超声诊断多发性大动脉炎外周动脉病变的价值

目的 探讨超声诊断多发性大动脉炎外周动脉血管病变的价值。方法 采用Aeuson 128 XP 10型彩色超声诊断仪，探头频率5．0～7．5MHz，对33例多发性大动脉炎患者外周血管进行二维超声及彩色多普勒超声检查，分析病变动脉的二维及彩色多普勒声像图指标。结果 33例大动脉炎患者受累血管分布为：颈总动脉21例，锁骨下动脉14例，腹主动脉5例，肾动脉11例，股动脉1例，髂外动脉1例。病变血管壁厚度2．0～5．2mm。管腔不同程度狭窄或闭塞并出现盗血现象。结论 超声检查可全面显示多发性大动脉炎形态学改变，并可了解其血流动力学改变，是诊断大动脉炎的有力手段，可作为临床诊断多发性大动脉炎的常规方法。     

多发性大动脉炎外周血管的超声诊断

目的 探讨多发性大动脉炎外周血管病变的超声表现。方法 采用美国GE公司生产的VIVID3彩色多普勒超声诊断仪。探头频率7.5MHz，对10例多发性大动脉炎患行二维及多普勒超声检查。结果 大动脉炎患受累血管分布为头臂动脉9例，其中锁骨下动脉9例，颈总动脉8例；腹主动脉5例，肾动脉3例，肺动脉1例，病变血管壁厚度2．0～5.0mm，管腔不同程度狭窄、闭塞及出现盗血现象。结论 超声诊断可较全面显示多发性大动脉炎形态学改变并可了解其血流动力学改变，应作为临床诊断多发性大动脉炎常规方法。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断大动脉炎外周血管病变的价值

目的 探讨大动脉炎外周血管病变的彩色多普勒超声表现。方法 采用美国惠普公司生产的8500彩色多普勒超声检测仪,探头频率7．5MHz,对50例大动脉炎患者外周血管进行二维超声、彩色及脉冲多普勒超声检测。结果 大动脉炎侵及血管分布：头臂动脉为主38例,其中锁骨下动脉6例;主肾动脉12例,合并血栓形成3例。表现为病变动脉血管管壁增厚,管腔狭窄、闭塞,出现盗血。结论 彩色多普勒超声诊断大动脉炎有确切的价值,应作为临床诊断大动脉炎的首选方法。     

多发性大动脉炎的超声声像图特征

目的 探讨多发性大动脉炎血管病变的超声表现。方法 使用Sonos 5500超声诊断仪，探头频率5～10MHz，对8例多发性大动脉炎患行二维及多普勒超声检查。结果 大动脉炎患受累血管分布为头臂动脉7例，其中颌骨下动脉7例，颈总动脉6例，腹主动脉1例，肾动脉1例。病变血管壁内膜-中层厚度1.8-3.6cm，管腔都有不同程度的狭窄及闭塞。结论 大动脉炎超声声像图特征是动脉内膜-中层厚度弥漫性增厚，回声偏低，管腔狭窄或闭塞，为临床提供有价值的诊断信息。     

彩色多普勒超声对多发性大动脉炎的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对多发性大动脉炎的诊断价值。方法对40例多发性大动脉炎进行了回顾性分析。结果本组病例分三型：头臂型28例，其中锁骨下动脉4例；胸、腹主动脉型3例；肾主动脉型9例。病变动脉表现为血管管壁增厚，管腔狭窄、闭塞甚至出现盗血现象，CDFI显示狭窄区彩色血流明显变细，呈五彩镶嵌血流或出现彩色血流中断；PW测及病变处血流速度明显加速，频带增宽。结论彩色多普勒超声对多发性大动脉炎的诊断直观、确切，应作为临床首选的方法。     

