羊膜腔输液治疗在产时应用的临床分析

目的 :分析羊膜腔输液 (amnioinfusion,AI)治疗产时羊水过少、胎膜早破和胎粪性羊水的临床意义。方法 :选择产程中发生胎心异常合并羊水过少、胎膜早破和羊水胎粪污染的孕产妇 1 0 1例 ,随机分为治疗组 51例 ,对照组 50例。治疗组在胎心监护下行羊膜腔输液或羊水置换 ;对照组给予吸氧 ,改变体位 ,静滴 5% Na HCO3等治疗。结果 :治疗组经羊膜腔输液 50 0～ 1 0 0 0 ml,胎心可变减速 (variable deceleration,VD)和长时减速 (period long deceleration,PL D)消失或明显改善 44例 ,有效率占 86 .3% ,明显高于对照组 (2 2 % ) ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1 )。治疗组 1 9例胎粪性羊水行羊水置换 ,有 1 7例羊水转为清亮或 度混浊。治疗组产程时间比对照组缩短 ,治疗组和对照组剖宫产率分别为 1 3.7%和 34.0 % ,新生儿窒息率分别为 3.9%和 42 .0 % ;对照组胎粪吸入性肺炎 9例 ,新生儿死亡 3例 ,治疗组仅一例发生胎粪吸入性肺炎 ,无新生儿死亡。产褥病率两组比较 ,差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。结论 :羊膜腔输液是治疗产时羊水过少、胎膜早破、胎粪性羊水的有效方法     

羊膜腔输注药物治疗羊水过少并发胎儿窘迫的临床效果观察

目的探讨羊膜腔输液、羊水置换及羊膜腔输注碱性药物治疗胎儿窘迫酸中毒的临床效果。方法对40例羊水过少、产程中胎心监护出现胎心律异常波形、Ⅱ度以上羊水胎粪污染产妇,在持续内监护下行羊膜腔输液、羊水置换治疗,其中20例分娩前行羊膜腔输入5%NaHCO3150ml(研究组),20例分娩前行静脉注射5%NaHCO3150ml(对照组),分娩后立即抽取两组新生儿脐动脉血行血气分析,并对两组新生儿行Apgar评分比较。结果(1)羊膜腔输液治疗:两组40例产妇中胎心律异常波形消失27例(27/40,68%),胎心律异常波形明显减少8例(8/40,20%),治疗有效率为88%(35/40);无变化或加重5例(5/40,13%)。(2)羊水置换治疗:两组40例产妇平均每例羊水置换Ⅱ~Ⅲ度胎类污染羊水900ml,最少700ml,最多1200ml。经羊水置换后抽出羊水清亮者21例(21/40,53%),羊水Ⅰ度污染者13例(13/40,33%),有效率为85%(34/40);仍有羊水Ⅱ度污染6例(6/40,15%)。(3)研究组脐动脉血二氧化碳分压(PCO2)、氧分压(PO2)、碳酸氢盐(HCO3-)、剩余碱(ABE)、标准碱(SBE)等指标明显好于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·05,P<0·01)。(4)研究组新生儿出生后1分钟Apgar评分平均为(9·2±1·1)分,对照组平均为(8·7±1·7)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。结论羊膜腔输液及羊水置换是治疗因胎儿窘迫及预防新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的有效方法,羊膜腔输注碱性药物能有效纠正胎儿酸中毒。     

预防性羊膜腔内输液治疗妊娠合并羊水过少

为进一步证实预防性羊膜腔内输液的价值,对过期妊娠或疑有胎儿宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)在产程开始并发羊水过少的病例进行前瞻性随机研究。选择过期妊娠(≥42W)或可疑 IUGR 伴羊水过少(实时 B 超测量羊水指数<8cm)者共76例妇女作为研究对象,随机分为不予治疗的对照组(26例)及给予室温(37. 8～40. 0℃) (24例)和加温(51. 7～53. 3℃)(26例)盐水的治疗组,在临产早期破水时放置内监护同时置入一宫内压力导管,通过此导管行羊膜腔内输液。入院时全部病     

足月妊娠分娩期羊水粪染220例临床分析

羊水胎粪污染在产科较为常见 ,为探讨其产科处理及降低对新生儿的不良影响 ,现对我院产程中出现羊水粪染的2 2 0例足月妊娠病例进行回顾性分析。1　临床资料1.1　研究对象　 2 0 0 1年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 9月在我院分娩产妇12 5 4例 ,产程中发现羊水Ⅱ～Ⅲ度粪染的初产妇 2 2 0例为研究组 ,产程中羊水清亮的 2 10例初产妇作为对照组。两组产妇年龄 ,孕周 ,实验室检查无明显差异。1.2　处理　在人工破膜或自然破膜时发现羊水Ⅱ～Ⅲ度粪染者 ,在第一产程时给予吸氧、电子胎心监护 ,严密观察产程进展。估计短期内不能经阴分娩、胎儿监护异常及产…     

