血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素原基因多态与心肌梗死相关性的研究

目的　探讨血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)和血管紧张素原 (AGT)基因多态与中国北方人群中心肌梗死 (MI)发病的相关性。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)和酶切方法对 90例正常对照者和 6 5例MI患者的ACE插入 /缺失(I/D)多态 ,AGT的M2 35T多态进行检测。结果　MI患者中ACE基因的DD基因型频率 0 431明显高于对照组0 15 6 (P <0 0 1) ,D等位基因频率 0 5 91高于对照组 0 333(P <0 0 1) ,MI患者中AGT基因的TT基因型频率0 6 92高于对照组 0 5 6 7(P <0 0 5 )。结论　DD基因型和TT基因型与中国北方人群心肌梗死相关 ,提示它们是心肌梗死的危险因子。     

简化的血管紧张素原基因单倍型分析与原发性高血压的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素原(AGT)基因连锁不平衡状态、单倍型及与原发性高血压的关系。方法选取497例病例对照样本,采用。PCR-RFIP法检测AGT基因7个位点多态性,同时用最大期望值(EM)算法进行两位点连锁不平衡和单倍型结构估计。结果A-6G,C 31T,T235M三位点两两存在完全连锁不平衡(D’=1)。用5种多态(A-217G,G-152A,A-20C,T174M和T235M)和7种多态(A-217G,G-152A,A-20C,A-6G,C 31T,T174M)估计单倍型结果相同。病例对照研究发现单倍型H2在病例组中频率高于对照组;单个位点分析未见与高血压关联。结论AGT基因研究中A-6G,C 31T,T235M三种多态可简化为其中一种;H2单倍型可能与控制血压的保护性因素连锁不平衡。     

血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素原基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）插入／缺失（I／D）多态性和血管紧张素原（AGT）M235T基因多态性与冠心病（CHD）的关系。方法应用多聚酶链反应结合限制性内切酶法（PCR—RFLP）对110例冠心病患者、62例冠状动脉造影正常者以及18名门诊常规体检无冠心病史者基因多态性进行分析。结果①CHD组ACE基因DD基因型及D等位基因频率明显高于健康对照组（分别为43．6％、60．5％比26．3％、44．4％）,差异有统计学意义‘P〈0．05）。CHD组AGT基因TT基因型及T等位基因频率明显高于对照组（分别为66．4％、78．6％比42．5％、60．6％）,差异有统计学意义（尸〈0．05）。②男性CHD组ACE基因DD基因型和D等位基因频率以及AGT基因TT基因型和T等位基因频率均显著高于对照组（均P〈O．05）。女性CHD组ACE基因DD基因型和D等位基因频率以及AGT基因‘rr基因型和T等位基因频率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③联合分析ACEDD型及AGTTr型罹患冠心病的相对风险,其比数~L（OR）为4．904,高于单基因ACEDD型（2．175）及AGTTT型（2．669）。结论ACE基因I／D多态性及AGT基因M235T多态性与CHD有显著相关性,同时具有ACEDD型及AGT TT型发生冠心病的相对风险显著高于单基因ACEDD型及单基因AGT‘丌型。性别也可作为冠心病的危险因素。     

桂西地区壮族人群肾素—血管紧张素系统基因多态性分析

目的探讨肾素—血管紧张素系统（RAS）中血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（AT1R）基因A1166C多态、血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶（ACE）基因插入/缺失（I/D）多态及血管紧张素原（AGT）基因M235T多态在桂西地区壮族人群中的分布频率,比较其在不同种族间分布的差异。方法采用PCR-RFLP技术和DNA测序法检测150例壮族人AT1R基因A1166C、ACE基因I/D和AGT基因M235T多态性,结合文献进行不同种族间的比较分析。结果桂西地区壮族人群AT1R基因A1166C基因型和等位基因频率与土耳其比较差异有统计学意义;桂西地区壮族人群ACE基因I/D基因型频率与法国人、土耳其人比较差异有统计学意义,基因型和等位基因频率与黎巴嫩人、巴林人比较差异有统计学意义;桂西地区壮族人群AGT基因M235T基因型和等位基因频率与法国人、蒙古族人、土耳其人、波兰人比较有统计学差异（P均〈0.01）。结论 RAS基因多态性在不同种族间分布频率存在差异,这种差异势必会影响RAS基因在一些疾病特别是地方高发性疾病发生、发展中的作用。     

