口腔粘膜癌前病变和鳞癌组织细胞增殖和凋亡的原位观察

目的研究自口腔正常粘膜上皮向异常增生和鳞癌组织演变过程中细胞增殖和凋亡的变化,阐明口腔癌发病机制.方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法和原位末端标记法检测10例正常口腔粘膜上皮、48例异常增生上皮和42例鳞癌组织中增殖细胞数和凋亡数.结果异常增生上皮细胞增殖和凋亡数均明显高于正常组(P＜0.05),但随着增生程度的加重,伴随着细胞增殖能力逐级增强,细胞凋亡数无明显提高(P＞0.05).鳞癌组织中,随着组织学分级的增加,增殖数明显增多,凋亡数逐级减少.结论癌前病变中,细胞凋亡速度增加跟不上增殖速度,导致向鳞癌转变.癌细胞增殖不断加强,凋亡不断下降,两者共同作用的结果导致鳞癌的发展.     

口腔粘膜上皮异常增生和鳞癌组织中凋亡蛋白Bax的表达研究

目的 研究凋亡相关蛋白Ｂａｘ在口腔正常粘膜、上皮异常增生和鳞癌组织中表达及意义。方法 采用免疫组化方法检测１０例正常粘膜、１０例单纯性增生上皮、３２例异常增生上皮１９例高分化鳞癌、９例低分化鳞癌石蜡包理样本中Ｂａｘ的表达。结果 正常粘膜中见Ｂａｘ弱表达局限于角化层。上皮单纯增生时Ｂａｘ表达较正常组增强,轻度异常增生时反面较单纯增生下降,随异常增生程度加重,Ｂａｘ明显增加。癌变时Ｂａｘ表达较正常组增     

口腔粘膜疣状癌基膜的免疫组化和超微结构研究

目的 研究口腔粘膜疣状癌基膜Ⅳ型胶原与层粘连蛋白的表达、分布和超微结构改变。方法 采用免疫组化S－P法,分别检测16例疣状癌、10例鳞癌和9例中至重度不典型增生病例中Ⅳ型胶原与层粘连蛋白的表达,对表达结果作定量分析,并对3例疣状癌作电镜观察。结果 疣状癌基膜大多数较厚且保持完整（13／16）,电镜下观察基板在一些区域明显增厚。但炎症细胞较多的病例,基膜出现中断（3／16）。鳞癌和中至重度不典型增生基膜相对较薄,鳞癌基膜绝大多数不连续（9／10）,尤其在浸润的前沿或小条索状癌结构中,基膜基本中断或消失。中至重度不典型增生基膜大多数连续（6／9）。所有病例的癌巢周围间质中都可见炎症细胞浸润,疣状癌较鳞癌和中至重度不典型增生中浸润的淋巴细胞更为密集（P＜0．05）。在疣状癌中,上皮内炎症细胞浸润与其基膜完整呈正相关关系（P＜0．01）。结论 疣 状癌基膜较厚,较完整且结缔组织中有大量以淋巴细胞为主的炎症细胞浸润,可能与生物学行为有关。     

口腔粘膜下纤维化、白斑及鳞癌上皮细胞内皮素1表达的定量分析

目的 :探讨内皮素 (ET 1)在口腔癌变发病机制中的作用和意义。方法 :采用免疫组化染色SABC法和图象分析技术 ,对人口腔粘膜下纤维化 (OSF) 10例、白斑 (OLK) 9例、鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) 14例及正常口腔粘膜(NOR) 10例的上皮细胞ET 1表达进行定量分析。结果 :①ET 1在OSF、OLK、SCC组织中的表达增强 ,阳性颗粒主要位于上皮棘细胞、基底细胞的胞浆胞膜上。ET 1表达阳性率和含量显著高于正常对照 (P <0 .0 1)。②OLK、SCC上皮细胞ET 1含量呈显著增加趋势 (P <0 .0 5 )。③OSF上皮细胞ET 1含量显著高于OLK(P <0 .0 5 ) ,与SCC相比无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :ET 1含量在口腔癌前病变至癌变过程中可能存在一种量变关系 ,OSF中ET 1过量表达可能提示其上皮细胞的癌变潜能 ,ET 1与OSF、OLK、SCC的发生发展密切相关     