羊膜腔灌注术治疗产时羊水过少40例分析

目的 探讨羊膜腔内灌注术（ａｍｎｉｏｉｎｆｕｓｉｏｎ,ＡＩ）产时治疗羊水过少的效果。方法 选择产时胎膜破裂伴关水过少孕妇８７例,将其中愿行ＡＩ的４０例孕妇作为治疗组,余４７例作为对照组。治疗组进入活跃期后以导管插入羊膜腔内,经导管输入３７℃生理盐水５００～１０００ｍｌ。观察分析两组的产程及母儿病率。结果 ＡＩ组产程管插入羊膜腔内,经导管输入３７℃生理盐水５００～１０００ｍｌ。观察分析两组的产程及母     

产间羊膜腔内输液治疗羊水过少症24例分析

羊水过少症中,围产儿死亡率及剖宫产率都显著增高,其原因除胎盘功能减退及胎儿畸形外,子宫肌壁压迫胎盘和脐带所致供血障碍及胎儿缺氧是重要因索,这在产时尤为明显,致使一般宫内复苏措施难以奏效。我们自1986年7月开始对羊水过少症进行了羊膜腔内输液的疗效对比观察,初步取得了良好效果,现将应用方法及结果报道如下。资料与方法一、病例选择与诊断标准凡住院已临产的足月及过期妊娠产妇,经B型超声检查证实最大羊膜囊暗区≤2cm,或破膜时羊水量不足100ml者,诊断为羊水过少症。随机分为两组,进行羊膜腔输液治疗者24例为输液组,另37例未经输液治疗为对照组,两组一般临床资料见表1。     

羊水胎粪污染的产科处理方法探讨

目的 探讨羊水胎粪污染的产科处理时机与方法。方法 对1998年1月至1998年12月在我院分娩的、产程中羊水为Ⅱ～Ⅲ度污染的220例初产妇的母婴结局进行回顾性分析,其中破膜时羊水粪染(Ⅰ组)有120例,产程中羊水由清亮变为污染(Ⅱ组)有100例;另随机选择同期产程中羊水清亮的210例产妇为对照组。结果 1254例产妇中,羊水胎粪污染的发生率为17.5％;粪染组在母体合并症、胎心监护异常发生率、剖宫产率及新生儿窒息率上均高于对照组(P<0.01);Ⅱ组在胎心监护异常及新生儿窒息的发生率上高于羊水粪染Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。结论 重视羊水粪染的临床处理。在伴发母体合并症、胎心监护异常及产程中羊水由清亮变为粪染时处理需积极,以及早剖宫产及缩短第二产程为宜。在无上述情况下,可在严密监护下阴道分娩。     

产程中羊水胎粪污染行羊水置换预防新生儿窒息的意义

羊水胎粪污染与胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息有关,可引起新生儿胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）,影响围产儿预后。我们对产程中羊水Ⅱ度以上胎粪污染者行羊水置换,观察其对围产儿预后及剖宫产率的影响。现报道如下。1资料与方法1．1临床资料产程中前羊水Ⅱ度以上污染共60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组平均孕41周,初产妇26例,经产妇4例,羊水过少18例,羊水量正常12例。宫口开大3cm,行人工破膜19例,宫口开大4～scm自然破膜11例。羊水Ⅲ度污染21例,Ⅱ度污染9例。胎心监护有变异减速波（VD）及延年减速波（PD）14例,VD波有晚期减…     

产时使用羊膜腔内输液预防胎粪吸入

胎粪吸入综合征(简称 MAS)是由于胎粪吸入胎儿气管和肺导致机械性梗阻和化学性炎症引起。死亡率大约25％,占整个围产儿死亡的2％。不但羊水过少导致胎粪粘稠,而且脐带受压刺激迷走神经均可能与 MAS 有关。Miyazaki 和 Nevarez已证明产时羊膜腔内输注生理盐水对纠正羊水过少和减轻由于脐带受压引起的可变减速有益。为了努力改善产时伴粘稠胎粪病人的母婴后果,作者1987年元月～1988年4月随机抽取了80例产时伴稠胎粪的足月孕妇(羊水碉、粘、混浊并含明显的颗粒物质认为是“稠胎粪”),其中不包括有绒毛膜羊膜炎体征及任何胎儿窘迫迹象的病人。随机选择44例接受常规处理,36例接受羊膜腔由输液。给接受羊膜腔内输液的病人放入宫腔内压力导管,开始经导     

羊膜腔输液治疗临产后频发胎心率变异性减速的意义

羊膜腔输液治疗临产后频发胎心率变异性减速的意义赵三纯，徐玲，闫桂香，艾琳英变异性减速（ＶＤ）是临产监护中最常见的胎心异常，常因羊水过少宫缩时引起胎盘脐带一过性受压所致，严重影响胎儿预后。本研究对７６例频发ＶＤ或延长减速（ＰＤ）孕妇，随机分为两组即羊膜...     

