主髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择

目的 :探讨腹主动脉下段及髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择。方法 :对我院 1996年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 1月 4 8例主髂动脉闭塞病例进行回顾性总结。结果 :行主 髂 (股 )动脉人工血管转流术 15例 ,髂 股动脉人工血管转流术 10例。髂动脉内膜剥脱术 1例 ,股 -股动脉人工血管转流术 10例 ,腋 -股动脉人工血管转流术 12例。均得到随访。总有效率 95 8% ,围手术期死亡率 4 17%。人工血管通畅率81 2 %。结论 :解剖途径人工血管转流术是治疗本病的首选方法 ,以获得较高的通畅率。对于高龄、体弱者 ,特别是全身一般情况差 ,合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肺气肿等慢性病的患者 ,应采用解剖外途径人工血管转流术 ,以减低手术死亡率     

股深动脉重建改善下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者下肢缺血的疗效

目的 探讨股深动脉重建改善下肢动脉缺血方面的疗效.方法 根据CTA及血管彩超选择高危重症多节段动脉硬化闭塞症病例,对30例FontaineⅢ、Ⅳ期下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者实施股深动脉重建.其中解剖外途径股-股深动脉人工血管转流术7例,髂总、髂外动脉-股深动脉人工血管转流术9例,髂动脉球囊扩张+支架植入术结合股深动脉成形术4例,腋动脉-股深动脉转流2例,单纯股深动脉成形术8例.结果 26例患者症状明显改善,皮温明显升高,静息痛消失,ABI明显升高(术前平均为0.23,术后平均为0.57).3例症状减轻,1例无效截肢.术后随访3～23个月(平均13个月).18例行人工血管转流术的病例中1例发生闭塞,人工血管通畅率为94.4％.8例单纯股深动脉成形的病例中1例闭塞.总体保肢率为96.7％.结论 在股浅动脉广泛闭塞时,股深动脉重建治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期动脉硬化闭塞症具有重要意义.     

血管腔内成形术联合外科手术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗手段及临床疗效。方法采用髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入结合股-腘动脉人工血管转流术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症18例（20条患肢）。结果手术均获得成功,未出现严重并发症。患侧下肢末梢泛红试验均较术前明显改善。平均随访15个月（1-26个月）,与术前相比患者症状明显改善,跛行距离加大（〉1000m）。结论髂动脉腔内介入血管成形术结合股-腘动脉转流术是治疗多节段多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法,手术创伤小、操作方便,尤其适合高危重症患者。     

血管旁路术结合支架植入术治疗高龄主髂动脉硬化闭塞症

主髂动脉硬化闭塞症（又称Lefiche综合症）是腹主动脉下段或双侧髂动脉闭塞造成下肢和盆腔缺血的一个综合征。严重者不仅下肢和盆腔器官功能障碍，还会造成下肢缺血性坏疽。人工血管旁路移植术是治疗Lefiche综合症最理想的方法。而主髂动脉硬化闭塞症其发病多数在高龄病人、合并有多种疾病的基础上，所以单纯人工血管旁路移植术的治疗危险性极大。本文对我院收治的7例高龄主髂动脉硬化闭塞症的病人采介入支架结合血管旁路术治疗取得良好的效果。     

糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的外科和介入治疗的临床疗效

经彩色多普勒超声与血管造影确诊的糖尿病合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的患者39例，16例行腹主动脉或髂动脉股动脉人工血管移植术；12例行股-腘动脉人工血管或自体大隐静脉移植术；9例行经皮血管腔内成形术＋内支架术，2例单纯行PTA。术后6个月的血管通畅率为89.7％。     

股深动脉血流重建治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的总结股深动脉血流重建治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的经验。方法以股深动脉作为流入道和流出道施行旁路转流术,共4种手术方式：①腹主-股深动脉旁路转流术;②股-股深动脉旁路转流术;③股深动脉成形术;④股深动脉-腘动脉旁路转流术。结果治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症21例,共30条患肢。本组21例已随访5～60个月,平均22个月。疗效良好者16例;1例症状好转;3例保留足跟的截足者,仅保持户内活动,但生活可自理;1例术后6个月因严重感染行膝下截肢术。结论当髂股或股浅动脉广泛性闭塞时,股深动脉作为流入道和流出道,为重建下肢血液循环起重要作用。股深动脉血流重建治疗严重肢体缺血简单、安全、有效。     

