假体隆乳术后严重包膜挛缩处理结合假体置入

目的探讨假体隆乳术后严重包膜挛缩的处理方法及乳房假体置入的适应征。方法 2006年6月至2014年3月,对45例假体隆乳术后严重包膜挛缩(双侧乳房均为Baker分类法Ⅳ级)进行治疗,并进行同期或二期乳房假体置入。手术均采用乳晕切口入路,并根据情况保留或去除包膜组织,在乳腺后间隙或胸大肌后间隙置入假体。结果 38例患者均一期置入乳房假体,7例于术后6个月行二期乳房假体置入。术后切口均一期愈合,39例获门诊随访,随访率86.7%,随访时间6~58个月(平均13.5个月)。1例术后4个月时仍出现包膜挛缩Ⅳ级,予以二期手术取出乳房假体,未再置入。其余患者乳房形态良好,触摸乳房手感较柔软。结论对于严重的假体隆乳术后包膜挛缩,对包膜进行有效处理,并根据情况置入假体,可以取得较好的术后乳房外观及手感。     

隆乳术后包膜挛缩处理方案探讨

目的:探讨直视下经乳晕切口对假体隆乳术后不同情况下包膜挛缩的有效处理方法。方法:2009年1月～2012年10月,对65例假体隆乳术后包膜挛缩进行治疗,均采用乳晕切口,视原假体植入腔隙及乳腺、胸大肌厚度等条件采取重新剥离腔隙、去除或不去除包膜组织甚至Ⅱ期手术的方法,术中严格止血。结果:本组65例术后均获得随访,随访时间8个月～42个月,平均随访时间15.2个月,术后包膜挛缩复发者2例,其余病例乳房外观均满意。结论:应用直视下乳晕切口对假体隆乳术后包膜挛缩进行个性化的有效处理,术后包膜挛缩复发率较低。     

假体隆乳术后Ⅲ、Ⅳ级包膜挛缩的综合处理

目的:探讨针对假体隆乳术后Ⅲ、Ⅳ级包膜挛缩的综合处理措施及其临床效果。方法:选择2014年5月至2017年5月本院收治的假体隆乳术后Ⅲ/Ⅳ级包膜挛缩68例(136侧),采用乳晕切口或下皱襞切口,包膜完整切除、部分切除或腔隙封闭,重新剥离腔隙,置换假体,组织覆盖困难者延期假体置入。观察术后伤口愈合情况、乳房外形、手感、乳头感觉、患者满意度及包膜挛缩复发及其分级。结果:68例求美者中,采取一期包膜处理及假体置换66例(占97.0%),采取一期包膜处理、二期假体置入2例(占2.9%);采用乳晕切口者60例(占88.2%),下皱襞切口者8例(占11.8%);术后7d伤口均甲级愈合;6个月随访率为97.0%;术后6个月发生包膜挛缩Ⅲ级2例、Ⅳ级1例(共占4.4%);求美者满意度95.6%。结论:乳晕或下皱襞切口是假体隆乳包膜挛缩综合处理的理想入路;原假体置入腔隙及乳腺、胸大肌厚度等覆盖组织情况是Ⅲ、Ⅳ级包膜挛缩综合处理策略的重要参考;正确处理挛缩包膜和假体置换是减少包膜挛缩复发和提高患者满意度的关键。     

经乳晕切口治疗假体置入隆乳后包膜挛缩的经验

我科自1990年以来共收治19例假体置入隆乳术后 Baker Ⅲ、Ⅳ级纤维包膜挛缩者,采用局麻下乳晕切口部分切除挛缩包膜及重新置入假体法。术后乳房外观及手感良好,12例经6个月至两年半随访,纤维包膜收缩均限于 Baker Ⅰ级。我们就如何选择手术切口、切除挛缩包膜及预防包膜挛缩的发生进行了探讨。     

经乳晕切口治疗假体置入隆乳后包膜挛缩的经验

我科自１９９０年以来共收治１９例假体置入隆乳术后ＢａｋｅｒⅢ、Ⅳ级纤维包膜挛缩者，采用局麻下乳晕切口部分切除挛缩包膜及重新置入假体法。术后乳房外观及手感良好，１２例经６个月至两年半随访，纤维包膜收缩均限于ＢａｋｅｒⅠ级。我们就如何选择手术切口、切除挛缩包膜及预防包膜挛缩的发生进行了探讨。     