Meconium concentration and amniotic fluid index influence the outcome of amnioinfusion

BACKGROUND: To determine the usefulness of amnioinfusion as a function of meconium concentration and amniotic fluid index. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 206 pregnant women in whom amniotic fluid was moderately or heavily stained with meconium, according to subjective evaluation. The women were assigned randomly to receive amnioinfusion (n=103) or no amnioinfusion (control group, n=103). The results were compared in women with =/<15 % or >15 % meconium in the amniotic fluid (measured by centrifugation), and in women in whom the amniotic fluid index calculated 60 min after insertion of the amnioinfusion catheter was <10 or =/>10. RESULTS: In women with >15% meconium, amnioinfusion decreased the rate of cesarian sections motivated by fetal distress (2.5% vs 22.2%), and in women with =/<15% meconium, amnioinfusion decreased the presence of meconium below the vocal cords (6.4% vs 25.9%). Greater benefits after amnioinfusion were seen in women with an amniotic fluid index =/>10: the rate of cesarian sections was lower (1.3% vs 13.3%), as was the frequency of meconium below the vocal cords (10.1% vs 33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Beneficial effects of amnioinfusion were seen in women with high and low concentrations of meconium, and with high and low amniotic fluid indexes. These criteria should therefore not be used to decide whether amnioinfusion is indicated when the amniotic fluid is moderately or heavily stained with meconium.     

The Collaborative Randomised Amnioinfusion for Meconium Project (CRAMP): 1. South Africa

Objective To evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labout.
Design Multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Setting Four urban academic hospitals in South Africa. Obstetric surveillance included the use of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in most cases.
Participants Women in labour at term with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid.
Interventions Transcervical amnioinfusion of 800 mL saline at 15 mL per minute, followed by a maintenance infusion at 3 mL per minute. The control group received routine care. Blinding of the intervention was not possible.
Main outcome measures Caesarean section, meconium aspiration syndrome and perinatal mortality.
Results Caesarean section rates were similar (amnioinfusion group 70/167 vs control group 68/159; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.76–1.26). The incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome was lower than expected on the basis of previous studies (4/162 vs 6/163; RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.19–2.33). There were no perinatal deaths. There were no significant differences between any of the subsidiary outcomes.
Conclusions This study concurred with three previous trials which found no effect of amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid on caesarean section rate, though the pooled data from all identified trials to date show a significant reduction. The findings with respect to meconium aspiration syndrome were inconclusive in this study alone because of the small number of babies affected, but the point estimate of the relative risk was consistent with the finding of a significant reduction in previous studies and with the Zimbabwe arm (CRAMP 2) of this study. Pooled data clearly support the use of amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid to reduce the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome.     

Randomised trial of amnioinfusion during labour with meconium stained amniotic fluid

Objective To assess the effect of amnioinfusion during labour with meconium stained amniotic fluid on caesarean section rate and perinatal outcome.
Design Prospective randomised controlled study.
Setting A tertiary care teaching hospital in India.
Population Women in labour at term with meconium stained amniotic fluid.
Methods Two hundred women in labour with ≥37 weeks gestation, single cephalic presentation with moderate or thick meconium were randomised to control and amnioinfusion groups at a 1:1 ratio. Amnioinfusion was performed using 500mL of normal saline over a period of 30 minutes in a study group. The control group received routine care. Both groups had intermittent auscultation of fetal heart rate during labour.
Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was caesarean section rate. Secondary outcome measures were meconium aspiration syndrome, 1 minute and 5 minute apgar  <7  , hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, neonatal intensive care unit admission, meconium at the level of vocal cords.
Results The caesarean section rate in the amnioinfusion group was less than the control group (RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24–0.93). Amnioinfusion was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of meconium at the vocal cords (   P = 0.001  ); improvement in 1 minute apgar scores (   P <0.05  ), respiratory distress (   P = 0.002  ) and fewer admissions to nursery compared with the controls. This sample size was inadequate to study the impact on meconium aspiration syndrome.
Conclusion Amnioinfusion in an under resourced labour ward decreases caesarean section rates and fetal morbidity.     

