交通警察外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析

交通警察工作中受人－车－环境系统的相互影响,接触很多危害因素,如交通噪声、车辆尾气中ＣＯ、Ｐｂ、ＮＯｘ、ＢａＰ等。本文应用常规培养法对河南省鹤壁市部分交警外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变进行了分析。１　材料与方法研究对象为４５名河南省鹤壁市交通警察,平均年龄３６．５１±１１．４０（２３～５９）岁,从事交警工龄１～３４年,平均（１１．０９±７．９３）年。对照组为３０名鹤壁市公安局办公室工作人员,平均年龄３７．３１±８．９５（２５～５８）岁,平均工龄１０．７３±６．５９（３～３５）年。研究对象均为男性,在半…     

健康成人血清唾液酸含量及其相关因素的研究

测定年龄１７～７２岁（平均３４．７±１０．５）的５４２５名不同职业成人血清总唾液酸（Ｔｏｔｏｌｓｉａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ，ＴＳＡ）水平，平均含量为１．７４±０．３１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，９５％可信区间１．７３～１．７５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，同时发现ＴＳＡ含量与性别无关，但与年龄、从事交通警察职业、吸烟及饮酒有关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；多因素线性回归分析结果显示：（１）ＴＳＡ含量与年龄和从事交通警察职业有关；（２）男性和男性工人，ＴＳＡ含量除与年龄有关外．仍可见吸烟者有比不吸烟者增高的倾向，但不显著。而男性交警，ＴＳＡ含量均与年龄和日吸烟量有关，随两者的增加而增加．     

重庆市交通警察体力劳动强度分级调查

重庆市交通警察体力劳动强度分级调查王润华，王勋，廖德全，张志维（重庆医科大学重庆市公安局交警支队）：调查重庆市１０８９名交通警察的体力劳动强度分级情况。结果显示，交通警察劳动时间率高于国内其他作业工种，能量代谢率低于国内其他作业工种，约８５％的交通警...     

接触中短波电磁场对作业人员心电图的影响

本文对１３８例中短波电磁场作业人员心电图进行分析，并与７２例对照组进行比较。结果表明，在电磁场平均强度接近卫生标准下工作，作业组心电图总异常率（４７．１０％）明显主于对照组（２３．６１％），Ｐ〈０．０１），前者窦性心律失常（３６．９６％）明显高于后者（１２．５０％）。笔者认为即使在强度低于高频辐射卫生标准下工作，仍应加强作业环境防护措施。     

河北省献血员HCV感染状况调查及筛查效果分析

６个献血村献浆血员抗－ＨＣＶ平均阳性率为 ４５．８２％（２０３／４４３），献全血血员为２．９７％（３１／１０４５）；３个省市级血站和 ４个县医院献浆血员抗－ＨＣＶ平均阳性率为 １７． ４５％（１８６／１０６６），献全血血员为１．１７％（１０／８５６），义务献血员为０．４９％（６／１２２３），抗－ＨＣＶ筛除率为２３．１％～９０．９％，平均７８．４％（１０９／１３９），抗－ＨＣＶ年阳转率７．２３％（６８／９４０）。本文结果表明，无论是开展抗－ＨＣＶ筛查前还是现在，献血（浆）交叉污染造成的ＨＣＶ感染都很严重，故应继续加强采供血管理和抗－ＨＣＶ筛查，大力提倡义务献血制度。     

西藏日喀则地区弓形体病血清流行病学调查

本文报告了于１９９２年４月至８月，在西藏日喀则地区进行的弓形体病血清流行病学调查。结果表明，５个调查点平均感染率为５．２９％，其中以亚东镇感染率稍高，为６．７０％。在人群中，又以男性（５．６８％）、４０岁以上（１１．４７％）的藏族（６．４３％）感染率较高。     

324例医务人员乙型肝炎病毒感染情况分析

为了解医院医务人员乙型肝炎病毒感染情况，采用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测方法，对某医院３２４名医务工作人员进行了乙型肝炎病毒感染血清学调查。结果表明，（１）全院医务工作人员总的乙型肝炎病毒感染率为３２．６％，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率为５．８％；（２）ＨＢｓＡｂ阳性率为２２．３％；（３）外科组乙肝病毒感染率为４４．６％，显著高于内科组（２３．３％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）和非临床组（２９．１％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（４）从事医务工作１５年工龄以上的ＨＢＶ感染率为４１．１％，１５年之内ＨＢＶ感染率为２６．６％，二组间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示对于长期从事医务工作，特别是从事外科工作的医务人员需要实施疫苗接种等进一步的保护措施     

