樟树挥发油含量及成分在不同时间和生长环境中的变化

目的:分析樟树在不同时间、不同生长环境叶挥发油的含量及成分变化,为合理开发综合利用樟树挥发油资源提供科学依据。方法:用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,测定总挥发油得率,用气相色谱进行分析,归一化法测定龙脑樟脑的含量。结果:同一滨江高教园区从3月到7月的样本中,发油总含量最高3.0987%、最低0.5198%;龙脑最高18.7003%、最低0.4032%;樟脑最高14.8126%、最低0.0172%。不同生长环境东阳的样本龙脑的含量比杭州低1半;湖州的样本挥发油总含量比杭州大得多。结论:不同时间和生长环境对樟树挥发油的含量和成分有一定的影响。     

GC法同时测定麝香壮骨膏中樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片和水杨酸甲酯的含量

目的:建立同步测定麝香壮骨膏(樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片等)中樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片和水杨酸甲酯等4种成分含量的气相色谱方法。方法:挥发油测定器蒸馏制备供试液,以萘为内标物。PEG-20M为固定相的毛细管柱,氮气作为载气,FID检测器,采用程序升温,内标法测定样品中4种成分的含量。结果:麝香壮骨膏中的樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片(龙脑和异龙脑)和水杨酸甲酯及内标物萘等5种物质在同一色谱条件下获得良好分离,樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片和水杨酸甲酯的回收率依次为96.92(RSD=2.42),98.03(RSD=1.81),99.02(RSD=1.47)和98.15(RSD=1.59)。采用此方法对麝香壮骨膏的6个不同厂家的产品进行含量测定,均可取得满意的结果。结论:该方法简便、准确、分离度好,可用于控制麝香壮骨膏的质量。     

电热空气清新消毒液中樟脑,薄荷醇和冰片的气相色谱法测定

用萘作内标,毛细管气相色谱法测定电热空气清新消毒液中樟脑,薄荷醇和冰片的含量。结果显示,空气清新消毒液含樟脑８．１５％,薄荷醇３．７０％,冰片３．５３％;ＲＳＤ分别为１．３６％,２．１５％,４．５８％。樟脑在０．４９８－２．４９０ｍｇ／ｍｌ,薄荷醇在０．２２７－１．１３５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,冰片在０．２２４－１．１２０ｍｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内线性关系好,ｒ值为０．９９９９。     

神佗伤湿灵中樟脑与薄荷脑的气相色谱测定

目的 :用气相色谱法测定神佗伤湿灵中樟脑及薄荷脑的含量。方法 :以10 %PEG20M为固定相 ,ShimaliteW(NAW)60～80mesh为担体 ,萘为内标。结果 :樟脑及薄荷脑浓度分别在1 41mg/ml～11 30mg/ml和1 40mg/ml～11 21mg/ml范围内 ,与A对/A内 之间呈线性关系。回归方程分别为 :樟脑Y=0 19969C -0 00244(r=1 0000) ;薄荷脑Y=0 22175C-0 00260(r=0 9999)。加样回收率分别为 :樟脑100.56%(n=6 RSD=0 45%);薄荷脑101 01%(n=6,RSD=0 79%)。结论 :气相色谱测定法测定樟脑与薄荷脑快速、简便、重现性好 ,结果准确、稳定、可靠。     

模糊物元模型评价几种促透剂的促透效果

目的：探讨模糊物元模型在促透剂促透效果综合评价中的运用。方法：研究氮酮、薄荷醇、樟脑、油酸、丁香油、荆芥油、藿香油促透剂对模型药物扑热息痛在离体兔背部皮肤上的透皮行为,计算渗透系数、稳态流量、滞后时间、增渗倍数,运用基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对促透效果进行综合评价。结果：2%丁香和2%樟脑对扑热息痛的促透效果最好,1%氮酮、2%荆芥、2%薄荷醇、2%油酸次之,2%广藿香最差。结论：基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可客观地、公正地评价促透剂的促透效果。     