超声诊断多发性大动脉炎心脏及外周血管病变

目的：分析多发性大动脉炎外周血管及心脏病变的超声表现。方法：患者３５例,女２９例,男６例,平均年龄２４．３岁。仪器应用美国Ａｃｕｓｏｎ１２８ＸＰ／１０型和ＡＴＬＵｌｔｒａｍａｒｋ－８型超声诊断仪。探头频率２．０～７．０ＭＨｚ,常规进行心脏及外周血管二维及多普勒超声检查。结果：大动脉炎患者受累血管分布为锁骨下动脉２９例,颈总动脉２８例,腹主动脉１４例,肾动脉１４例,无名动脉１１例,肠系膜上动脉５例及腹腔动脉３例。病变血管壁厚度２．０～５．２ｍｍ,管腔不同程度狭窄或闭塞。３５例中,９例左房、左室扩大伴心功能减低,左室前后径４８．２±７．４ｍｍ／５９．２±８．１ｍｍ,左房收缩末期前后径３９．９±４．６ｍｍ,ＥＦ３７．７±８．０％,ＦＳ１８．６±４．５％;３例升主动脉扩张;２例肺动脉高压;２例为高心病改变及１例中等量心包积液。主动脉瓣返流１３例,二、三尖瓣返流各１１例,肺动脉瓣返流１０例。结论：大动脉炎累及最多血管为锁骨下动脉及颈总动脉,其次腹主动脉、肾动脉及无名动脉。心脏受累较常见,发生率占４８．６％。     

彩色多普勒超声对外周血管大动脉炎病变的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对外周血管大动脉炎病变的诊断价值。方法选取120例外周血管大动脉炎病变患者,所有患者均采取常规二维超声检查以及彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检查,并比较单纯二维超声检查与二维超声结合CDFI检查对外周血管大动脉炎病变的检出率。结果二维超声结合CDFI组患者对锁骨下动脉、颈总动脉、股动脉、肱动脉、肾动脉和腹主动脉大动脉炎的诊断率明显高于单纯二维超声组(P0.05)。结论与二维常规超声技术相比,CDFI诊断外周血管大动脉炎具有较高的临床价值。     

超声对多发性大动脉炎患者外周血管及心脏病变的诊断价值

目的探讨多发性大动脉炎（Takayasu arteritis,TA）患者外周血管及心脏病变的超声诊断价值。方法回顾性分析33例TA患者的临床、实验室检查资料及病变动脉和心脏的二维彩色多普勒超声检查结果。结果①所有患者血管病变均至少累及两支以上动脉,最多见于颈动脉受累,占66.7%（22/33）;其次为锁骨下动脉,占45.5%（15/33;）肾动脉占36.4%（12/33）;腹主动脉占18.2%（6/33）;股动脉占6.1%（2/33）;②检出心脏病变患者占72.7%（24/33）,其中左房、左室扩大伴心脏收缩、舒张功能减低者24.2%（8/33）;左房扩大、左心室肥厚者21.2%（7/33）;右房、右室扩大合并肺动脉高压者39.4%（13/33）;3例患者左室附壁血栓形成;部分患者伴少量心包积液。结论超声可客观显示TA患者病变动脉及心脏和血管的形态及其血流动力学改变,是临床诊断多发性大动脉炎的首选检查方法。     

彩色多普勒超声对多发性大动脉炎血管病变检查的价值

目的探讨多发性大动脉炎（Takayasu＇s arteritis，TA）彩色多普勒超声检查的诊断价值。方法22例多发性大动脉炎患者经彩超检查并经临床及血管造影确诊。结果1．大动脉炎最易累及颈动脉和锁骨下动脉；2.TA超声特征：血管壁节段性环状增厚，管腔狭窄或闭塞。结论彩超可以显示动脉管壁增厚这一主要的病理特征，在TA病变的检出、测量、分型及复查等方面有重要价值。     

头臂动脉型大动脉炎超声与血管造影的对比研究

目的探讨头臂动脉型大动脉炎的声像图特征,评价超声影像的应用价值。方法分析11例头臂动脉型大动脉炎患者的二维声像图及彩色多普勒超声影像表现,并与数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果对比。结果声像图显示病变累及动脉管壁弥漫性、环状增厚,呈低或等回声,管腔不同程度狭窄或闭塞。超声、DSA检测病变累及血管数分别为48支、52支。分别以阴性、阳性为判断点和以重度狭窄为判断点,超声检测的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为82.7%、92.8%、88.4%与75.0%、98.9%、93.4%,超声与DSA检测病变血管的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声检测颈动脉病变准确性88.9%(24/27)高于锁骨下动脉、椎动脉及无名动脉76.0%(19/25)。结论超声可以无创、有效、直观地诊断头臂动脉型大动脉炎,对于病变狭窄程度的诊断应结合血管造影。     

