新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫失败同孕妇血清乙型肝炎…

以ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性孕妇作为研究对象，用病例－对照研究方法，比较婴儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫失败和婴儿疫苗免疫成功两组孕妇分娩时血清乙型肝炎病毒ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ含量进一步用定群方法研究母亲ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ含量与其婴儿免疫后ＨＢｓＡｇ持续携带 关系，证实孕妇血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ高含量是婴儿免疫失败的主要原因。     

乙型肝炎患者HBV M和HBV DNA的相关性研究

目的 探讨乙型肝炎患者的乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）血清学标志（ＨＢＶ Ｍ）与ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ检测结果的相关性与临床意义。方法 对４１４例乙型肝炎的ＨＢＶ Ｍ和ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ检测结果进行比较。ＨＢＶ Ｍ用ＥＬＩＳＡ定量分析法检测,ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ用斑点杂交法检测。结果 急性、慢性乙型肝炎患者中ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ的阳性率与乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率比较,差异有显著性;ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｅ、抗－ＨＢｃ阳性和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｃ阳性组的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率比较,差异无显著性;ＨＢｓＡｇ和／或ＨＢｅＡｇ的滴度与ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率呈正相关关系。结论 ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ是评价ＨＢＶ活动最理想的标志;抗－ＨＢｅ的出现不能作为ＨＢＶ复制停止的指标;ＨＢｓＡｇ的滴度和ＨＢｅＡｇ的滴度变化可作为临床评价病毒复制程度和     

孕妇甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎感染率调查

我们对２１１名在武汉市第三医院妇产科临产孕妇的甲型肝炎（ＨＡＶ）、乙型肝炎（ＨＢＶ）和丙型肝炎（ＨＣＶ）感染率进行了调查。并对其中２８名ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲的新生儿脐血以及６月龄时血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ进行检测。所有孕妇均未接种过甲型和乙型肝炎疫苗。２１１名...     

乙型肝炎基因工程疫苗阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的研究

用转基因细胞（ＣＨＯ－Ｃ２８）分泌的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原基因工程疫苗免疫母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性的新生儿５０例，观察其阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的效果，随访１２个月，在３６例母亲为ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ均阳性的婴儿中仅１例为ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性，其余婴儿均有保护性抗体，预防保护率为９６．２％。１４例母亲单独ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性的所有婴儿抗ＨＢｓ均阳转，保护率达１００％。抗ＨＢｓ阳性的婴儿均具有较高抗体水平，抗ＨＢｓＧＭＴ为１１．１５６×１０５～１３．１３４×１０５ｍＩＵ／Ｌ。说明ＣＨＯ乙型肝炎基因工程疫苗具有较好的免疫原性和近期保护效果。     

慢性乙型肝炎肝内HBVDNA和HBsAg的双标记定位研究

应用原位杂交和免疫组化ＰＡＰ法双标记技术，结合病人乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒血清学标志物检测结果，研究了３１例慢性乙肝病人肝穿刺组织中乙型肝炎病毒ＤＡＮ和ＨＢｓＡｇ的分布及意义。结果显示，肝辔内检ＨＶＤＮＡ２３例，ＨＢｓＡｇ２６例，二者同时检出者２１例。从同组病人肝组织的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢｓＡｇ双标检测结果与其乙肝病毒血清学标志物检测结果的比较来看，肝组织内ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢｓＡｇ同时很可能表明ＨＢＶ正     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原定量检测临床意义的探讨

为探讨乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）定量检测作为反映乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）复制情况的临床意义,本文对２００例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性标本分别做ＨＢｓＡｇ定量检测和ＨＮＢ－ＤＮＡ检测,血清学标志物检测,并对１０例患者地行随访检测以上项目。根据测得的ＨＢｓＡｇ含量将２００例标本分为五组,计算出各组ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率,发现随ＨＢｓＡｇ含量增高,ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率也显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。根据ＨＢＶｅ系统不同模式分组显示,随ＨＢＶ感染好转,ＨＢｓＡｇ含量也随之降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。对６例ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴患者ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴前后的ＨＢｓＡｇ含量比较,发现随ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴,ＨＢｓＡｇ量也显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。综合以上结果,可以说明血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ含量,可以间接反映体内ＨＢＶ的情况,ＨＢｓＡｇ定量检测可作为间接反     

慢性肝炎和肝癌病人血清中乙型肝炎病毒DNA的检测

为了了解慢性肝炎和肝癌病人患者体内乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）复制与ＨＢＶ血清标志之间的关系，用酶联免疫吸附实验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）及斑点杂交方法对６１例慢性肝炎和４７例肝癌患者的ＨＢＶ表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）、相关ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）、表面抗体（抗－ＨＢｓ）、核心抗体（抗－ＨＢｃ）、相关ｅ抗体（抗－ＨＢｅ）进行了检测。结果表明：ＨＢＶＤＮＡ在ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、／抗－ＨＢｃ阳性的慢性肝炎和肝癌患者血清中的检出率分别为９０．５０％和５０．００％；在ＨＢｓＡｇ／抗－ＨＢｅ、抗－ＨＢｃ阳性者的检出率分别为４５．４０％和７．１４％；在ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性、ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性／抗－ＨＢｅ阴性者中的检出率分别为６０．００％和４０．００％；ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性、／抗－ＨＢｃ阳性或／抗－ＨＢｅ阳性或／抗－ＨＢｓ阳性者中的检出率分别为２０．００％和２２．２２％；在血清学指标全阴性时，慢性肝炎和肝癌患者血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检出率均为０。实验提示：无论是肝炎或肝癌，在ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ同时阳性时，ＨＢＶ复制最为活跃；在单独ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性时，ＨＢＶ有一定程度的复制；ＨＢＶ复制在肝癌细胞中受到一定程度的抑制。     