济众酊的质量标准研究

目的建立济众酊的质量控制方法。方法采用薄层色谱法鉴别酊剂中主药大黄、广藿香;气相色谱法测定樟脑、薄荷脑的含量。结果济众酊中的大黄、广藿香的薄层色谱具有鉴别特征、斑点清晰、与相应对照品均呈相同的鉴别反应;樟脑在0.040 44～0.505 5 mg.ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率100.8%,RSD为1.1%(n=6);薄荷脑在0.049 84～0.249 2 mg.ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 4),平均回收率101.2%,RSD为1.2%(n=6)。结论鉴别方法专属性强、灵敏度高;定量方法简便快速、结果准确且重复性好,可用于制剂的质量控制。     

气相色谱法同时测定三川丹皮酚膏中4种成分含量

目的建立同步测定三川丹皮酚膏中樟脑、薄荷脑、龙脑和丹皮酚4种成分含量的气相色谱法。方法使用气相色谱仪,ZB-WAX毛细管柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm）。以氮气为载气,氢火焰离子化检测器,采用程序升温,外标法测定含量。结果三川丹皮酚膏中的樟脑、薄荷脑、龙脑和丹皮酚等4种物质在规定范围内有良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.82%、99.28%、98.72%、97.35%。结论本方法简便,灵敏度高,重复性好,结果准确,适合于三川丹皮酚膏中樟脑、薄荷脑、龙脑和丹皮酚的含量测定。     

Antispasmodic activity of extracts and compounds of Acalypha phleoides Cav

The aerial parts of Acalypha phleoides are usually prescribed in the Mexican traditional medicine for a variety of gastrointestinal complaints. The MeOH-CHCl(3) (1:1) extract of the aerial part of A. phleoides showed an inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal propulsion of a charcoal meal in mice. In isolated guinea-pig ileum, this extract produced a concentration dependent inhibition of the contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, but it was unable to inhibit the contractions elicited by acetylcholine, histamine, KCl and BaCl(2). This extract produced also a concentration dependent inhibition of the spontaneous pendular movement of the isolated rabbit jejunum. This inhibitory activity was partially blocked by propranolol. The essential oil, obtained from the aerial part of this plant, was more potent than the MeOH-CHCl(3) (1:1) extract in inhibiting the spontaneous pendular movement of the rabbit jejunum. Thymol, camphor and gamma-terpinene were identified from the essential oil by GC-MS. These monoterpenes showed antispasmodic activity in the rabbit jejunum preparation, thymol was the most active compound, followed by camphor and gamma-terpinene. Thymol and camphor in high concentrations also showed tracheal relaxant properties, but gamma-terpinene did not. These in vivo and in vitro results tend to support the traditional use of A. phleoides as an antispasmodic agent.     

正交试验优选党参多糖的硫酸化工艺研究

目的优选党参多糖硫酸化工艺。方法用氯磺酸-吡啶法对党参多糖进行硫酸化修饰,以取代度和产物得率为指标,用L9(34)正交试验对试剂配比、反应温度、反应时间进行优选,用氯化钡-明胶法测定硫酸基的取代度。结果试剂配比和反应时间分别对产物得率和取代度的影响最大,氯磺酸与吡啶配比为1∶6时产物得率最高;反应时间为3 h时取代度最高,达1.83;各因素不同水平对产物得率和取代度的影响无显著差异。结论综合考虑最适宜的修饰条件为氯磺酸与吡啶配比为1∶6、反应温度80℃、反应时间3 h。     