血管紧张素原、血管紧张素Ⅱ的Ⅰ型受体基因多态性及其与原发性高血压的关系

目的 :观察血管紧张素原 (AGT) M2 35 T、血管紧张素 的 型受体 (AT1R) A116 6 C基因多态性在正常人群及原发性高血压 (EH)患者中的分布。方法 :采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)及限制性片段长度多态性分析(RFL P)方法。结果 :正常人群 (对照组 ,80例 )及 EH(95例 )患者 AGT M2 35 T的频率分别为 0 .813、0 .832 ;AT1RA116 6 C频率分别为 0 .0 5 0、0 .0 5 3。两种基因多态性在 EH患者与对照组间无显著性差异 ,但 AGT M2 35 T在 <6 0岁的 EH患者中频率显著高于≥ 6 0岁的患者和 <6 0岁对照组 ,而 AT1R A116 6 C无此差异。结论 :两种基因多态性因人种不同而不同。 AGT M2 35 T与 EH早期发病有关 ,而 AT1R A116 6 C对于 EH的发生无重要作用     

血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与高血压病人胰岛素抵抗相关性的研究

目的　探讨血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE)基因多态性 ,血管紧张素原 (AGT)基因突变与高血压及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法　用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)检测 76例原发性高血压及 2 8例正常血压者的ACE基因插入 /缺失 (I/D)多态性及AGT基因位点突变 ,同时进行口服葡萄糖耐量及胰岛素释放试验 ,以空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素乘积倒数的对数值(ISI) ,胰岛素曲线下面积IS AUC作为胰岛素敏感性指标。结果　 (1)ACE基因多态性在高血压和正常血压组无显著性差异 ,而AGTT2 35等位基因频率在高血压组高于正常对照组 (0 4 3vs0 32 ,P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )无论是高血压还是正常血压者ACE基因DD型者的ISI均明显低于ID和II型 ,IS AUC显著高于ID和II型〔ISI:- 4 31± 0 2 0vs -3 6 3± 0 2 2和 - 3 2 7± 0 2 4 ,P <0 0 1;IS(AUC) :2 11 1± 5 6 8vs 135 7± 5 4 7、12 6 8± 5 1 7mu·L-1,P <0 0 1〕 ,而AGT基因T2 35 ,T174基因突变与胰岛素抵抗无关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　ACE基因DD型而非AGT基因可能参与高血压病人及正常血压者胰岛素抵抗的基因调节 ,这可能是ACE基因DD型易发生心血管危险的机制之一     

连锁分析血管紧张素转换酶基因插入/缺失多态性和血管紧张素原 M235T基因多态性与肥厚型心肌病的关系

目的 连锁分析中国人群血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因插入／缺失多态性及血管紧张素原（AGT）M235T基因多态性与肥厚型心肌病（HCM）发病的关系。方法 对63例HCM患分别用PCR法检测ACE基因插入／缺失和AGT M235T基因多态性。结果 HCM患中ACE DD＋AGT TT基因型的比数比高于单基因型,其心脏事件发生率高于其他基因型组合和AGT TT型。结论 同时具有ACE DD＋AGT TT基因型,较单基因型发生HCM的风险率显增高;同时具有ACE DD＋AGT TT基因型的HCM患发生心脏事件的危险更大。     