The Collaborative Randomised Amnioinfusion for Meconium project (CRAMP): 2. Zimbabwe

Objective To evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labour.
Design Multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Setting A large urban academic hospital. Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring was not used.
Participants Women in labour at term with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid.
Interventions Transcervical amnioinfusion of 500 mL saline over 30 minutes, then 500 mL at 30 drops per minute. The control group received routine care. Blinding of the intervention was not possible.
Main outcome measures Caesarean section, meconium aspiration syndrome and perinatal mortality.
Results There was no difference in risk for caesarean section in the two groups (amnioinfusion 9.5% vs control 12.3%; RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.53–1.32). Meconium aspiration syndrome was significantly less frequent in the amnioinfusion group (3.1% vs 12.8%; RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12–0.48), and there was a trend towards fewer perinatal deaths (1.2% vs 3.6%; RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.11–1.06).
Conclusions Amnioinfusion is technically feasible in a developing country situation with limited intrapartum facilities. In this study amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid was associated with striking improvements in perinatal outcome.     

Role of Intrapartum Transcervical Amnioinfusion in Patients with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid

Objectives

The study was undertaken to evaluate maternal, perinatal outcomes following transcervical intrapartum amnioinfusion in women with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.

Methods

A prospective comparative study was conducted on 100 women with meconium-stained amniotic fluid in labor. Group A: study group (50 cases) received amnioinfusion. Group B: control group (50 cases) did not receive amnioinfusion. FHR monitoring was done using cardiotocography.

Results

Significant relief from variable decelerations was seen in 68.18 % cases in the amnioinfusion group as compared to 7.1 % cases in the control group. 78 % cases who were given amnioinfusion had vaginal delivery as compared to 18 % cases in the control group. Fourteen percent cases in the study group had cesarean delivery as compared to 68 % cases in the control group. Meconium aspiration syndrome was seen in six percent neonates in the study group as compared to 20 % in the control group. Two neonates died in the control group due to meconium aspiration syndrome. There was no maternal mortality or major maternal complication.

Conclusions

Intrapartum transcervical amnioinfusion is valuable in patients with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.     

Risk factors for meconium aspiration in meconium stained amniotic fluid.

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening respiratory disease in infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for MAS in the newborns of mothers who had meconium stained amniotic fluid in labour. A retrospective study of all full-term pregnancies with MSAF from May 2003 to October 2004 was designed at a teaching hospital. Development of MAS was the primary outcome. Maternal details, mode of delivery and neonatal details (Apgar score, reassuring or non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing and birth weight) were evaluated. During the study period, there were 2,603 deliveries of whom 302 (11.6%) had MSAF. MAS developed in 64 of these infants (21.1%). Compared with healthy neonates with MSAF, those with MAS had higher rate of non-reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing, thick meconium and Apgar score < or =5 at 5 min. The neonatal birth weight was lower in the MAS group, maternal age, parity, gestational age and mode of delivery were not significantly different in the two group. We found the severity of meconium, low Apgar score at 5 min and non-reassuring FHR tracing was associated with MAS in MSAF pregnancies.     

Monitoring of labour and delivery in the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid by pulse oximetry

OBJECTIVES: Evidence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor suggests implementation of close monitoring of fetal well-being. DESIGN: Our purpose was to compare fetal oxygen saturation between cases with normal and meconium stained amniotic fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fetal oxygen saturation was continuously recorded with use of Nellcor N-400 fetal pulse oximeter in 30 control cases of term labour of normal, and 30 cases of meconium stained amniotic fluid. Distribution of fetal oxygen saturation values during 5 periods of labour was analyzed and compared between the examined groups, and presented in forms of Tables, together with neonatal umbilical artery pH values, Apgar score, birth weight and percentage of caesarian sections performed. RESULTS: No significant differences in fetal oxygen saturation, neonatal umbilical artery pH, birth weight and caesarian sections rate were observed between analyzed groups. Newborns 1-th minute Apgar score (mean value) and base excess was lower in meconium group compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate, that fetal oxygen saturation trends to decrease during labour in fetuses in both groups.     

Simultaneous use of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry and amnioinfusion in meconium stained amniotic fluid

OBJECTIVE: Fetal pulse oximetry is a minimally invasive, simple technique which continuously helps to reflect in utero well-being. The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid may be a clinical sign of fetal hypoxaemia. Amnioinfusion has a beneficial effect on the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and the presence of meconium below the level of the vocal cords. STUDY DESIGN: We studied the impact of amnioinfusion combined with fetal pulse oximetry on the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome and operative delivery. RESULTS: The retrospective analysis revealed that the presence of meconium below the level of vocal cords was significantly reduced. The frequency of cesarean section is decreased, however, it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Fetal pulse oximetry may be used in combination with amnioinfusion and cardiotocography (CTG) to reduce the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome and the number of instrumental deliveries and improve perinatal outcome.