甲氧明预防高龄股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术患者低血压的效果及其对血流动力学稳定性及心脏做功的影响

目的探究行髋关节置换术治疗的股骨颈骨折高龄患者使用甲氧明预防低血压的效果。方法随机数字表法将2019年6月至2021年3月郑州市骨科医院择期行髋关节置换术治疗的股骨颈骨折129例高龄患者分为两组,对照组64例麻醉诱导前15 min给予微量氯化钠注射液持续泵注30 min,甲氧明组65例麻醉诱导前15 min前予盐酸甲氧明注射液微量持续泵注,比较两组甲氧明补救注射率、低血压发生情况以及患者心脏做功、血流动力学稳定性水平及安全性。结果甲氧明组甲氧明补救注射率和低血压发生情況均少于对照组(P<0.05);两组T0~T3的收缩压(SBP)水平、T0~T1时心率(HR)、动脉压(MAP)水平和T0~T1、T3时的DBP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而T2~T3时甲氧明组HR水平低于对照组,MAP高于对照组,T2时的DBP也较对照组高(P<0.05),甲氧明组SVI和LVSW在术毕和麻醉诱导完成后水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论行髋关节置换术治疗的股骨颈骨折高龄患者麻醉诱导前予甲氧明微量泵注可有效维持患者血流动力学的稳定,调节心脏做功,有效减少患者低血压的发生。     

盐酸甲氧明对腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨盐酸甲氧明不同用药方式对麻醉后剖宫产术中血流动力学的影响. 方法:将90例择期剖宫产产妇随机分为3组,每组30例.Ⅰ组:腰麻药注入即时静注盐酸甲氧明2mg;Ⅱ组:静脉持续泵入盐酸甲氧明10ml/h,Ⅲ组:静注盐酸麻黄碱8mg.分别记录麻醉前、麻醉后第1、5、10、15、20、25、30 min时收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和心率(HR),及阿托品使用率、恶心、呕吐发生率.记录新生儿lmin及5min 时Apgar评分. 结果: 组内比较,SBP:Ⅰ组在15min、20min、25min时间点变化明显(P<0.05),Ⅱ组仅在1min时有明显变化(P<0.05);DBP:Ⅰ组在20min时差异明显(P<0.05);HR:Ⅰ组在1min、5min、10min、15min差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而Ⅲ组在5min、10min、15min的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,SBP:Ⅰ组在15min、20min测值明显低于与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05);三组间DBP在各个时间点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HR:Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组在1min、5min、10min、15min相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组相比在1min、5min、10min差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组新生儿1min 、5min Apgar评分及产妇的不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论:持续静脉泵注盐酸甲氧明能有效防治剖宫产术腰硬联合麻醉引起的血流动力学紊乱,对心率变化影响小,并发症少.     

预注甲氧明和阿托品对腰硬联合麻醉下产妇低血压的防治

目的 探讨甲氧明联合阿托品预注对腰硬联合麻醉下产妇低血压的防治作用及与单用甲氧明的比较.方法 90例产妇随机分为3组,分别在腰麻完成后静脉预注甲氧明3mg、阿托品0.2mg＋甲氧明2mg及生理盐水2ml.记录腰麻前（T0）、腰麻后5min（T1）、手术开始时（T2）、胎儿娩出后5min（T3）及手术结束时（T4）的SBP、DBP、HR.记录低血压、心动过缓、恶心呕吐发生情况.结果 与T0时比较,Ⅲ组T1～T3时SBP及DBP均明显降低（P＜0.05）;与T0时比较,Ⅰ组T1、T2时HR明显降低且明显慢于其他两组（P＜0.05）.与T0时比较,Ⅲ组T1～T3时SBP及DBP均明显降低（P＜0.05）;与T0时比较,Ⅰ组T1、T2时HR明显降低且明显慢于其他两组（P＜0.05）.结论 预注甲氧明3mg或甲氧明2mg与阿托品0.2mg联合应用均能有效防治腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产手术产妇低血压;但甲氧明与阿托品联合应用产妇的血流动力学更加平稳.     