经乳晕切口治疗假体置入隆乳后包膜挛缩的经验

我科自１９９０年以来共收治１９例假体置入隆乳术后Ｂａｋｅｒ Ⅲ、Ⅳ级纤维包膜挛缩者，采用局麻下乳晕切口部分切除挛缩包膜及重新置入假体法，术后乳房外观及手感良好，１２例经６个月至两年半随访、纤维包膜收缩均限于ＢａｋｅｒⅠ级。我们就如何选择手术切口、切除挛缩包膜及预防包膜挛缩的发生进行了探讨。     

内窥镜辅助隆乳术

目的 养活常规隆乳术盲视下操作分离假体置入腔隙而赞成的创伤,提高隆乳术效果,探讨内镜在隆乳术中的应用。方法 自1996年5月起在内窥镜辅助下行胸大肌下置入腔隙的分离,止血及肌肉,筋膜的剥离,切割,17例置入假体34个,其中经腋切口7例,乳晕旁切口9例,乳房下皱臂切口1例。结果 应用内间辅助进行隆乳术可以减少组织损伤,经乳晕旁切口可以更直接和准确地分离和切割胸大肌内下份起点,腹直肌前鞘和腹外斜肌筋膜,形成分离彻底的置入腔隙和良好的乳房下皱襞形态,防止乳房假体上移及位置不正,术后无出血,感染等并发症,10例术后经随访3－12月,均无包膜挛缩,外形及手感良好,结论 内窥镜 乳术对置入腔分离,止血彻底,可减少血肿,感染等并发症,降低包膜挛缩的发生率,有助于获得良好的手术效果。     

微小组合假体隆乳术的初步报告

目的通过使用微小组合假体隆乳术，观察是否可较好地解决减小切口长度，减少包膜挛缩的发生率及硅胶渗漏．使隆乳术后的双侧乳房大小更加理想。方法切口可位于乳晕外缘周、乳房下皱褶或腋窝。在胸大肌后剥离腔穴，然后将10ml微小硅凝胶假体逐一置入，堆积塑形。结果已行5例10侧隆乳术，术后随访最长6年，最短3个月，无论外形手感，医生与隆乳者双方均感满意。结论微小组合假体隆乳术较传统单一大假体隆乳术有切口小、容易获得理想的乳房体积、便于双侧调节对称、外观自然、假体渗漏相对较少、包膜挛缩率低等优点。该法适用于隆乳术或乳房再造，尤其适用于乳房部分缺损的修复。     

经乳晕不同层次假体置入矫正乳房不对称初步探讨

目的 针对各种原因的女性乳房不对称,采用不同大小和形状的假体分别置入两侧乳房不同组织层次的假体腔隙层面,以矫正乳房不对称.方法 采取乳晕下缘弧形切口,经乳腺下缘横行切开入路,按需要分离乳腺后各种不同组织层次的假体腔隙,置入术前选定的合适假体,调整两侧乳房大小、形态及手感达到对称一致.结果 术后均无感染和血肿发生,术后6个月内包膜挛缩发生率7%,均经及时、有效的按摩而消失.随访2～10年,两侧乳房基本对称,外形自然逼真,效果满意.结论 通过术前针对不同患者采取的个体化设计,经乳晕切口选择不同层次置入假体,可有效的解决假体隆乳术后不对称.     

胸肌筋膜后假体置入在矫正乳房下垂中的应用

目的 探讨胸肌筋膜后间隙假体置入纠正轻中度乳房下垂的可行性.方法 本组患者共10例,分别经乳晕切口(2例)、乳晕周围双环切口(2例)、腋下切口(6例),将硅凝胶乳房假体置于胸肌筋膜后间隙,即胸肌筋膜和胸大肌之间.结果 所有患者术后获随访3～18个月(平均6.5个月),除1例患者双侧乳房轻度不对称外,余者乳房外形良好,无包膜挛缩、血肿等并发症发生.结论 该方法将乳腺后间隙假体隆乳术及胸大肌后间隙假体隆乳术的优点相结合,具有并发症较低和乳房外形良好等优点,是矫正乳房下垂的一种较好方法.     

Intubation with propofol augmented with intravenous lignocaine

Sixty patients of ASA grade 1 and aged 18 to 55 years were admitted to a double-blind study. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg after intravenous pretreatment with lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg or a similar volume of isotonic saline. The quality of subsequent tracheal intubation was graded and the pressor response to tracheal intubation assessed. There were no significant differences between treatment groups.     