HPLC-RID法同时测定复方痱子粉中4种成分的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱-示差折光检测法测定复方痱子粉中樟脑、麝香草酚、薄荷脑和克霉唑4种成分的含量。方法采用示差折光检测器,C18色谱柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(78:22)为流动相,柱温30℃,流速为0.8mL/min,进样量为20μL。结果线性范围分别为樟脑0.210~0.631mg/mL,r=0.999 9;麝香草酚0.312~0.935mg/mL,r=0.999 8;薄荷脑0.207~0.621mg/mL,r=0.999 9;克霉唑1.389~4.166mg/mL,r=0.999 9。平均回收率为樟脑100.4%(RSD=0.5%),麝香草酚99.5%(RSD=0.7%),薄荷脑100.4%(RSD=0.6%),克霉唑100.3%(RSD=0.5%)。结论本法简便,快速,准确,可作为本品质量评价和生产工艺监控的有效方法。     

薄荷油与薄荷醇促进中药成分经皮吸收的对比研究

该文拟探讨并比较薄荷油与薄荷醇对中药复杂成分的经皮促透作用特征规律。选择系列不同logP(油水分配系数)中药有效成分作为模型药物,即蛇床子素(logP=3.85)、川芎嗪(logP=2.34)、阿魏酸(logP=1.26)、葛根素(logP=-0.35)、京尼平苷(logP=-1.01),简化并表征中药复杂成分体系,采用体外透皮试验,对比分析薄荷油与薄荷醇的经皮促透作用特征。同时,采用傅利叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术进一步比较薄荷油与薄荷醇对皮肤角质层内在分子结构的影响。研究结果显示,适宜浓度的薄荷油与薄荷醇均可促进不同logP药物成分的经皮吸收,薄荷醇作用下药物经皮促透倍数对数值与药物logP向于负线性关系,薄荷油作用趋向于呈抛物线关系,但都表现出对logP较低药物(即亲水性药物)具更佳的经皮促透效果,其作用趋势相似。红外光谱研究显示,薄荷油与薄荷醇主要通过影响角质层脂质而影响皮肤屏障功能,且作用强度相近,与体外透皮试验结果一致。可知,薄荷油与薄荷醇的体外经皮促透作用特征相似,且对角质层内在分子结构影响相同,因此,作为经皮促透剂应用条件下,可以考虑选择成分单一的薄荷醇代替组成复杂的薄荷油。     

A Preliminary Investigation on the Antimicrobial Activity of Listerine®, Its Components,and of Mixtures Thereof

Listerine® is one of the most popular mouthwashes worldwide and claims to combat harmful bacteria. In the past century, its recipe was changed from an essential oil mouthwash to a five‐component mixture (thymol, menthol, eucalyptol, and methyl salicylate dissolved in 27% ethanol). The aim of this study was to get preliminary information about the antimicrobial activities of individual Listerine® components and their mixtures. We tested the bacterial strains Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Eikenella corrodens and the yeast Candida albicans. The established minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) assay were applied. None of the combinations of two phenols at the concentrations contained within Listerine® were associated with either an additive or synergistic effect. Thymol had lower MIC and MBC/MFC values than the other Listerine® components and Listerine® against E. corrodens and C. albicans. The mixtures consisting of eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, and thymol were the most effective against S. mutans and E. faecalis and more effective than Listerine®. Our results demonstrate that the phenols and their concentrations as contained within Listerine® could be further optimized in terms of selecting those which increase their general effectiveness, at concentrations that do not induce harm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea biebersteini Afan. (Asteraceae)

The essential oil and methanol extracts from A. biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro. The oil showed stronger antimicrobial activity than the extracts. Their antioxidant features were also evaluated using diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), inhibition of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and inhibition of the lipid peroxidation assays. Particularly, polar subfraction of the methanol extract showed antioxidant activity. The GC-MS analysis of the oil has resulted in the identification of 23 components; piperitone, eucalyptol, camphor, chrysanthenone and borneol were the main components. Antimicrobial activity tests carried out with the fractions of the oil showed that the activity was mainly observed in those containing eucalyptol and camphor, in particular, followed by borneol and piperitone.     