部队士兵人体成分的测定与分析

应用生物电阻抗（ＢＩＡ）法测定了３１４名部队士兵的人体成分，年龄２０．３±１．５岁，身高１７１．２±５．７ｃｍ，体重６１．８±６．９ｋｇ，体质指数（ＢＭＩ）２１．１±２．１，瘦体重（Ｌ）５５．２±５．８ｋｇ，Ｌ占体重８９．６±７．１％，脂肪重（Ｆ）６．６±４．９ｋｇ，占体重１０．４±７．１％；ＢＩＡ、理想体重和ＢＭＩ三种方法对肥胖的检出率分别为８．３％，３６．２％和６．７％，ＢＩＡ法与理想体重法有非常显著差异，ＢＩＡ法与ＢＭＩ法差异不明显，但两者一致性较差；年龄、体重、生物电阻抗、ＢＭＩ、Ｆ与Ｆ％相关非常显著。结果提示：（１）部队士兵随年龄的增高，Ｆ有增多趋势；（２）受试人群营养状况良好，锻炼强度适宜；（３）理想体重法与ＢＭＩ法判断肥胖，不适用于全训部队士兵     

非意愿妊娠与非计划妊娠发生率研究

为了探讨大城市非意愿／非计划妊娠发生情况，采用以医院为基础的描述性流行病学方法，于１９９６年８月至１９９６年９月，在北京市５所大医院产前检查门诊共调查了１０１８名孕妇。结果表明，９８．４％（１００２名）孕妇从未生育过。平均结婚年龄为２４．９岁，平均结婚年限为２．４年。曾经使用过某种避孕方法者占８３．０％（８３２名）。以前有过非意愿妊娠（人工流产史）的占４６．２％（４７０名），其中，有过２次人流史者占２０．０％，有过３次及以上者占６．２％。当发现本次妊娠时，３９．６％（４０３名）孕妇并没有打算马上怀孕。２７．４％（２７９名）的孕妇但愿此次妊娠较晚些时侯发生。本次妊娠是避孕失败造成的占１４．６％（１４９名），其中，６０．４％（９０名）妇女事后能很快清楚地意识到自己避孕失败。最常见的失败类型是安全期失败占４１．６％，其次是避孕套失败占１９．５％（２９名）。说明即使在目前参加产前保健孕妇中，有近一半人有过非意愿妊娠，有近２／５的人并没有打算马上怀孕，这说明未生育人群中有较高的非意愿妊娠与非计划妊娠发生率。因此，如何有效地预防非意愿／非计划妊娠是进一步推行晚育，促进城市计划生育工作更加深入开展的重要一环。     

2247例淋巴结核穿剌细胞学分型诊断标准

本文收集我院门诊、住院以及外院会诊淋巴腺肿大８６１９例，其中有２２４７例占２６。１％病人诊断结核性淋巴腺炎，男１３０４例，占５８．１％，女９４３例，占４１．９％，年龄１－７４岁，平均２４．３岁。结果表明：炎性增殖反应期（Ⅰ）１４１例占６．３％；淋巴结期（Ⅱ）２６２例占１１．６％；结核性结节期（Ⅲ）有１２１４例，占５４．０％；干酷样坏死期（Ⅳ）有５６３例占２５．１％；纤维素增殖期（Ⅴ）６９例占３．０     

某市交通警察健康状况调查

目的 了解某市交通警察的健康状况,分析影响交通警察健康的因素.方法 采用现况调查方法调查某市在职交通警察的健康状况,分析交通警察健康的影响因素.结果 某市在职交通警察共4486人,严格外勤交通警察1604人,占35.76%,平均参加外勤工作(12.0±7.9)年,平均每天站立时间(7.0±1.7)h.外勤交通警察鼻咽炎、骨关节病、光敏性皮炎、中暑和冻疮、噪声聋的发病高于内勤交通警察,外勤工作20～25年的交通警察眼病高发,每天站立时间＞4 h的交通警察下肢静脉曲张高发.外勤交通警察中8种疾病发病时平均外勤工作时间为7～8年.结论 该市外勤交通警察工作压力较大,汽车尾气污染以及高温、严寒、强光照射等理化因素导致外勤交通警察8种疾病高发,外勤工作7～8年是多种疾病的高发时段.     