不同性别高血压病患者肾素-血管紧张素系统多基因多态性关联研究

目的探讨不同性别高血压病患者与肾素-血管紧张素系统,包括血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体(AT1R)基因、血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)和血管紧张素原(AGT)多基因多态性的相关性。方法应用多聚酶链式反应-限制性酶切法(PCR-RFLP)检测95例高血压病患者和98例健康对照者的AT1R基因1166位点、ACE基因I/D以及AGT基因M235T基因型,比较不同性别两组间基因型和等位基因型的分布频率。结果男性高血压组AT1R基因、AC/CC基因型和ACE基因DD基因型频率高于对照组,1166C和D等位基因频率明显高于对照组;AGT基因TT基因型及T等位基因频率较对照组为高,但差异无统计学意义;在女性,ACE基因D等位基因频率较其对照组为高(P0.05),余各基因型和等位基因频率在病例组与对照组之间均未见差异。结论肾素-血管紧张素系统多个基因位点变异与男性高血压病发病有关,只有较少基因位点多态性参与女性发病。     

血管紧张素原基因两个多态位点与海南地区汉族脑梗死的关系

目的 了解血管紧张素原(AGT)基因T174M和M235T的多态性与海南地区汉族脑梗死的关系.方法 应用等位基因特异性PCR技术,对334例海南地区汉族脑梗死患者和193例海南地区汉族正常对照组中AGT基因T174M、M235T多态位点进行检测,统计各组基因型频率及各组等位基因频率.结果 T174M基因多态性和M235T基因的T等位基因频率增高在脑梗死组与正常对照组间有显著性差异(χ2=6.608,P＜0.05;χ2=4.314,P＜0.05);而M235T基因多态性和T174M基因的T等位基因频率在两组间无显著性差异(χ2=44.080,P>0.1;χ2=3.873,P>0.05).结论 AGT基因T174M多态性及M235T基因的T等位基因频率增高与海南汉族脑梗死发病相关,而M235T基因多态性及T174M基因的T等位基因频率与脑梗死无关.     

肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态性与原发性高血压左心室肥厚关系的探讨

目的　探讨肾素 血管紧张素系统 (RAS)基因多态性与原发性高血压左心室肥厚 (EH LVH)的相关性以及在EH LVH产生中的多基因协同作用。方法　对 10 9例原发性高血压病 (EH)患者 ,采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)以及聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性方法检测血液白细胞染色体DNA中血管紧张素转换酶 [ACE(I D) ]、血管紧张素原 [AGT(M2 35T) ]和血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体 [AT1 R(A116 6C) ]基因多态性 ;利用超声心动图检测左心室质量 (LVM)并计算左心室质量指数 (LVMI)。结果　ACE(I D)基因多态性D等位基因频率在EH LVH组中明显增高 (χ2 =4 .6 9,P=0 .0 30 ) ,男性EH患者中 ,ACE(I D)基因型构成比与LVH有关联 (χ2 =9.5 5 ,P =0 .0 0 8)。协同存在AGT TT型时 ,ACE(I D)基因多态性与EH LVH有关 (χ2 =6 .2 2 ,P =0 .0 4 4 ) ,且D等位基因在EH LVH明显增高 (χ2 =6 .91,P =0 .0 0 9) ,该类EH患者发生LVH的相对危险度增高 (OR :2 .5 0 ,95 %CI:1.2 5～ 5 .0 0 )。结论　ACE(I D)基因多态性D等位基因可能是LVH的独立危险因子。ACE基因多态性与AGT基因多态性之间的协同效应表明 ,同时携带AGT TT型时 ,具有ACE(I D)基因多态性D等位基因的EH患者更易发生LVH。     

Genetic polymorphisms of angiotensinogen and essential hypertension in a Tibetan population.