乙型肝炎病毒新的免疫逃避株的S基因序列分析

目的分析乙型肝炎患者体内ＨＢＶＳ基因的变异情况及对乙型肝炎的免疫预防的现实意义。方法采用巢式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）、Ｍ１３噬菌体克隆和核苷酸序列分析方法对一例乙型肝炎免疫失败儿童患者体内ＨＢＶＳ基因序列进行分析。结果发现该患儿所感染ＨＢＶ的Ｓ基因上有一个重要的点突变,即第５５１位碱基由野生型的Ａ变为Ｇ。该突变使乙型肝炎表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）１３３位氨基酸由甲硫（ＡＴＧ）变为缬（ＧＴＧ）。这一氨基酸替换恰恰发生在ＨＢｓＡｇ中和性α抗原决定簇区段（ａａ１２４～ａａ１４７）内。结论鉴于该患者接种乙型肝炎疫苗,其血清呈抗－ＨＢｓ阳性和ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性,推测其体内的ＨＢＶ为一个新的疫苗诱导的免疫逃避株     

特异性乙型肝炎病毒转移因子的研制及临床应用

用乙型肝炎疫苗免疫绵羊，在细胞介导免疫应签的高峰期，放血取脾制备特异性乙型肝炎病毒转移因子。对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎病例，以ＲＨＡ法检测ＨＢｓＡｇ，１：６４以上者均列为观察对象，共８０例。随机抽样分成特异性的ＨＢＶ－ＴＦ治疗组和肝必复对照组，结果显示，特异性ＨＢＶ－ＴＦ组ＨＢｓＡｇ转阴率、下降率及有效率与肝必复比较，差异显著，ＨＢＶ－ＴＦ对血清ＡＬＴ有一定的下降及恢复作用，尤以ＨＢｓＡｇ转阴病毒为显著     

HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV前C区的序列分析

为了解ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者中ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区突变株流行情况 ,本研究对 31例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性慢性乙型肝炎住院患者血清ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区序列进行了分析 ,血清标本采自广西南宁市各大医院 ,按 2 0 0 0年全国第 10次病毒性肝炎和肝病学术会议修订的“病毒性肝炎防治方案”诊断。其中男性2 5例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄为 18～ 36岁。ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗 ＨＢｓ、抗 ＨＢｃ、ＨＢｅＡｇ和抗 ＨＢｅ检测应由美国Ａｂｂｏｔｔ公司酶联免疫试剂盒 ;按常规法提取血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ ,并用美国Ｐｒｏｍｅｇａ公司ＤＮＡ试剂纯化 ;应用套式ＰＣＲ扩增ＨＢＶ…     

累范特地区的螫蝇(双翅目:蝇科)名录及黎巴嫩、叙利亚、约旦和埃及西奈山的新记录种

在累范特地区采集到8种螫蝇亚科种类,包括螫蝇属3种,厩螫蝇Stomoxys calcitrans( Linnaeus,1758),南螫蝇Stomoxys sitens Rondani,1873,黑螫蝇Stomoxys nigra Macquart,1851,角蝇属2种,西方角蝇Haematobia irritans( ...     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Pharmacokinetics of antipyrin,nifedipine, and diazepam in experimental myocardial infarction

Novosibirsk Medical Institute. Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences. (Presented by Academician Yu. I. Borodin, Academy of Medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 381–383, April, 1992.     

Extrapineal melatonin and its role in the neuroendocrine regulation of homeostasis

The hormone of melatonin is the main regulator of biological rhythms. It was first found in the pineal gland in 1958. Melatonin is involved in the regulation of many vital physiological processes: maturation and development of genitalias, metabolism of pigments and free radicals, immune response, mood and sleep, and cell proliferation and differentiation. The pineal gland is not the only organ synthesizing melatonin. Extrapineal melatonin is widely dis-tributed in humans and animals. Melatonin-producing cells are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, pancreas, adrenal and thyroid glands, thymus, cerebellum, urogenital system, placenta, and other organs. Melatonin is intensely synthesized in non-endocrine cells: mast cells, natural killers, eosinophilic leukocytes, platelets, and endotheliocytes. Such a wide distribution of melatonin reflects its key role as an intercellular neuroendocrine regulator and coordinator of many complex and interrelated biological processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 4, pp. 364–730, April, 1999     

Book Reviews

Immunology, H.N. Eisen, Harper, Row, Hagerstown, Maryland, 1974; paper bound, ca. 300 pages; $10.00