老年腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后支架内闭塞一例

患者男性．75岁。因腹主动脉瘤腔内主单髂动脉支架型人工血管修复加股一股动脉人工血管旁路术后2年伴左足静息痛3月,于2006年11月人院。高血压病史20余年,无糖尿病病史。20个月以前因右下肢间跛2年静息痛9月在本院经CTA诊断为腹主动脉瘤累及左髂总、髂内动脉、伴右髂动脉硬化闭塞,见图1。行主单髂动脉支架型人工血管修复加股一股动脉人工血管旁路术（覆盖范围包括肾下腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂内动脉及髂外动脉近端）,术后足背动脉搏动恢复出院。3月余前又因右下肢间跛复发伴右小腿溃疡形成5个月再次行右锁骨下一右股总一膝上右胭动脉序贯性人工血管转流术。术后右下肢症状改善,溃疡愈合,     

腔内技术与主股动脉转流治疗TASCCD型主髂动脉病变的远期通畅率结果

目的:分析对比腔内技术与主股动脉转流治疗泛大西洋协作组(TASC)C D级主髂动脉病变的长期通畅率结果,为此类患者的手术选择提供依据。方法:回顾性分析安贞医院血管外科,2005年至2008年间,行腔内技术与主股动脉转流治疗TASC C D型主髂动脉病变77例(腔内治疗组35例,主股转流组42例),分析围手术期及远期预后,平均随访时间(59.7±18.7)个月。结果:腔内组5年一期通畅率68.8%,二期通畅率78.1%,总体生存率93.8%,总体保肢率90.6%;主股转流组5年一期通畅率92.1%,二期通畅率94.7%,总体生存率94.7%,总体保肢率97.3%。结论:腔内技术和主-股动脉转流治疗TASC C D型主髂动脉病变均可取得良好的远期疗效,但主-股动脉转流的远期通畅率更好。在无明显手术禁忌的情况下,应优先选择血管转流手术。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 :总结 1992年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 6月对 2 5例主动脉夹层动脉瘤病人的外科治疗经验。方法 :采用Cabrol手术 10例 ,Bentall手术 7例 ,升主动脉与腹主动脉搭桥转流手术 6例 ,升主动脉与双髂总动脉搭桥转流结合动脉内膜开窗手术 1例 ,升主动脉夹层缝闭加主动脉瓣成形术 1例。结果 :2 4例生存 ,1例Bentall手术左冠状动脉吻合口出血而死亡。结论 :主动脉夹层病人 ,手术中当冠状动脉开口直接缝合于人工血管有困难时 ,采用Cabrol手术 ,使吻合口无张力而且对合严密 ,避免了冠状动脉开口周围内膜撕脱和吻合口漏血。对于DeBakeyⅢ型的病人 ,采用升主动脉与腹主动脉或双髂总动脉搭桥转流术结合动脉内膜开窗术 ,治疗效果满意。对于手术中无法止血的主动脉漏血和左心室漏血 ,采用瘤袋或自体心包包裹漏血区 ,然后与右心房进行搭桥吻合 ,将漏血引入右心房而达到止血目的。     

合并髂动脉病变的腹主动脉瘤腔内处理方案探讨

目的探讨合并髂动脉病变的腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的腔内处理方案。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2016年12月北京积水潭医院血管外科收治的AAA行腔内治疗的52例患者临床资料,包括性别、年龄、患者临床特点(冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、股深动脉及股浅动脉通畅率,按照是否存在严重髂动脉病变将患者分为髂动脉通畅组和髂动脉狭窄或闭塞组,分别进行腔内治疗,并于术后接受抗凝、抗血小板治疗以防动脉粥样硬化。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验或x~2检验(Fisher确切概率法)。结果 52例患者被分为髂动脉通畅组41例和髂动脉狭窄或闭塞组11例,其中通畅组髂动脉严重扭曲2例(3.8%,2/52),狭窄或闭塞组髂动脉狭窄9例(17.3%,9/52)及闭塞2例(3.8%,2/52),术前两组患者性别、年龄、患者临床特点(冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、股深动脉及股浅动脉通畅率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均成功实施了AAA腔内修复(EVAR)术,其中通常组扭曲者通过特硬导丝纠正髂动脉成角后支架顺利通过,狭窄或闭塞组给予患侧或对侧球囊扩张或逆行开通股动脉进行扩张,支架最终顺利通过。随访了12~24个月,狭窄或闭塞组出现一侧髂动脉腿支的闭塞2例(P0.05),1例行右髂序贯放置髂腿支架1枚+双侧股动脉人工血管转流术,术后双下肢动脉供血良好。结论合并髂动脉病变会导致AAA腔内治疗困难,运用合理的手术技巧和器材的配合,AAA患者行EVAR术均可以获得成功,远期通畅率较好。     