X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其与患者预后之间的关系。方法:运用免疫组化技术检测52例口腔鳞癌组织标本中XIAP蛋白的表达情况,评价其表达水平和患者各临床病理参数及患者预后之间的关系。结果:纳入研究的52例临床标本中XIAP阳性表达14例(27%)。XIAP表达水平与病理分级相关,并且和患者预后显著相关。结论:XIAP蛋白可能参与了口腔鳞癌的发生发展,并且与患者预后密切相关。     

口腔粘膜白斑和鳞癌组织凋亡相关蛋白Bcl—2和Bax的表达研究

目的：研究凋亡相关蛋白Ｂｃｌ－２,Ｂａｘ在口腔正常粘膜,上皮异常增生和鳞癌组织中的表达及意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法检测１０例正常口腔粘膜,１０例单纯性增生上皮,３０例异常增生上皮,３３例鳞癌石蜡包埋样本中Ｂｃｌ－２、Ｂａｘ的表达,结果：Ｂｃｌ－２在正常粘膜,单纯增生和异常增生白斑表达情况基本一致,显弱阳性表达且局限于基底层细胞、鳞癌组织中Ｂｃｌ－２表达明显高于正常组和白斑组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,     

口腔鳞癌基底膜表达的免疫组化和定量分析

对５７例口腔鳞癌组织标本进行了基底膜成份Ⅳ型胶原和层粘连蛋白的免疫组织化学研究，用计算机图象定量分析，以探讨口腔鳞癌基底膜表达与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果发现：①口腔鳞癌基底膜表达异常，出现不同程度的中断缺损，甚至完全消失；②定量分析表明口腔鳞癌基底膜缺损与肿瘤临床分期无关（Ｐ＞０．０５），而与肿瘤分化程度密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），随着肿瘤病理分级的增高，癌巢基底膜丧失逐渐增多。本研究结果表明，口腔鳞癌基底膜的表达程度，对评价肿瘤分化程度具有重要价值。     

口腔鳞癌中β-catenin和survivin的表达及相关性研究

目的：研究survivin蛋白和β-catenin在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其相互关系。方法：应用免疫组化SP法检测60例口腔鳞癌组织和20例正常口腔黏膜组织中survivin和β-catenin蛋白的表达。结果：20例正常口腔黏膜组织中β-catenin均正常表达,survivin均不表达。口腔鳞癌中β-catenin异常表达率为70%,survivin阳性表达率为66.7%。β-catenin和survivin表达与性别、年龄、鳞癌分化程度、临床分期、部位无关,而与淋巴节转移与否相关。β-catenin蛋白异常表达和survivin蛋白阳性表达呈正相关关系（r=0.231,p〈0.05）。结论：β-catenin和survivin在口腔鳞癌的发生发展中可能具有协同作用。     

口腔粘膜癌前病变,鳞癌的DNA倍体和AgNOR测定及其相关性的…

对１９例口腔粘膜癌前病变及鳞癌用流式细胞仪作ＤＮＡ定量测定，同时用Ｐｌｏｔｏｎ改良银染法作ＡｇＮＯＲ定量计数，结果显示：ＤＮＡ异位体检出率为鳞癌组〉异常增生组〉ＯＬＰ、ＬＫ组，鳞癌组与ＯＬＰ、ＬＫ组间差异有显著性；ＡｇＮＯＲ值鳞癌组〉异常增生组〉ＯＬＰ、ＬＫ组，各组间有显著性差异，ＤＮＡ倍体含量ＡｇＮＯＲ值间相关性显著，提示：ＤＮＡ含量测定与ＡｇＮＯＲ计数对鉴别口腔粘膜良、亚性病变有一定价值，二者     

Expression of cadherins and catenins in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma

The immunocytochemical expression of cadherins and catenins was examined during the process of oral carcinogenesis by comparing their expression in normal and dysplastic epithelium with primary and metastatic carcinomas. While control epithelium showed normal distribution for P and E cadherin and the catenins, in severe dysplasia P-cadherin was upregulated. In other cases and in carcinoma- in-situ adjacent to infiltrating carcinomas, membranous expression of the cadherins and catenins was reduced or lost. The changes in expression of E-cadherin and the catenins suggest that disruption of the E-cadherin/catenin complex is a late event associated with invasion. In primary carcinomas reduced membranous and cytoplasmic staining were observed for both cadherins and catenins. Abnormal localisation of E-cadherin occurred in the more superficial parts of the better differentiated carcinomas, suggesting abnormality to the E-cadherin complex(es). In contrast, membranous expression of cadherins and catenins was reduced or lost in the deep invasive margin of primary carcinomas and in most poorly differentiated carcinomas. For E-cadherin at least, this reduction appears associated with differentiation, invasion and possibly prognosis. Possible mechanisms involved for changes in expression of the cadherins and associated catenins and areas for further study are discussed.     