The human angiotensinogen gene (AGT) is a promising candidate for an essential hypertension-susceptibility gene. We aimed to explore the single-locus, haplotype and epistasis patterns of three polymorphisms of AGT (A-20C, A-6G and M235T) and their relation to the risk of essential hypertension in a Tibetan population. The three polymorphisms were genotyped in 333 essential hypertension patients and 235 healthy controls on the basis of a door-to-door cross-sectional study. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymerase (RFLP) and direct sequencing techniques. The data were analyzed using the EH/EH+ program and the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Our single-locus analysis revealed that except for a marginal, significant association of A-20C allele distribution, no significant association between genotype and allele distributions of the A-20C, A-6G, or M235T polymorphism of AGT and essential hypertension was found. In haplotype analysis, we found that the H(1) haplotype may be the risk-conferring factor for hypertension, even after the Bonferroni correction. In epistasis analysis, we selected the final best model, which included the A-20C and A-6G polymorphisms with a strong synergistic effect. This model had a maximum testing accuracy of 0.564 and a maximum cross validation consistency of 10 out of 10 (p=0.001). The present study thus provides evidence of a strong synergistic effect of the A-20C and A-6G polymorphisms of AGT, which were not found to be associated with essential hypertension in the single-locus analysis. Moreover, we have proposed a promising data-mining analytical method using the open-source MDR software package for detecting and characterizing gene-gene interactions.     

Die Rolle des Angiotensinogengens für die essentielle Hypertonie

Essential hypertension is a complex disease influenced by different genetic and environmental factors. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in blood pressure regulation. Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the precursor of the biologically active angiotensin II (Ang II). Initial studies on hypertensive siblings and case-control studies indicated the important role of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) for the predisposition to essential hypertension, preeclampsia and obesity-related hypertension. Recently, different AGT polymorphisms had been identified and analyzed in case-control studies. The aim of present studies is the analysis of potentially functional AGT variants (C-532T, G-6A), which might be responsible for the regulation of gene expression and therefore AGT generation. The A-6 allele is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the T235 allele and is associated with higher AGT expression in vitro. Segregation linkage analysis demonstrated that the C-532T polymorphism influences plasma AGT variability more significantly than the G-6A variant. Since the C-532T polymorphism is located within a AP-2 consensus element, functional promoter analyses are required. The understanding of the molecular basis of RAS in essential hypertension may provide us with new and more specific pharmacological agents and perhaps the ability to individualize antihypertensive treatment.     

Association of angiotensinogen M235T and A(-6)G gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease with independence of essential hypertension: the PROCAGENE study. Prospective Cardiac Gene

OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism, the variant promoter of the AGT gene A(-6)G and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) in native Gran Canaria Island habitants, who have the highest rates of CHD in Spain. BACKGROUND: Some studies subject that the ACE (I/D) polymorphism could be associated with CHD, while AGT (M235T) has been related to essential hypertension. METHODS: We studied 304 subjects with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction or unstable angina and 315 age- and gender-matched controls. Blood was drawn and DNA extracted. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (I/D) gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and AGT gene polymorphisms by restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR and mutagenically-separated PCR. RESULTS: The ACE (I/D) polymorphism showed no association with CHD, whereas the frequency distribution of AGT (M235T) genotypes among patients and controls (235T: 29.1% and 19.0%; M235T: 48.5% and 50.2%; M235: 22.4% and 30.8%, respectively) was statistically different (p = 0.005) and not related to the presence of essential hypertension. Similar results were observed with the AGT A(-6)G polymorphism. In multiple logistic regression analysis, CHD odds ratio associated with 235T and M235 homozygotes were 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) and 0.54 (0.36 to 0.82), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that genetic variation of the AGT (M235T), but not the ACE (I/D), genotypes contributes to the presence of CHD independently of blood pressure profile in a subset of the Spanish population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease.     

Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system and autonomic nervous system function in young healthy Japanese subjects

CONTEXT: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) interacts with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Several genetic polymorphisms in the RAS have been identified and have been implicated as a cause of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between genetic polymorphisms of the RAS (M235T of AGT gene, insertion/deletion of ACE gene, A1166C of AT1R gene, and A1675G of AT2R gene) and ANS function. SUBJECTS: One hundred forty-nine young healthy Japanese males were genotyped for each RAS polymorphism. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ANS function was evaluated by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) during supine rest and in a standing position. RESULTS: In a supine position, subjects homozygous for the AGT 235T allele had a higher HRV sympathetic index than 235M allele carriers, whereas the orthostatic change in this index was relatively blunted in AGT 235TT carriers. In the analysis of gene-gene interaction, these effects of the AGT 235T homozygotes on HRV sympathetic index were more apparent in the presence of the ACE D allele. Meanwhile, the AT1R 1166C allele was significantly associated with higher HRV low-frequency power and sympathetic index in a standing position. These data suggest that the AGT M235T polymorphism is associated with sympathetic predominance at rest, and AT1R 1166C allele carriers have potentially increased sympathetic response. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac autonomic function can be modulated by genetic variation in the RAS even in young and healthy states.     

