中枢神经系统原发性淋巴瘤临床病理特征

目的：探讨中枢神经系统原发性恶性淋巴瘤(PCNSL)诊断标准，为临床和病理早期诊断(PCNSL)提供依据。方法：通过对11例PBL患者活检标本镜下观察，同时选用LCA、CD20、CD45RO、CD68、GFAP、EMA、NSE等抗体对其进行免疫组织化学标记，并结合临床资料综合分析。结果：11例病变相似，显示神经组织中散在大量异型细胞。所有病例组织GFAP、EMA、NSE均表达阴性。9例肿瘤细胞LCA及CD20表达阳性、其中2例LCA、CD20和CD45RO均为阳性；2例LCA表达阴性，而CD68表达阳性。结论：诊断中枢神经原发性淋巴瘤，需排除它处淋巴瘤，并结合临床表现和形态学及免疫组化标记综合考虑。     

肾脏原发性淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的:对肾脏原发性淋巴瘤的临床病理特点、组织学起源、诊断及鉴别诊断等进行分析.方法:对1例手术切除的肾脏原发性淋巴瘤标本做HE染色和S-P免疫组织化学染色.结果:左肾脏中下极见界限不清的肿块,与肠管粘连.镜下见肾实质内有弥漫大片淋巴样细胞浸润,免疫表型瘤细胞表达LCA、L26及IgA.病理诊断为肾脏原发弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤.结论:肾脏原发淋巴瘤甚为罕见,确诊需依赖病理组织学检查.     

肺原发性淋巴瘤临床病理特征

目的：探讨肺原发性恶性淋巴瘤的病理组织学特点，为临床和病理早期诊断提供依据。方法：应用光镜和免疫组化方法对2例肺淋巴瘤手术切除标本进行组织学观察。结果：2例病变相似，显示肺组织中散在大量异型细胞。所有病例组织EMA、NSE均表达阴性。肿瘤细胞LCA及CD20均表达阳性，CD45RO和CD68表达阴性。结论：诊断肺原发性淋巴瘤，需排除它处淋巴瘤，并结合临床表现和形态学及免疫组化标记综合考虑。     

原发性子宫内膜非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的探讨原发性子宫内膜非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床病理特征。方法回顾性分析2例原发性子宫内膜非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床病理资料。结果例1：组织学上瘤细胞弥漫浸润性生长,细胞小圆形或核扭曲,浆少,核分裂易见。免疫组化瘤细胞表达CD3、CD5,不表达PAX5、CD20、CD79a、CD10;病理诊断为原发性子宫内膜外周T细胞淋巴瘤。例2：组织学示内膜大量核圆形或卵圆形、异型明显之细胞浸润性生长,核分裂易见。免疫组化：肿瘤细胞表达PAX5、CD20,不表达CD3、CD5、CD10、BCL-6等;病理诊断为原发性子宫内膜弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。2例均予手术加CHOP化疗,分别于术后56个月和13个月死亡。结论原发性子宫内膜非霍奇金淋巴瘤是一种罕见的、恶性度较高的肿瘤,诊断有赖于诊断性刮宫、手术标本的病理组织学检查和免疫酶标检测。     

发展医疗卫生事业构建社会主义和谐社会

目的探讨乳腺原发性T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特点、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对1例双侧乳腺原发性T细胞淋巴瘤进行临床资料分析及光镜、免疫组化标记观察。结果①1例34岁女性患有原发性双侧乳腺恶性肿瘤。②组织学特点:瘤细胞呈片状及条索状排列,部分围血管分布,有明显嗜血管现象,瘤细胞胞质少,核小,深染有异型,部分核扭曲,染色质细,无淋巴上皮病变。③免疫组化染色:LCA、CD3、CD3均为阳性,而CD20、CD79a、CKLMW均为阴性。④随访:术后4个月死亡。结论乳腺原发性T细胞淋巴瘤是极为罕见的高度恶性肿瘤,其诊断主要依靠病理组织学及免疫组织化学标记。     