甲氧明和麻黄碱对剖宫产腰-硬联合麻醉低血压防治效果的观察

目的探讨单纯预注麻黄碱及甲氧明和麻黄碱联合用药对择期剖宫产腰-硬联合麻醉后低血压的防治效果。方法将60例足月单胎妊娠拟行剖宫产产妇随机分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,每组30例。Ⅰ组静注麻黄碱10 mg。Ⅱ组静注麻黄碱5 mg和甲氧明1 mg。两组患者均为腰-硬联合麻醉,腰麻药注入、病人翻身平躺后即刻给入。记录麻醉前(T_0),麻醉后1 min(T_1)、5 min(T_2)、10 min(T_3)和手术结束(T_4)时HR、BP及两组新生儿脐动脉血气分析和1 min Apgar评分。记录两组患者低血压发生率,患者恶心、呕吐、心慌等不良反应发生情况。结果 T_1~T_3时Ⅱ组SBP、DBP高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T_0、T_4时两组SBP、DBP和HR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中Ⅱ组低血压、恶心、呕吐等不良反应明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);两组新生儿脐动脉血气分析及1分钟Apgar评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甲氧明和麻黄碱联合用药对产妇术中循环系统的稳定有很好的防治效果。     

盐酸甲氧明及多巴胺对老年患者全麻诱导期间血流动力学及心脏泵功能影响的对比研究

目的探究盐酸甲氧明及多巴胺对老年患者全麻诱导期间血流动力学及心脏泵功能的影响。方法选取于漯河市中医院实施气管插管下全身麻醉手术治疗的老年患者87例,按照数字随机法分为甲氧明组(A组)、多巴胺组(B组)和对照组,各29例。麻醉诱导前,分别给予持续泵注盐酸甲氧明、多巴胺、生理盐水,比较3组气管插管麻醉后20 min血流动力学与心脏泵功能变化情况。结果麻醉诱导后,A、B两组患者舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)、短轴缩短率(FS)、心室射血分数(EF)、减速时间(DT)均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论全麻诱导期间给予老年患者多巴胺及盐酸甲氧明,均可维持血流动力学稳定,有效防治低血压。但在降低心肌损伤率与心肌耗氧量方面,盐酸甲氧明优于多巴胺。     

预注甲氧明防治剖宫产产妇腰硬联合麻醉术中低血压临床观察

目的：探讨预注甲氧明对剖宫产产妇腰-硬联合麻醉（CSEA）下低血压的防治作用及最佳剂量。方法将80例产妇随机分为4组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在腰麻完成后,产妇转为平卧位时从静脉分别给予甲氧明1,2,3 mg,Ⅳ组给予生理盐水2 mL。记录腰麻前（T0）、预注甲氧明后5 min（T1）、10 min（T2）、15 min（T3）、30 min（T4）及手术结束时刻（T5）的血压（BP）、心率（HR）;记录产妇低血压、心动过缓的发生率及恶心呕吐发生情况。结果与T0时比较,Ⅰ、Ⅳ组T1-T4时收缩压（SBP）均明显降低（P〈0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组SBP无明显变化。 T1、T2时Ⅲ组HR较Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组显著减慢（P〈0.05）;Ⅰ、Ⅳ组低血压发生率、恶心呕吐发生率明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0.05）。结论甲氧明能有效预防CSEA下产妇低血压的发生,大剂量甲氧明可引起反射性一过性心动过缓,故以2 mg为适宜剂量。     

甲氧明联合阿托品预防老年患者全麻诱导期低血压的临床观察

目的:观察临床应用甲氧明联合阿托品在老年患者全麻诱导期血流动力学的变化。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者90例,随机分成3组,每组30例,Ⅰ组作为对照组常规诱导,其余两组分别在全麻诱导时稀释后静脉缓慢推注甲氧明2mg(Ⅱ组)和阿托品0.5mg+甲氧明2mg(Ⅲ组)。三组中当收缩压下降超过基础值的20%时追加麻黄素10mg。记录诱导前基础值和诱导后1min,3min,5min各组患者收缩压,舒张压,心率的值及麻黄素追加的例数。结果:与基础值比较,Ⅰ组收缩压,舒张压和心率有明显变化(P<0.05),麻黄素的追加次数明显超过Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组收缩压,舒张压无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),心率有明显变化(P<0.05);Ⅲ组收缩压,舒张压及心率均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:甲氧明能有效地降低低血压的发生,阿托品能够预防心率减慢,甲氧明与阿托品联合应用使老年患者全麻诱导期血流动力学更加稳定。     