186例老年冠心病患者是、否体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术的比较

目的:比较老年冠心病患者体外循环与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效。方法:A组选择87例65岁以上的老年患者在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG);B组选择79例65岁以上的老年患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)。结果:B组死亡率低于A组(P<0.05),术后胸腔引流量明显少于A组(P<0.05)。结论:老年冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术是安全的。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用主动脉近端吻合器的临床效果

目的评价主动脉近端吻合器在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用的临床效果。方法对84例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术。静脉桥近端吻合口摒弃传统侧壁钳钳夹下吻合的方法,应用主动脉近端吻合器完成。结果全组病例无死亡,无围术期心肌梗死,无围术期脑出血、脑梗塞等神经系统并发症。术后开胸止血1例,迟发性心包填塞1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例,上消化道大出血1例,均痊愈。结论冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用主动脉近端吻合器,操作简单、安全,可降低术后脑血管并发症的发生率。     

Involvement of the coronary artery in a patient with thromboangiitis obliterans. A case report

 We report a case of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and a saphenous vein graft in a 36-year-old man with Buerger's disease. He was hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. His coronary angiography showed total occlusion of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery. Left ventricular dysfunction was detected by ventriculography. The patient had undergone bilateral sympathectomy of the lumbar branches for distal arterial occlusions due to thromboangiitis obliterans 12 years previously. Under cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping, we performed endarterectomy and a complex bypass procedure to LAD. Aorta-right coronary artery bypass was also applied. A histopathological study of an endarterectomy specimen showed characteristic features of thromboangiitis obliterans. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the ninth postoperative day. Received: November 19, 2001 / Accepted: February 16, 2002     

Usefulness of femoro(ilio)-axillar bypass surgery for the treatment of subclavian steal syndrome caused by aortitis syndrome

Summary In two patients with subclavian steal syndrome associated with aortitis syndrome, retrograde bypass grafting from the femoral or common iliac artery to the axillary artery resulted in the disappearance of symptoms. One patient, a 37-year-old female, was treated with a bypass from the left femoral artery to the left axillary artery with a 10-mm ring-supported double velour knitted Dacron graft. The other patient, a 54-year-old female, with the complication of moderate aortic regurgitation, was treated with a bypass from the left common iliac artery to the left axillary artery with an 8-mm EPTFE graft. These bypass grafts were angiographically confirmed to be patent after the operation. When changes in graft flow in different body positions (supine, sitting, and standing) were examined, using a transcutaneous Doppler flow meter, 5 years after the operation, resting graft flow to the upper extremities showed no consistent changes among the three different positions and was maintained in a stable condition, regardless of the patients' positions. Furthermore, graft flow increased while the left arm exercised. This finding, together with the clinical efficacy, indicates that this mode of retrograde bypass grafting may be effective in some selected patients with this complicated syndrome.     

Antithrombotic therapy in the coronary vein graft patient

Coronary artery bypass grafting is an important therapeutic modality in the treatment of the patient with coronary artery disease; however, long-term results are limited by the development of saphenous vein graft disease early and late after operation. The pathogenesis of early vein graft occlusion is primarily thrombotic, while that occurring later frequently involves thrombosis superimposed on intimal hyperplasia or vein graft atherosclerosis. We describe the role of various platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants in the prevention of saphenous vein graft occlusion following coronary artery bypass grafting.     

Should a Regurgitant Mitral Valve Be Replaced Simultaneously with a Stenotic Aortic Valve?

Mitral valve regurgitation frequently accompanies aortic valve stenosis. It has been suggested that mitral regurgitation improves after aortic valve replacement alone and that the mitral valve need not be replaced simultaneously Furthermore, mitral regurgitation associated with coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with poor left ventricular function, shows immediate improvement after coronary artery bypass grafting. We studied 60 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation to determine the degree of improvement in mitral regurgitation after aortic valve replacement alone versus aortic valve replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirty-six of the patients had normal coronary arteries (Group 1); the other 24 had symptomatic coronary artery disease requiring bypass surgery (Group 2). Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and at follow-up. In Group 1, left ventricular ejection fraction did not improve early or at 2.5 months postoperatively, but mitral regurgitation improved gradually during follow-up. In Group 2, mitral regurgitation showed improvement 1 week postoperatively (p < 0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction was improved at 2.5 months. We conclude that patients with aortic valve stenosis and mild-to-severe mitral regurgitation, without echocardiographic signs of chordal or papillary muscle rupture and without coronary artery disease, should undergo aortic valve replacement alone. The mitral regurgitation will remain the same or improve. For patients with coexisting coronary artery disease, simultaneous aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting are imperative; however, the mitral valve again requires no intervention, since mitral regurgitation improves significantly after the other 2 procedures.     