Multiple Sclerosis. Immunology, Virology, and Ultrastructure, F. Wolfgram, G. W. Ellison, J. G. Stevens, J. M. Andrews, eds., Academic Press, New York, 1972. ($19.50)

Macrophages and Cellular Immunity, A.I. Laskin, H. Lechevalier, Editors Chemical Rubber Co. Press, Cleveland, 1972; 123 pages, hardbound, $17.00

Transplantation, J.S. Najarian and R.L. Simmons, eds., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1972, XIV plus 797 pages, hardbound, $48.50     

Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor (atypical carcinoid) expressing KIT and PDGFRA with myoepithelial differentiation: a case report with immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies

Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumors (NET) except for Merkel cell carcinoma have rarely been reported. Herein reported is a very unique case of primary cutaneous NET with immunohistochemical markers of myoepitheliomas. A 47-year-old woman presented a tumor measuring 0.8x0.9x0.6 cm of the face. The tumor was excised completely with wide margins. Morphologically, the tumor was located in the dermis, and the tumor was composed of epithelioid cells arranged in trabecular, sinusoidal, rosette, ribbon-like, and cord-like patterns. Focal areas show tubular formations. The tumor cells were homogenous, and their nuclei showed hyperchromasia but no apparent histological features of malignancy were seen. The stroma was very scant. No invasive features were seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin (CK) 34BE12, CD5/6, CK14, NCAM (CD56), p63, and KIT (CD117), and moderately positive for CK AE1/3, p53, chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), PDGFRA, CA19-9, and Ki-67 antigen (labeling index=23%). The tumor cells were negative for CK CAM5.2, CK7, CK8, CK18,CK19,CK20, EMA, vimentin, CEA, HMB45, S100 protein, α-smooth muscle antigen, desmin, CD34, GFAP, neurofilaments, CD99 (MIC2), CD45, CD57, ErbB2, TTF-1, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. Mucins examined by d-PAS and Alcian blue techniques were negative. A genetic analysis using PCR-direct sequencing method in paraffin sections identified no mutations of KIT (exons 9, 11, 13 and 17) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) genes. Imaging modalities including CT and MRI identified no tumor in the body. The clinicians thought that the tumor was cured. She was a sailor and immediately visited other countries; therefore the follow-up could not be done.     

Characteristics of hematopoiesis in nude mice

The state of the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen was studied from the age aspect in nude mice, characterized by the presence of the recessive nu mutation. In athymic homozygous (nu/nu) individuals, various features were found in the blood system the distinguished them from heterozygous (nu/+) animals: a low lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen, inhibition of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, and hyperplasia of erythroid elements in the spleen.Department of Pathophysiology and Central Scientific-Research Laboratory, Tomsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician S. P. Karpov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 463–464. April, 1977.     

Epidemiology of food allergy

Adverse reactions to foods can occur for a variety of reasons, but a food allergy is caused by a specific immune response. Challenges to determine the prevalence of food allergy include misclassification, biased participation, lack of simple diagnostic tests, rapid evolution of disease, large numbers of potential triggers, and varied clinical phenotypes. Nonetheless, it is clear that this is a common disorder, with studies suggesting a cumulative prevalence of 3% to 6%, representing a significant impact on quality of life and costs. The inclusion of mild reactions to fruits and vegetables could result in calculation of prevalence exceeding 10% in some regions. There are data from numerous studies to suggest an increase in prevalence, but methodologic concerns warrant caution. Prevalence varies by age, geographic location, and possibly race/ethnicity. Many childhood food allergies resolve. Population-based epidemiologic studies have generated numerous novel theories regarding risks, including modifiable factors such as components of the maternal and infant diet, obesity, and the timing of food introduction. Recent and ongoing studies provide insights on risk factors, prevalence, and natural course that may inform clinical trials to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.     

Effect of amiridine and tacrine on reuptake of neurotransmitters in experimental amnesia

It is demonstrated that a single administration of amiridine, tacrine, piracetam, and physostigmine has no effect on the reuptake of adrenalin, noradrenalin, dopamine, and glycine, or of γ-aminobutyric, glutamic, and aspartic acids. Scopolamine (single administration or a 20-day treatment) also has no effect on the reuptake of these neurotransmitters. Administration of amiridine to intact rats during a 20-day period leads to a decrease in the reuptake of dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid. A course of amiridine therapy of rats after repeated administration of scopolamine results in a reduced reuptake of dopamine. Tacrine, piracetam, and physosostigmine exhibit no activity under the chosen experimental conditions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 512–514, May, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Perfluoran: Plasma substitute with oxygen transporting function

Research carried out in Russia in the 1970s and 1980s, was aimed at creation of plasma substitute with gas-transporting function, and resulted in development of perfluoran. Perfluoran normalizes gas exchange and metabolism, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, stabilizes cell membranes, corrects blood rheology and microcirculatory disorders, improves central hemodynamics, and exhibits adsorption and diuretic activities. It is effectively used in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock, intoxications, hemodynamic and cerebral circulation disorders, and hypoxia, in cardiosurgery, ophthalmology, and transplantology. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 5, pp. 484–492, May, 1998