太原市交通警察生殖系统铅负荷初探

本研究以２３名外勤交警队员作接触组，分析精液，血铅水平，同时调查市内交通铅污染现状。结果显示，交通警察长期低浓度铅接触，生殖系统铅负荷明显增加（Ｐ＜０．００１），提示关方面应注意铅对交通警察生殖系统的影响。     

唐山市交通废气污染与交通警察血脂水平关系的研究

目的探讨城市交通废气污染对交通警察血脂水平的影响。方法选择唐山市交通警察中169名外勤交警为暴露组,112名内勤交警为对照组。应用化学法测定血脂;用一氧化碳微型检测仪测定调查对象呼出气中一氧化碳（CO）浓度及血碳氧血红蛋白饱和度（HbCO％）。结果内、外勤交警血胆固醇均值分别为4．90mmol／L和5．43mmol／L,两组间差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;外勤交警血甘油三酯（2．57mmol／L）高于内勤交警（2．42mmol／L）,但差异无显著性。两组中血HbCO％高的人群,其血脂均高于HbCO％低的人群。在HbCO％〉1％的交背中,外勤交警的血胆固醇（5．48mmol／L）明显高于内勤交警（4．96mmol／L）,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论交通废气污染能引起外勤交通警察的血脂水平增高;交通环境中的CO是影响外勤交通警察血脂水平的一个重要因素。     

Pulmonary nodules in workers exposed to urban stressor

By multilayer spiral low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) of the chest this study assesses the early detection of lung lesions on a sample of 100 traffic policemen of a big Italian city professionally exposed to urban pollutants and 100 controls non-occupationally exposed to urban pollutants matched by sex, age, length of service and cigarette smoking habit. Exposure to urban pollutants in traffic policemen was characterized using the annual average concentrations of PM₁₀, NO₂ and benzene in the period 1998-2008 measured by fixed monitoring stations located in different areas of the city. A significant and increasing number of suspicious lung nodules with diameters between 5 and 10 mm was observed: in traffic policemen (including smokers and non-smokers) vs. controls (including smokers and non-smokers); in total smokers (including traffic policemen and controls) vs. total non-smokers (traffic policemen and controls); in smoker traffic policemen vs. smoker controls and vs. non-smoker traffic policemen; in non-smoker traffic policemen vs. non-smoker controls. The RR of finding cases with at least one lung nodule with diameters between 5 and 10 mm in traffic policemen (including smokers and non-smokers) compared to controls (including smokers and non-smokers) is 1.94 (CI 1.13-3.31); in total smokers vs. non-smokers the RR is 1.96 (CI 1.20-3.19). The comparison between the interaction exposure and smoking shows an increase in smoker traffic policemen than in smoker controls (RR=2.14; CI 1.02-4.52). The RR for smoker traffic policemen was higher than in non-smoker traffic policemen (RR=2.09; CI 1.19-3.66). The results of our study show that: (1) while smoker workers have a higher risk for developing solid suspicious lung nodules, the simple routinely exposure to urban pollutants is unable to produce the same kind of increased risk; (2) the interaction of smoking and exposure to urban pollutants greatly increases the risk for the development of solid suspicious lung nodules. In conclusion, the use of chest LD-CT in workers at risk helps identify suspicious solid lung nodules at early stage.     

Environmental and biological monitoring of arsenic in outdoor workers exposed to urban air pollutants

The aim of this study is to evaluate personal exposure to As in urban air in two groups of outdoor workers (traffic policemen and police drivers) of a big Italian city through: (a) environmental monitoring of As obtained by personal samples and (b) biological monitoring of total urinary As. The possible influence of smoking habit on urinary As was evaluated. We studied 122 male subjects, all Municipal Police employees: 84 traffic policemen and 38 police drivers exposed to urban pollutants. Personal exposure to As in air was significantly higher in traffic policemen than in police drivers (p=0.03). Mean age, length of service, alcohol drinking habit, number of cigarettes smoked/day and BMI were comparable between the groups of subjects studied. All subjects were working in the same urban area where they had lived for at least 5 yrs. Dietary habits and consumption of water from the water supply and/or mineral water were similar in traffic policemen and in police drivers. The values of total urinary As were significantly higher in traffic policemen (smokers and non smokers) than in police drivers (smokers and non smokers) (p=0.02). In the subgroup of non-smokers the values of total urinary As were significantly higher in traffic policemen than in police drivers (p=0.03). In traffic policemen and in police drivers total urinary As values were significantly correlated to the values of As in air (respectively r=0.9 and r=0.8, p<0.001). This is the first research in literature studying the exposure to As in outdoor workers occupationally exposed to urban pollutants, such as traffic policemen and police drivers. Personal exposure to As in the air, as well as the urinary excretion of As, is significantly higher in traffic policemen compared to drivers. These results can provide information about exposure to As in streets and in car for other categories of outdoor workers similarly exposed.     