510例腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管切开取石术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆总管结石的可行性及临床应用价值。方法1998年～2007年对510例患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石(laparoscopic common duct exploration,LCDE),与同期300例开腹(opensurgery,OS)手术者比较。术前确诊者,术中直接行胆总管切开胆道镜取石;术前有黄疸史、胰腺炎史和(或)直接胆红素增高、胆系酶(AKP、GGT)增高者,或胆总管在0.8cm以上者行术中造影,明确有胆总管结石的切开胆总管胆道镜取石。405例置T管引流(留置T管组),105例行胆总管Ⅰ期缝合(I期缝合组)。结果手术均获成功,与OS组比较,手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率(胆瘘、出血)差异无统计学意义;住院日、术后镇痛药使用次数、腹腔或切口感染率、残石率明显减少。无中转开腹。30例T管引流口靠近肋弓而引起术后疼痛,2例术后2dT管才引流出胆汁。留置T管组有24例胆总管残余结石,3月后经胆道镜取石成功。留置T管组手术时间平均(110±15)min,平均术后住院8d;Ⅰ期缝合组手术时间(95±8)min,平均术后住院5d。结论LCDE是治疗胆总管结石安全、有效的方法,同样可起到创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、住院时间缩短等微创效果,如能在取净结石的情况下行胆总管Ⅰ期缝合,微创效果尤为明显。     

Clinical outcomes in patients with renal artery stenosis treated with stent placement with embolic protection compared with those treated with stent alone

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and renal artery stenosis (RAS) following renal artery (RA) stent placement with and without embolic protection device (EPD) usage. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients who had RA stent placement with EPD were matched to control patients (RA stent only). Blood pressure, number of hypertensive medications, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 3 months before the procedure and after 12 months were determined. An increase of ≥ 20% in eGFR at 12 months from baseline was defined as "improvement," decrease of ≥20% as "deterioration," and an eGFR change between those values as "stabilization" at 12 months. Results: At 12 months, stage 4 patients treated with EPD had significantly higher eGFR than controls (P = .01). There was no statistical difference in blood pressure outcomes between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Patients with stage 4 CRI did significantly better with EPD than those treated without it.     

腹腔镜与胆道镜联合取石术治疗肝内胆管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的临床价值。方法:随机将80例肝内胆管结石患者分为2组,实验组(n=45)行腹腔镜联合胆道镜取石术,对照组(n=35)行单纯腹腔镜手术。结果:实验组45例手术均获成功,手术时间110～118 min,平均(160±15)min;术中出血量45～280 ml,平均(140±60)ml;住院6～8天,平均(7±2)天;42例结石完全取净,结石清除率93.3%,术后无一例发生胆漏、出血、脓肿等并发症。对照组手术时间130～220 min,平均(150±30)min;术中出血量80～350 ml,平均(180±75)ml;住院8～12天,平均(9±1)天;32例结石完全取净,结石清除率91.4%,术后2例发生胆漏。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结石完全取净率及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访所有患者3～6个月,经胆道镜复查无一例复发。结论:腹腔镜术中联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石安全有效,值得推广应用。     

Variables associated with survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer with and without surgery

We recorded the survival of 141 patients assessed for radical cystectomy, which included cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The median Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were: 1540 days for the whole cohort; 2200 days after cystectomy scheduled (n = 108); and 843 days without surgery. The mortality hazard remained double that expected for a matched general population, but survival was better in patients scheduled for surgery than those who were not: the mortality hazard ratio (95%CI) after cystectomy was 0.43 (0.26–0.73) the mortality hazard without surgery, p = 0.001. The mortality hazard ratios for the three-variable Bayesian Model Averaging survival model for all 141 patients were: referral for surgery (0.5); haemoglobin concentration (0.98); and efficiency of carbon dioxide output (1.05). Efficiency of carbon dioxide output was the single variable in the postoperative model (n = 108), mortality hazard 1.08 (per unit increase). The ratio of observed to expected peak oxygen consumption associated best with mortality in 33 patients not referred for surgery, hazard ratio 0.001. Our results can inform consultations with patients with invasive bladder cancer and suggest that interventions to increase fitness and haemoglobin may improve survival in patients who do and who do not undergo radical cystectomy.