外周动脉粥样硬化的超声评价及其与危险因素相关性研究

目的 探讨外周动脉粥样硬化（EcAS）发生、分布规律及其与心血管危险因素的关系。方法 对动脉粥样硬化（AS）高发人群进行外周动脉超声检查并与心血管危险因素进行单因素检验及多因素的多元回归分析。结果 颈动脉（CA）、锁骨下动脉（SA）、腹主动脉（AbAO)、股动脉（FA）和髌总动脉（CIA）继样硬化的发生率分别为73％、63％、56％、54％和51％。AS斑块以单纯性斑块最常见,冠心病组FA、CIA和AbAO粥样硬化发生率及IMT显著高于其它组（P＜0．01）,而脑梗塞组CA粥样硬化发生率及IMT显著高于其它组（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。结论 EcAS发生率由高到低依次为CA、SA、AbAO、FA和CIA;FA、CIA和AbAO粥样硬化与冠心病显著正相关,而CA9粥样硬化与脑梗塞关系密切。     

Peripheral distribution of the increased cardiac output by secretin during acute ischemic left ventricular failure

Secretin, a 27-amino acid peptide with both vasodilating and inotropic properties, was investigated according to its effects on peripheral flow distribution in acute ischemic left ventricular failure accomplished by embolization of the left coronary artery in anesthetized dogs. Electromagnetic monitoring of renal, carotid, femoral and superior mesenteric artery flow was used. During the induction of heart failure a general reduction of flow with preponderance of that of the carotid and femoral arteries occurred. The secretin infusion caused increases in renal flow by 58%, carotid flow by 63%, femoral flow by 50% and superior mesenteric flow by 34%. The corresponding reductions in arterial resistances were 33, 35, 31 and 24%, respectively. Compared to levels before induction of failure, restoration of flow in all arteries as well as cardiac output was achieved, with exception of renal flow that was 25% higher. The arterial pressure was not altered and a modest inotropic effect of secretin was confirmed. It was concluded that in acute left ventricular failure secretin caused a general distribution of the increased cardiac output in the arteries investigated with a preponderance of renal artery flow.     

Female gender increases stiffness of elastic but not of muscular arteries in type I diabetic patients

The reason for the particularly increased risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetic women is still unclear. We have previously found decreased distensibility of elastic arteries in type I diabetic women, indicating increased cardiac load, not seen in type I diabetic men, which might be one contributing factor. Whether the effect of gender is different in muscular arteries in type I diabetic patients has not been assessed. As estimates of arterial distensibility we measured stiffness (beta) and pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) in the muscular common femoral artery using echo-tracking sonography in 30 women (mean age 34 years, range 20-61) and 26 men (mean age 38 years, range 22-56) with type I diabetes. The results were compared with those of 89 healthy individuals of corresponding age and gender and with previously published results from elastic arteries in these patients obtained at the same occasion. The internal common femoral diameter was significantly decreased in both diabetic men and women. In sharp contrast to the highly significant decreased distensibility of the elastic abdominal aorta and common carotid artery in the type I diabetic women, the distensibility of the common femoral artery did not clearly differ between patients and controls, neither for women nor for men. Thus, the gender difference in changes of arterial distensibility found in elastic arteries was absent or far less obvious in the femoral artery. In conclusion, female gender seems to affect the mechanical properties of elastic, but not of large muscular arteries in type I diabetic patients. Thus, putative gender differences in arterial changes in type I diabetes are to be sought in elastic rather than muscular arteries.     