恶性淋巴瘤临床病理学回顾性分析

【目的】通过对80例恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理回顾性分析及免疫表型研究,探讨其临床病理学特征及预后。【方法】应用光镜及免疫组化染色对80例恶性淋巴瘤进行临床病理学分析,免疫组化方法检测肿瘤细胞CD20、CD79a、CD3、CD68、Bcl-2、CD10、Bcl-6、MUM-1、CD138、ALK、Ki67的表达特点。【结果】男性48人,女性32人,平均年龄58.7岁。临床病变部位以颈部(33.8%)、颌下、扁桃体和咽腭(13.8%)、肠(12.3%)、胃(10%)、腹股沟等部位为多见,少数见于中枢神经系统。临床表现依部位不同而不同,首发症状以颈部无痛性包块最常见。胃肠、头面部的可发生溃疡。镜下病理学类型以非霍奇金淋巴瘤多见(77/80),尤其是弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤多见(38/80),该肿瘤细胞较大,空泡状,核仁明显。瘤细胞均广泛表达B细胞标记。【结论】恶性淋巴瘤中,弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤最常见,其诊断主要依靠细胞形态学和免疫表型;应与大细胞恶性肿瘤相鉴别。     

双侧乳腺原发性T细胞淋巴瘤1例报告

目的探讨乳腺原发性T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特点、诊断及鉴别诊断.方法对1例双侧乳腺原发性T细胞淋巴瘤进行临床资料分析及光镜、免疫组化标记观察.结果①1例34岁女性患有原发性双侧乳腺恶性肿瘤.②组织学特点:瘤细胞呈片状及条索状排列,部分围血管分布,有明显嗜血管现象,瘤细胞胞质少,核小,深染有异型,部分核扭曲,染色质细,无淋巴上皮病变.③免疫组化染色:LCA、CD3、CD43均为阳性,而CD20、CD79a、CKLMW均为阴性.④随访:术后4个月死亡.结论乳腺原发性T细胞淋巴瘤是极为罕见的高度恶性肿瘤,其诊断主要依靠病理组织学及免疫组织化学标记.     

皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤的诊断及文献复习

目的　观察皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤的病理组织学表现 ,以探讨其病理诊断及鉴别诊断。方法　报道 2例发生在四肢、躯干的多发性病灶的病例 ,从临床病理组织学及免疫组化等方面进行了观察。结果　皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤是一种以皮肤水疱、皮下结节、多发性溃疡为主要临床表现 ,组织病变均呈脂膜炎样改变 ,瘤细胞主要浸润皮肤真皮及皮下组织 ,瘤组织可见明显大片状坏死 ,肿瘤细胞浸润血管壁并见血管壁的凝固性坏死。免疫组化肿瘤细胞LCA、CD4 5RO阳性 ,证实瘤细胞为T细胞型。结论　皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤是一种特殊类型的皮肤原发性恶性淋巴瘤 ,呈脂膜炎样生长 ,具有特殊生物学行为 ,预后很差     

卵巢原发性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨卵巢原发性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征及诊断、鉴别诊断要点。方法对1例卵巢原发性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤进行临床病理分析及免疫组化研究，并复习相关文献。结果左侧卵巢完全被肿块取代，且对侧卵巢亦有侵及，大小7．0cm×5．0cm×4．5cm，呈实性、质细腻；镜下肿瘤组织具有相对一致的弥漫性大细胞组成，间以少量硬化性间质，肿瘤细胞表达LCA、CD20、CD79a、Vim，不表达CD45RO、CD3、CD30、CD56、NSE、CK、EMA、PLAP、CD117、B-HCG、CA125、AFP。结论卵巢原发性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤罕见，恶性度高，侵袭性强，形态上有弥漫分布的大细胞，组织形态学表现有较大差异，免疫组化在协助诊断上有决定性作用。     

原发性肺恶性淋巴瘤15例临床病理分析

目的　探讨原发性肺恶性淋巴瘤 (PLL)的临床病理和免疫组织化学特征。方法　回顾分析 15例原发性肺恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理特征 ,用免疫组织化学染色LsAB法 (S P法 )确定肿瘤细胞的特性 ,使用的抗体有LCA、CD2 0、CD4 5RO、CD30、CD5 6、κ、λ、CK、NSE、HMB4 5。结果　按 2 0 0 1年WHO关于淋巴造血组织肿瘤分类标准 ,确诊 15例原发性肺恶性淋巴瘤 ,均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL)。其中 ,成熟性B细胞淋巴瘤 13例 ,全为黏膜相关淋巴瘤 (MALT淋巴瘤 )。成熟性T细胞或NK细胞淋巴瘤 2例 ,其中NK T淋巴瘤和间变性大细胞性淋巴瘤 (ALCL)各 1例。结论　许多非霍奇金淋巴瘤可原发于肺 ,必须结合病理形态特征和免疫组织化学染色进行诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.