预注不同剂量甲氧明在防治老年人股骨头置换术中低血压的临床研究

目的在老年股骨颈骨折患者股骨头置换术行硬脊联合麻醉前,肌注不同剂量的甲氧明。通过对比观察对血流动力学变化的影响,得到能够有效维持血流动力学稳定的一组剂量,为临床麻醉中低血压的防治提供依据。方法选择择期行老年股骨头置换手术患者90例,体重55~80kg,年龄65~80岁,ASA分级II~III,随机分成A、B、C三组,每组30例,将甲氧明于麻醉前5min(T-_0)肌肉注射。A组肌注1mg,B组肌注3mg,C组肌注5mg,如患者在给药后血压稳定,出现反射性的心率减慢50次/分,可给予阿托品0.25~0.5mg治疗;所有患者均采用硬脊联合麻醉;观察各组给药后10min(T_1)、扩髓注入骨水泥(T_2)、手术结束(T_3)后的MAP、HR、CO、SV血流动力学变化,收集数据进行统计学处理。结果麻醉前3组患者MAP、HR、CO、SV比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。A组与B组比较,A组患者在麻醉生效后T1-T3,MAP、CO、SV,均有不同程度的下降,HR因血压下降代偿性较B组升高,有统计学差异(P0.05);B组与C组比较,B组患者在麻醉生效后T1-T3,除HR外,MAP、CO、SV下降幅度较C组明显,B组在T2时MAP下降较C组低10mm Hg,C组T_2时MAP下降幅度与T_0相比无明显降低;A组与C组比较,A组患者麻醉生效后T_1-T_3,MAP、CO、SV下降较C组明显,HR增快较C组明显,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论在择期行老年患者股骨头置换手术中,麻醉前肌注甲氧明5mg,配合适当补液能有效地预防术中低血压的发生,维持患者血流动力学稳定。     

甲氧明联合麻黄碱甲氧明对老年胃癌全麻后低血压的预防作用研究

目的:探讨甲氧明联合麻黄碱甲氧明对老年胃癌全麻后低血压的预防作用研究.方法:选取择期行全麻下腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者70例,患者或家属签字同意,按简单随机法分组,对照组35例予以常规诱导,研究组35例全麻诱导阶段静脉注射麻黄碱6mg甲氧明1mg,记录两组患者给药前(T0)和给药后5min(T1)、15min(T2)、30min(T3)时不同时点的生命指标,同时记录麻醉中低血压等不良反应状况.结果:与T0比较,两组患者给药后不同时间点生命体征发生变化,研究组T1、T2、T3时收缩压和舒张压高于对照组,收缩压和舒张压心率低于对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者不同时间点血氧饱和度无变化,不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组低血压、心动过速发生率(5.71%、8.57%)低于对照组(22.86%、28.57%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组恶心呕吐、心悸发生率(8.57%、5.71%VS11.43%、14.29%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:采用麻黄碱联合甲氧明应用于老年胃癌全麻能提供稳定的血流动力学状态,低血压发生率低,效果显著.     

小剂量艾司洛尔预防颈丛阻滞后心血管副反应的临床评价

目的: 评价小剂量艾司洛尔预防颈丛阻滞后心血管副反应的临床效果。方法: 选择甲状腺手术40例,随机分观察组20例,对照组20例,均行"一针法"颈丛阻滞,监测收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)和血氧饱和度(SPO₂),记录麻醉前、麻醉后3 min、5 min、10 min的上述指标变化。观察组在麻醉后立即静脉注射(静注)小剂量艾司洛尔(0.5 mg/kg)。结果: 两组术前各指标差异无显著性(P>0.05),对照组麻醉前后的SBP、DBP、HR差异均有显著性(P<0.01);观察组中虽有不同程度的升高,但相对平稳,尤其HR、SBP组内比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05);两组麻醉后,HR和SBP 5 min和10 min各指标差异均有显著性(P<0.001)。结论: 小剂量艾司洛尔单次静注能有效预防颈丛阻滞后的心血管副反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Notes for contributors to Journal of Nanjing Medical University

Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.