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms and hypertension in Hong Kong Chinese

In Chinese populations, hypertension is common and is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular and coronary heart disease. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) helps maintain blood pressure and salt homeostasis and appears important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and some forms of vascular disease. We investigated three RAAS gene polymorphisms, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion, angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T and angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C polymorphisms in 232 hypertensive and 178 normotensive Chinese subjects. The hypertensives were generally more obese and dyslipidaemic. No significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies for any of the polymorphisms were identified between the groups, nor was there any interactive contribution to blood pressure by the ACE and AGT polymorphisms. However, there were large differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the healthy Chinese and published data for equivalent Caucasian populations. These findings suggest these polymorphisms are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in Chinese.     

Gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and early development of hypertension

BACKGROUND: A case-control association study was conducted to investigate a possible involvement of polymorphisms of three renin-angiotensin system genes: ACE (I/D and T-3892C), AGT (M235T and T174M), and AT1R (A1166C) in the early development of hypertension. METHODS: One hundred nineteen hypertensive and 125 normotensive participants aged 18 to 40 years were selected from a broader sample representative of the general population of Croatia. The selection criteria for hypertensive cases were systolic blood pressure (BP) higher than 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP higher than 90 mm Hg and a history of hypertension according to patient interview. RESULTS: Among the polymorphisms investigated, only those located on the ACE gene were associated with hypertension. For ACE I/D, the odds ratio for hypertension of DD versus II homozygote individuals was 2.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-5.25) and for ACE T-3892C, the odds ratio of CC versus TT individuals was 2.32 (95% CI 1.05-5.10). Both polymorphisms of the ACE gene were in tight linkage disequilibrium. Of the investigated risk factors for hypertension, only body mass index (BMI) showed an influence on the early development of hypertension, acting independently of the ACE polymorphism. Their additive effect gives rise to 86% of hypertensives in subjects having both the DD genotype and BMI >or=30 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence of the association of the ACE gene polymorphisms and premature hypertension. In addition, BMI proved to be another important predictor of the disorder acting independently of the ACE gene.     

血管紧张素原基因多态性与高血压血尿醛固酮水平相关

目的研究血管紧张素原(Angiotensinogen,AGT)基冈5个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)及其构成的单倍型在中国汉族人群中与原发性高血压的相关性及各SNP与高血压患者血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血浆和尿醛固酮(Ald)水平的关系。方法采用MassARRAYTM系统质谱检测技术,在500例原发性高血压患者和500名正常对照者中,对AGT基因启动子区域的C-532T、A-20C、G-6A及编码区的T174M和M235T进行基因分型。用放免法检测高血压患者PRA、AngⅡ、血尿Ald水平。结果5种SNP的等位基因频率和单倍型分布在原发性高血压组和对照组中均无显著差异(P>0．05);男性高血压患者中C-532T多态CT TT基因型个体尿Ald水平显著高于CC型个体(6．52 vs 5．19μg／d,P=0．03);女性高血压患者G-6A多态GG GA基因型个体血Ald水平显著高于AA型个体(78．63 vs 58．86 pg/ml,P=0．015);女性高血压患者M235T多态MM MT基因型个体血Ald水平显著高于TT型个体(78．73 vs 58．81 pg／ml,P=0．03); A-20C多态AC CC基因型与G-6A多态GG GA基因型联合者尿Ald水平(P<0．05)、体重指数(P <0．01)显著高于其他联合基因型。结论AGT基因5个SNP及单倍型分布在高血压患者和正常血压对照之间无显著差异,AGT基因的SNP分布与原发性高血压患者血尿醛固酮水平有关。