百里香挥发油化学成分的研究

目的研究陕西秦岭山区百里香挥发油化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取百里香挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定。结果分离鉴定出52种化学成分,其含量占挥发油总量的97.624%。结论陕西秦岭山区百里香的挥发油主要成分为百里酚(20.873%)、香荆芥酚(16.580%)、对伞花烃(15.623%)、龙脑(4.648%)、樟脑(3.563%)、芳樟醇(2.954%)。     

挥发性成分在橡胶膏剂处方中的作用及如何提高其稳定性

在中药橡胶膏剂的处方中,多含有薄荷醇(薄荷脑)、冰片、樟脑、水杨酸甲酯等挥发性成分,文章通过对这类成分的促进药物透皮吸收的作用,本身具有的杀菌、消炎、止痛、镇痛的作用,以及在制备橡胶膏剂的过程中,起到了软化橡胶的作用,进行文献总结。针对其含量的多少对中药橡胶膏剂舒适性和成型性的影响,提出采用包合技术、脂质体技术、微囊化技术等控制此类成分的挥发,达到控制其含量的作用。     

威灵仙和显脉旋复花挥发油成分的研究和比较

用GC-MS-DS联用的方法,分析了威灵仙和显脉旋复花的化学成分,显脉旋复花挥发油中主要成分为百里香酚和异丁酸百里香酯;威灵仙挥发油中主要成分为棕榈酸和3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛。     

牛至油及其主要成分的体外抑菌实验

目的：比较牛至油、香芹酚、百里香酚和对伞花烃对6株标准菌的抑菌效果。方法：采用滤纸片法以及试管二倍稀释法,以头孢曲松钠和氟康唑作为阳性对照,分别采用牛至油、香芹酚、百里香素、对伞花烃对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、葡萄牙念珠菌进行体外抑菌实验,测定抑菌圈的大小,最小抑菌浓度（MIC）以及最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。评价各试药的抑菌效果。结果：牛至油、香芹酚、百里香酚对不同标准菌株均有明显抑菌效果;滤纸片法显示牛至油、香芹酚、百里香酚对选定的6株菌株皆高度敏感,对伞花烃对其菌株耐药。试管二倍稀释法结果表明,牛至油、香芹酚抑菌效果稍强于百里香酚,但这3种植物挥发油对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌效果与其他菌株相比较弱。结论：牛至油、香芹酚和百里香酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、葡萄牙念珠菌具有显著体外抑菌作用。     

复方樟脑薄荷醑的质量控制研究

目的建立薄层色谱法定性鉴别复方樟脑薄荷醑中薄荷脑,并建立高效液相色谱法测定复方樟脑薄荷醑中樟脑的方法。方法Diamonsil C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）;流动相为甲醇-0．2％磷酸水溶液（60：40）;体积流量为1．0mL／min;进样量为20此;检测波长为289nm：柱温为30℃。结果薄层色谱法鉴别出薄荷脑,樟脑在0．2-1．6mg／mL与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r=0．9993）,平均回收率为99．6％,RSD值为0．96％。结论薄荷脑的薄层色谱定性鉴别,操作简便,且阴性无干扰;樟脑的测定方法准确、简便、重现性好,可用于复方樟脑薄荷醑的质量控制。     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Pulicaria odora L

The chemical composition of the volatile oil constituent from Pulicaria odora L. roots has been analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-seven components were identified, being thymol (47.83%) and its derivative isobutyrate (30.05%) the main constituents in the oil. Furthermore, the oil was tested against seven bacteria at different concentrations. Results showed that the oil exhibited a significant antibacterial activity.     

Cholertic activity of Thapsia chem I,II, and III in rats: Comparison with terpenoid constituents and peppermint oil

The influence on bile flow of the fruit essence from three chemotypes of the genus Thapsia and their major components has been investigated. For comparative purposes menthol and peppermint oil were also included in the assay. All the drugs tested showed toa different extent choleretic activity calculated on the increase of the bile amount in male adbult Wistar rats. Thapsia Chem I (50 mg/kg) containing 88% geranylacetate was found to indued choleresis in treated rats to a level as high as peppermint oil containing 42% menthol. A similar activity was confirmed when pure geranylacetate was assayed.