疗肩锁关节脱位的解剖及临床应用

目的 :探索肩锁关节脱位的治疗方法 ,并为临床提供解剖学基础。方法 :在 30侧成年尸体上对喙突、肌皮神经、肱二头肌短头腱、喙肱肌、喙肩韧带的形态、血供进行了观察 ,设计了用肱二头肌短头肌腱或喙肱肌腱并喙肩韧带转位治疗肩锁关节脱位的术式 ,并在临床验证。结果 :(1 )肱二头肌短头腱、喙肱肌腱、喙肩韧带都有足够的长度向锁骨翻转修复喙锁韧带 ;(2 )翻转的肌腱与韧带弹性差 ,抗拉力及强度大 ;(3)肌腱翻转后对原有的功能影响不大 ;(4)临床应用 1 6例 ,1 2例获随访 ,疗效满意。结论 :用肱二头肌短头腱、肱喙肌腱、喙肩韧带转位修复肩锁关节脱位的术式 ,有其形态学基础 ,可以在临床上推广应用     

喙肩韧带转位重建喙锁韧带的应用解剖

目的　为喙肩韧带转位重建喙锁韧带修复肩锁关节脱位提供形态学基础。方法　用 6 4侧成人尸体标本 ,对喙肩韧带的形态结构进行解剖学观测 ,并用 16侧经股动脉灌注乳胶的标本 ,研究喙肩韧带的血供来源及分支情况。结果　喙肩韧带长度为 (2 7± 0 4 )cm ,肩峰端宽 (1 5± 0 3)cm ,厚 (0 5± 0 1)cm ,喙突端宽 (2 4± 0 5 )cm ,厚 (0 7± 0 4 )cm ;以三部型为主 ,前部最为厚韧 ;血供来自胸肩峰动脉的肩峰支及三角肌支 ,二者发出 6～ 12支分布于喙肩韧带。结论　喙肩韧带转位重建喙锁韧带具有解剖学基础。     

肱二头肌联合腱部分转位治疗肩锁关节脱位

目的：探索利用肱二头肌短头及喙肱肌联合腱部分转位重建喙锁韧带治疗新鲜或陈旧肩锁关节脱位的临床价值。方法：在同一切口内，切取肱二头肌短头及喙肱肌联合腱额面部分，经锁骨外端性状结节骨性隧道反折固定原位重建喙锁韧带，同时以张力带钢丝固定治疗新鲜或陈旧性肩锁关节完全脱位。结果：本组24例，随访22例，均复位良好，无反遗疼痛，肩关节活动正常。结论：利用肱二头肌短头及喙肱肌联合腿部分转位重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位，手术操作简便，安全可靠，创伤小，疗效好，是治疗肩锁关节脱位的一种可行方法。     

胸小肌喙突骨瓣移位修复肩锁关节脱位的应用解剖

目的:为胸小肌喙突骨瓣移位修复肩锁关节脱位提供解剖学依据。方法:30侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本,对胸小肌的形态、血管、神经及喙突的形态结构进行解剖学观察。结果:胸小肌中部长15.6±1.8cm,起始处宽7.2±1.2cm,中部厚5.1±1.9mm,附着部宽1.5±0.4cm。营养动脉主要源于胸肩峰动脉的占83.3％(25侧),肌门距肌起、止点分别为2.2±1.7cm、5.7±1.4cm,胸小肌的神经93.3％(28侧)由胸内侧神经分支支配,长2.9±2.4cm。喙突长4.0±0.3cm、宽1.6±0.2cm、厚0.9±0.2cm。结论:设计胸小肌喙突骨瓣移位修复肩锁关节脱位具有可行性。     

肱二头肌额外头的形态学观察及其应用解剖

目的为肱二头肌短头转位治疗肩锁关节脱位手术入路提供解剖学基础。方法观察52具成人尸体(104侧)的肱二头肌额外头的形态、神经支配和动脉供应。结果52具尸体中14具有肱二头肌额外头,出现率为26.9%±1.6%,其中1具为双侧性。15侧肱二头肌额外头均由肌皮神经支配。由肱动脉分支供血。结论本地区人群中,肱二头肌额外头的出现率为26.9%,根据其起止点可分为4种类型。肱二头肌额外头的存在原因可从种系发生与个体发生两方面来解释。在肱骨骨折时考虑是否有肱二头肌额外头的存在来进行生物力学分析,取肱二头短头转位治疗肩锁关节脱位手术入路时应注意肱二头肌额外头的动脉分支。     

喙肩韧带移位重建喙锁韧带的解剖及生物力学研究

目的 :为应用喙肩韧带移位重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位提供形态学及生物力学基础。方法 :对 40个肩锁关节的喙肩韧带、喙锁韧带进行解剖学观测 ,并对 6例带有骨块的喙肩韧带和喙锁韧带进行力学测试。结果 :喙肩韧带呈三角形片状 ,外缘长 (3 .2± 0 .3 )cm ,中部厚 (2 .0± 0 .1)mm ,起点宽 (2 .2± 0 .5 )cm ,止点宽 (1.5± 0 .4)cm。喙锁韧带呈圆索状 ,其中的斜方韧带外缘长 (1.5± 0 .2 )cm ,中部厚 (5 .0± 1.0 )mm ,锥状韧带内缘长 (1.5± 0 .4)cm ,中部厚 (4 .0± 2 .0 )mm。喙肩韧带的最大抗拉伸力为 2 2 7.8～ 5 82 .6N ,喙锁韧带为 2 81.6～ 93 9.4N ,二者具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :用带骨块的喙肩韧带移位重建喙锁韧带具有形态学及生物力学基础 ,术式操作简单 ,损伤较小。     

肱二头肌短头近端起源部位的解剖学特征

目的 分析和描述肱二头肌近端起源部位的形态学特点，并测量其肌腱的解剖学数据，为肱二头肌的相关临床应用提供参考。方法 在6侧成人肩部标本上(左4具，右2具)解剖观察肱二头肌短头肌腱的起源、形态、走行以及其与喙肱肌、肌皮神经等结构的毗邻关系，并测量肱二头肌短头肌腱长度、宽度和厚度。结果 肱二头肌短头前表面覆以一层较厚的腱膜，腱膜下为肌性结构并以肌纤维直接起源于喙突尖，而不是一般意义上的腱性结构。肱二头肌短头肌腱的长度、宽度和厚度分别为(107.7±9.6)mm,(20.0±1.5)mm和(5.8±2.0)mm。结论 肱二头肌短头是以肌纤维直接起于喙突。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995