Coronary artery disease and coronary bypass grafting in young men: experience with 138 subjects 39 years of age and younger

One hundred thirty-eight men aged less than or equal to 39 years had coronary bypass grafting during a 13 year period. Angina was the presenting symptom in 77% and of these patients, one-third had unstable angina. More than half of the patients had experienced at least one myocardial infarct. There was a high incidence of coronary risk factors, especially smoking. Nineteen patients (13.8%) had left main coronary artery stenosis (it was isolated in two); 13.8, 24.6 and 60.2% had single, double and triple vessel disease, respectively. Left ventriculograms showed serious functional impairment in 42%. A total of 461 coronary bypass grafts, 3.34 per patient, were placed; almost all were vein grafts. There were no operative deaths. Transmural myocardial infarction occurred in 4.3% of patients. All bypass grafts were opacified angiographically early after operation, 95% at 1 year, 56% at 5 years and 26% at 10 years after operation. Some patients also had coronary angiograms, dictated by clinical events, between 1 and 5 and between 5 and 10 years postoperatively. Patency rates for bypass grafts were comparable with those previously reported and were acceptable, although they decreased with time. However, increasing evidence of atherosclerosis of bypass grafts was seen beyond 1 year, particularly beyond 5 years. Of 23 subjects with a coronary bypass reoperation, 2 died and 44% had perioperative transmural myocardial infarction. During follow-up, 13.8% of the patients died, survival being 95, 84 and 76% at 5, 10 and 12 years, respectively. It is considered that the patients were advantageously treated with coronary bypass grafting especially in the short-term. However, bypass graft patency steadily decreased with the passage of time and graft atherosclerosis became an increasingly important problem.     

Success of internal mammary bypass grafting can be assessed intraoperatively using myocardial contrast echocardiography

To determine whether the success of internal mammary artery bypass grafting can be assessed intraoperatively using myocardial contrast echocardiography, sonicated Renografin-76 was injected into the aortic root of 11 dogs during the delivery of cardioplegic solution. Studies were performed with the left anterior descending coronary artery patent and totally occluded, and after internal mammary artery bypass grafting distal to the occluded vessel. Flow rate during cardioplegia was constant for all three stages in each experiment. Myocardial contrast echocardiography clearly demonstrated homogeneous myocardial perfusion with the left anterior descending coronary artery patent, lack of perfusion in the left anterior descending artery bed during its occlusion and excellent perfusion of the occluded bed after internal mammary artery bypass grafting distal to the occlusion in 10 of the 11 dogs. In one dog, the bypass graft was technically inadequate and contrast opacification was not noted in the left anterior descending artery bed after internal mammary artery bypass grafting. The exponential function C(t) = Ae-alpha t + Be-beta t was fitted to computer-derived time-intensity curves from the myocardium, where alpha denotes contrast washout and beta denotes contrast appearance. Respective values for alpha and beta (mean + 1 SD) were similar for the patent left anterior descending coronary artery and after internal mammary artery bypass grafting distal to the occluded artery (0.11 +/- 0.10 versus 0.10 +/- 0.10, and 2.5 +/- 2.4 versus 1.1 +/- 0.56). In conclusion, myocardial contrast echocardiography has potential for intraoperative assessment of the adequacy of coronary artery bypass grafting.     

Impact of coronary artery disease on valvular heart surgery

Patients who undergo coronary bypass grafting in association with aortic valve replacement currently have a low in-hospital mortality, but their late survival is inferior to that of patients without coronary disease who undergo isolated aortic valve replacement. Patients who receive porcine heterografts to replace the aortic valve have better late survival and event-free survival after aortic valve replacement combined with bypass grafting than those who received mechanical valves. The analyses of patients who combine coronary artery and mitral valve disease is difficult because of changing surgical practices and diagnostic techniques. Patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve replacement combined with bypass grafting have had higher in-hospital mortality and worse late survival than patients undergoing aortic valve replacement combined with bypass grafting. The increased use of techniques for reconstructing rather than replacing the mitral valve may help improve the long-term results for patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve dysfunction combined with coronary disease.