Evaluation of myofibroblasts in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma

Background:  Carcinogenesis is accompanied by a number of changes in the adjacent stroma including the appearance of myofibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the presence of myofibroblasts in normal mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia, and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods:  The study sample consisted of three groups, including 40 oral squamous cell carcinomas, 15 dysplasias, and 15 sections of normal oral epithelium. Vimentin, desmin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were used to identify myofibroblasts.
Results:  The percentage and intensity of alpha-smooth muscle actin were examined, and positive immunostaining was observed in the myofibroblasts of all squamous cell carcinomas; however these cells did not stain in the dysplasias or normal epithelium specimens. The presence of myofibroblasts was significantly higher in oral squamous cell carcinomas compared to both, dysplasias and normal mucosa cases ( P  < 0.001). A significant difference was not observed between the different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma ( P  = 0.2).
Conclusions:  These findings show the presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma of oral squamous cell carcinoma but not dysplasia and normal mucosa, suggesting further investigation to clarify the role of myofibroblasts in the carcinogenesis of this tumor.     

口腔白斑和鳞癌中p16基因甲基化的研究

目的　探讨p16基因甲基化在口腔黏膜白斑癌变中的作用。方法　采用甲基特异性PCR技术检测了 10例正常口腔黏膜、20例白斑上皮单纯增生、11例白斑上皮轻度异常增生、10例白斑上皮中度异常增生、9例白斑上皮重度异常增生、10例鳞癌Ⅰ级、12例鳞癌Ⅱ级、8例鳞癌Ⅲ级标本的p16基因甲基化情况。结果　上述各组的p16基因甲基化率分别为 0、5%、18%、10%、22%、50%、42%和 63%。p16基因甲基化率与口腔黏膜组织恶性度显著正相关,并与p16蛋白缺失表达率呈显著正相关关系(rp=0 777 , rs=0 960, P<0 001)。结论　p16基因甲基化状态可作为白斑癌变和口腔鳞癌诊断的分子生物学重要标志之一。     

Expression of p53 in oral mucosal hyperplasia, dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To assess p53 expression in a range of oral mucosal lesions and to relate the results to the clinical outcome in patients with dysplastic oral mucosal lesions and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival tissue was available for eight cases of normal oral mucosa, 50 cases of oral mucosal hyperplasia, 41 cases of oral mucosal dysplasia and 48 cases of OSCC. The monoclonal antibody DO-7, reactive to p53 protein, was applied to paraffin-embedded sections using microwave pretreatment and immu-nohistochemical techniques.
RESULTS: The results showed that normal oral mucosa did not express p53.Positive nuclear staining was found in 18/50 (36%) cases of hyperplasia, 35/41 (85%) cases of dysplasia and 45/48 (94%) cases of OSCC.None of the p53 negative dysplasias progressed, while 19% of p53 positive cases of dysplasia recurred following excision and 11% of the cases underwent neoplastic transformation. Five out of 10 (50%) cases of severe dysplasia which were p53 positive resolved.
CONCLUSION: The proportion of cases with positive p53 expression increased from hyperplasia to dysplasia to OSCC. These results may indicate an involvement of p53 in neoplastic transformation as well as in proliferative events although the presence or absence of p53 staining could not be used to predict the outcome of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions.     

iASPP在舌鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨iASPP在舌鳞癌组织中的表达及意义。方法临床收集16例舌鳞癌癌旁组织、71例舌鳞癌组织,通过免疫组化检测 iASPP的表达情况,并对其表达水平进行统计学分析。结果在舌癌旁组织中, iASPP少量位于棘层细胞胞浆中,呈淡黄色颗粒。在舌鳞癌组织中iASPP主要分布于上皮全层,其表达显著高于舌癌旁组织(P<0．05)。不同分化程度及是否淋巴结转移舌鳞癌患者中,iASPP的平均表达水平有显著性差异(P<0．05)。低分化者表达水平最高,高分化者表达水平最低,有淋巴结转移者表达水平高于无淋巴结转移者( P<0．05)。不同临床分期iASPP的表达无显著差异。结论 iASPP表达的改变可能与舌鳞癌的发生发展有关。     

