Problem od mental image in aviation psychology]

This paper discusses theoretical aspects of aviation psychophysiology, specifically the problem of image control of objective actions of a pilot. The general concept representing a system of psychic control of pilot's actions is an image of the flight. Its structural components include: an image of spatial position, an image of an instrumental panel, and the feeling of an aircraft. It is shown that these three information-cognitive components are insufficient to use the flight image for controlling objective actions. It is important to supplement it with object-activity components. Using the flight image concept and experimental observations, a model of controlling objective actions of a pilot is discussed. Components of the model form a closed self-regulating system with direct and feedback control loops. It is underlined that the knowledge of functional patterns of mental images of a pilot is required not only to explain his actions at work but also to solve problems of designing his professional activities and to develop means and methods of his training.     

目前我国航空心理学研究的五个具体问题

论述目前我国航空心理学研究中的五个问题：（1）我军飞行人员心理选拔；（2）飞行能力和空间定向；（3）应激对飞行工作的影响及其应付方法；（4）军事飞行员心身疾病；（5）飞行员临时停飞和心理学评估研究。建议在航空心理学的科学研究中，将心理学与医学及其它学科相结合进行研究。     

Hepatitis in aviation personnel

BACKGROUND: This study examines the specific etiologies and aeromedical outcomes of naval aviation personnel with hepatitis. METHODS: We searched the Biomedical Database of the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute for waiver requests for hepatitis. We reviewed the records for specific etiologies, possible risk factors, and the aeromedical outcomes of aviators who received waivers for chronic hepatitis. RESULTS: We examined 48 initial and 95 follow-up waiver requests for hepatitis for naval aviation personnel from July 1988 to May 2001. Initial waiver requests were for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in 23 (47.9%), chronic hepatitis B in 17 (35.4%), and other etiologies in 8 (16.7%). Asian Americans, who comprise 2% of the aviator population in the Biomedical Database, accounted for a disproportionate number of waiver requests for hepatitis: 7 (14.6%) of the total and 6 (35.3%) of the aviators with HBV. Of the 48 aviators with hepatitis, waivers were granted in 32 (66.7%) cases, all of whom were asymptomatic. Waivers were denied to 16 (33.3%) aviators. One aviator with Hodgkin's disease in remission and one aviator with chronic HCV who became asymptomatic after treatment with interferon later received waivers for a total of 34 (70.8%) waivers. Two waivers were later revoked because of symptomatic HCV requiring interferon in one and incomplete physical exam in another. CONCLUSIONS: Aviation personnel who receive waivers for asymptomatic hepatitis occasionally present with symptomatic hepatitis, but most waiver recipients remain asymptomatic during their aviation careers.     

我国航空医学研究的主要进展

概述了1993年7月-1994年10月间我国航空医学的主要研究成果。分别从过载（＋Gz）防护、高空生理学、航空临床医学、航空心理学与工效学、高速气流吹袭的生理耐限、航空卫生勤务等6个主要方面对具有一定的代表性和影响的研究加以重点介绍。