彩色多普勒在腹部及周围血管动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的：总结腹部及周围血管动脉瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现。方法：对我科经彩色多普勒超声诊断的8例动脉瘤进行回顾性分析。结果：8例中腹主动脉真性动脉瘤4例，均位于肾动脉水平以下，表现为腹主动脉局部扩张。腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤1例，CDFI可识别夹层瘤的真腔和假腔。肱动脉及股动脉假性动脉瘤各1例，CDFI见动脉有破口与肿块相通，肿块内有彩色和频谱血流信号。胰头周围假性动脉瘤1例，有胰腺炎病史，CDFI见肿块中有局部动脉型高速血流。8例均经CT、MRA或手术证实。结论：彩色多普勒可准确诊断腹部及周围血管动脉瘤，它是首选的无创伤性的诊断方法。     

Common trunk of the right accessory renal artery and right inferior phrenic artery originating from the thoracic artery: An unreported variation

Accessory renal arteries (ARAs) are common and usually originate from the abdominal aorta and the renal artery. Inferior phrenic arteries (IPAs) can also arise from the abdominal aorta or its branches. In this paper, we present the first case of a common trunk of the right ARA and right IPA arising from the thoracic artery at the level of T10, which was discovered by multidetector-row computed tomography in pretherapeutic evaluation and clearly confirmed by selective angiography. It is important to recognize this anatomical variation when performing cardiovascular and interventional radiological procedures.     

64排螺旋CT用于体部动脉性病变的诊断

目的:评价64排螺旋CT血管造影(64-MDCTA)及重建技术在体部动脉(除冠状动脉外)性病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:102例患者(包括颈、椎动脉19例、肺动脉5例、胸腹主动脉及其分支49例,双下肢动脉29例)行64-MDCTA检查,采用准直0.625mm,层厚0.625mm,间隔0.5~0.625mm。应用多平面重建(multiple planar reconstruction,MPR),曲面重建(curved planar reconstruction,CPR),最大密度投影(maxi mumintensity projection,MIP),容积显示技术(volume renderingtechnique,VRT)以及血管分析(vessel analysis,VA)软件进行图像重建及分析。结果:102例体部动脉病变中,CTA显示:颈动脉钙化斑块伴狭窄10例,颈动脉体瘤3例,颈总动脉假性动脉瘤1例,颈动脉鞘内神经源性肿瘤伴血管推移1例,椎动脉狭窄1例,椎动脉瘤1例,正常颈动脉2例,肺动脉栓塞4例,正常肺动脉1例,马凡氏综合征2例,大血管转位1例,胸、腹主动脉瘤15例,假性动脉瘤3例,夹层动脉瘤11例,夹层动脉瘤术后随访8例,脾动脉瘤1例,肾动脉斑块、狭窄2例,右肾动脉狭窄支架术后随访1例,腹主动脉瘤术后随访2例,椎体骨质增生压迫腹主动脉1例,正常主动脉1例,正常腋动脉1例,髂动脉瘤3例,股髂动脉血栓、闭塞4例,双下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症14例,下肢血管动静脉瘘3例,下肢动脉术后随访4例,正常双下肢动脉1例。以上几种重建技术均能显示病变发生部位、大小、形态、范围,对病变可从不同角度观察,VRT能三维立体显示病变,MPR、CPR、MIP均能显示血栓、钙化,MPR、CPR、VA能显示动脉管腔及支架腔内情况。102例中63例经手术或DSA证实。结论:64-MDCT能够全面清晰显示体部动脉病变,为患者提供快速及有效、可靠的诊断手段,对临床诊断、治疗具有重要指导意义。     

超声间接征象在胸主动脉缩窄性疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声间接征象在胸主动脉缩窄性疾病诊断中的价值及评价重要侧支代偿途径的可行性。方法记录15例胸主动脉缩窄患者腹主动脉、股动脉、肾内叶间动脉、腹壁上下动脉、胸廓内动脉的多普勒频谱;同时选择正常对照组15例,测量正常对照组和胸主动脉缩窄组胸廓内动脉内径和峰值血流速度。结果所用病例腹主动脉、股动脉、肾内叶间动脉均为狭窄下游血流频谱改变,利用血流动力学的异常表现间接推断出胸主动脉缩窄的诊断,最后经手术证实为胸主动脉缩窄。所有病例腹壁上下动脉异常增宽吻合。胸廓内动脉和腹壁下动脉内径异常增宽,峰值血流速度增快,与正常对照组比较,均具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论准确掌握胸主动脉缩窄性疾病的一些重要的间接征象可提高对这类疾病的全面认识。