Claudin-1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的:探讨Claudin-1在口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)中的表达水平、分布特征及其与临床病理因素之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测67例OSCC与10例癌旁口腔上皮中Claudin-1的表达信号。采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行计数资料χ2检验。结果:Claudin-1在口腔上皮中以强阳性表达为主。在高分化鳞癌中,阳性表达近似于口腔上皮,信号分布于细胞膜;在中、低分化鳞癌中,信号分布趋向细胞质,其表达水平呈递减趋势。Claudin-1在OSCC间质纤维增生区域阳性表达信号呈增强趋势;在OSCC淋巴细胞密集区表达水平升高。Claudin-1的表达与临床分期、组织分型、是否有淋巴结转移均有相关性(P<0.05)。临床分期中,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期癌组织Claudin-1阳性表达水平明显低于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期组;组织分型中,中、低分化组Claudin-1阳性表达水平显著低于高分化组;有颈淋巴结转移组,Claudin-1阳性表达水平显著低于无转移组(P<0.05)。结论:Claudin-1在OSCC不同临床分期及组织分型中均有不同程度表达,随着肿瘤分化程度降低,表达信号下调,且Claudin-1的表达水平与肿瘤细胞微环境相关。     

Shifts in cellular localization of moesin in normal oral epithelium, oral epithelial dysplasia, verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Moesin, a member of ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) family, links actin filaments of cell surface structure to the cell membrane. The purpose of the study is to assess the shifts in cellular distribution of moesin in normal oral epithelium, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), verrucous carcinoma (VC), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: The expression of moesin was evaluated immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tissues of 59 specimens of OSCC, 35 specimens of OED, 17 specimens of VC, and five specimens of normal oral epithelium. RESULTS: In the normal oral epithelia, all specimens showed a pattern of membranous expression against the anti-moesin antibody in the basal layer cells. In the OED specimens, moesin was dominantly expressed in the cell membrane except for the cornified layer. In VC and OSCC specimens, almost the whole of the carcinoma cells were stained with anti-moesin antibody. However, in OSCC samples, moesin was markedly expressed increasingly in the cytoplasm and decreasingly in the cell membrane, as compared with OED and VC. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the pattern of moesin expression and tumor differentiation in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that it is useful to detect the moesin expression as adjunct to screening mucosal lesions in the oral cavity.     

Dicer蛋白在口腔癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的通过研究Dicer蛋白表达水平与口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)临床病理特征的关系探讨其在OSCC发展过程中的作用。方法利用免疫组化法对76例OSCC、20例白斑、10例癌旁非肿瘤性口腔上皮(normal adjacent to the tumor,NAT)样本的Dicer酶表达进行评估研究。利用Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析系统计算平均光密度值(mean optical density,MOD),SPSS 14.0软件系统分析Dicer蛋白MOD、阳性细胞百分比(percentage of positive cells,PP)与临床病理参数的关系。结果 OSCC、白斑组织、NAT的Dicer蛋白MOD、PP依次递减,三者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Dicer过度表达与肿瘤分期呈正相关关系(P<0.01),与淋巴结转移存在正相关关系(P<0.05),与年龄、性别、分化程度无相关关系。结论 Dicer蛋白表达上调可能通过影响OSCC的生长以及淋巴转移而参与OSCC的发生发展。     

口腔鳞癌增殖细胞核抗原表达及其临床意义

目的：检测口腔鳞状细胞癌中增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达，探讨与鳞癌预后相关的因素。方法：采用免疫组化的方法，利用ＰＣＮＡ的单克隆抗体检测４４例口腔鳞癌组织中ＰＣＮＡ的表达。结果：低分化鳞癌较高分化鳞癌ＰＣＮＡ的表达明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）；晚期鳞癌中ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞百分率比早期鳞癌显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＰＣ－ＮＡ高表达者的淋巴结转移倾向大于ＰＣＮＡ低表达者。结论：ＰＣＮＡ标记可以作为判断鳞癌预后的参考指标。