Absorption of lead in Tehran traffic policemen

In this study 228 traffic policemen and 68 policemen engaged in office duties were studied for lead absorption. The average value of blood lead of traffic policemen (29.52 +/- 7.78 micrograms/100 mL) in the city of Tehran was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than for the policemen in office duties (21.74 +/- 5.63 micrograms/100 mL). No correlation between blood lead level and age and/or length of occupation was found. The most reasonable explanation for the findings of this study is that lead emission from motor vehicles is causing this effect.     

Exposure to urban pollutants and serum levels of IgG anti Herpes Simplex virus type 1

The aim of the study is to investigate whether traffic policemen exposed to urban pollutants and psycho-social stressors may be at risk of modifications in serum levels of immunoglobulins G antibodies (IgG Ab) against Herpes Simplex Virus (type1) (HSV-1) compared with controls. Traffic policemen were matched by sex, age, working life and drinking habits (less than two glasses of wine or beer per day) with controls, after excluding the subjects with the principal confounding factors (smoking habit, use of paints, solvents, pesticides and drinking habits). Were included in the study 125 traffic policemen (54 men and 71 women) with outdoor activity and 125 controls (54 men and 71 women) with indoor activity. Mean levels of IgG Ab against HSV-1 were significantly higher in traffic policemen of both sexes compared with controls. The frequency of workers with IgG Ab against HSV-1 levels higher than our normal laboratory values, was significant in traffic policemen compared with controls of both sexes. The distributions of IgG Ab against HSV-1 levels in traffic policemen compared with controls of both sexes were significant. The authors hypothesise an effect of the working activity in traffic policemen on serum levels of IgG Ab against HSV-1 compared to controls.     

Plasma concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone in traffic policemen

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether traffic policemen exposed to urban pollutants and possible psycho-social stressors could be at risk of changes on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH(P)] levels compared to a control group. Traffic policemen were matched by sex, age, length of service and drinking habit (<50 g of wine or beer per day) with a control group after excluding principal confounding factors; 62 traffic policemen with outdoor activity (34 men and 28 women) and 62 control subjects with indoor activity (34 men and 28 women) were included in the study. The levels of ACTH(P) were significantly higher in male and female traffic policemen than in the control subjects (respectively P=0.040, P=0.043). The authors hypothesise that occupational exposure to chemical and physical stressors, that may interact with possible psycho-social stressors, could cause a change in ACTH(P) levels in traffic policemen.     

合肥市交通警察血液流变学初探

为探讨职业性危害因素对交通警察心血管系统的影响，选用血液流变学的４项指标对２５０例外勤警、８１例内勤警进行了检测，结果表明：外勤警的血浆粘度、血沉、血球压积和血浆纤维蛋白原含量均比内勤警组高，且随警龄的延长而增加。吸烟对血液流变学指标有一定影响。     

Professional exposure to urban stressors and effects on urinary metanephrines

The aim of the study is to assess whether occupational exposure to urban stressors could cause alterations in urinary metanephrines levels in traffic policemen vs administrative staff of municipal police. A total of 258 subjects were included in the study: 129 traffic policemen exposed to urban stressors (68 males and 61 females) and 129 controls (68 males and 61 females). Urinary metanephrines mean levels were significantly higher in male traffic policemen compared to controls (p < 0.01). No significant differences were in female traffic policemen compared to controls. In the control group, urinary metanephrines mean levels were significantly higher in females compared to males (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in urinary metanephrines mean levels in female traffic policemen vs male traffic policemen. The increase in urinary metanephrines mean levels observed in male exposed compared to controls could be related to chronic occupational exposure to low doses of chemical, physical and psychosocial urban stressors.