血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的适应证、技术要点、并发症防治及疗效，评估该技术的安全性及疗效。方法 105例颅内宽颈动脉瘤(前循环78例，后循环27例)，首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过支架上的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔，填塞GDC，术后3、6、12个月随访临床症状，6～12个月脑血管造影随访。结果 104例手术成功，1例失败；80例动脉瘤达到致密填塞，24例大部填塞，载瘤动脉通畅；1例术中发生脑梗死，1例发生颈动脉夹层动脉瘤，1例术中动脉瘤破裂，1例在GDC填塞过程中支架完全塌陷。98例临床随访3～32个月，均无再出血或血栓栓塞的症状。血管造影随访62例(随访期6～12个月)，60例动脉瘤不再显影，2例明显缩小，1例出现支架近端轻度狭窄。结论 联合使用支架和微弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效的方法，支架使宽颈动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能，支架不但可防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉，还可防止弹簧圈压缩，促进瘤内血栓形成，防止动脉瘤复发，长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤急性破裂的可行性和安全性

目的　总结血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤急性破裂的临床体会 ,对其可行性和安全性进行初步探讨。方法　 5 7例急性破裂宽颈动脉瘤 ,均先植入冠脉支架覆盖动脉瘤颈 ,再将微导管通过支架网孔超选进入动脉瘤腔内填塞GDC。结果　 1例因血管扭曲不能植入支架 ,5 6例成功 ,均达到 90 %以上栓塞 ,载瘤动脉通畅 ,所有患者无神经功能障碍出现。结论　血管内支架植入结合GDC填塞是治疗急性破裂宽颈动脉瘤的安全、可行的方法     

血管内支架结合GDC栓塞治疗基底动脉顶端宽颈动脉瘤

目的 报道应用血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞治疗1例未破裂的基底动脉顶端宽颈动脉瘤的经验及结果。方法 将球囊膨胀型血管内支架跨动脉瘤瘤颈部位置入并准确释放后，微导管超选进入动脉瘤内填塞弹簧圈。结果 支架成功的置入，支架近端在基底动脉，远端在大脑后动脉近段，动脉瘤得到次全栓塞(90％以上)，载瘤动脉及毗邻的侧支血管保持通畅，患者恢复满意。结论 血管内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗基底动脉顶端宽颈动脉瘤是可行的，支架植入对侧支血管血流无明显影响。     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果

目的 总结血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果，了解支架技术在脑动脉瘤治疗中的作用。方法 62例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者接受血管内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗，并在术后行脑血管造影及临床随访。结果 所有患者均成功植入支架，47例动脉瘤达到致密填塞，15例大部填塞，载瘤动脉通畅。1～6个月造影随访56例动脉瘤内无造影剂显影，4例仍有瘤颈残留，1例复发而再次治疗；12～37个月随访43例中，2例瘤颈残余，1例动脉瘤复发，其余完全闭塞，弹簧圈形态无改变。结论 血管内支架植入后明显改变瘤内血流动力学并促进血栓形成，通过促进瘤颈内膜形成达到影像学治愈。     

血管内支架结合电解可脱弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 初步总结使用血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的体会,探讨其适应证、方法、疗效及并发症。方法 5例颅内梭形动脉瘤及12例宽颈动脉瘤,首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置,通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔,继续填塞GDC。结果 13例动脉瘤致密填塞,3例大部分填塞,1例支架未能送入颅内而单用弹簧圈部分栓塞,载瘤动脉通畅,临床效果优良。结论 联合使用支架及微弹簧圈是治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法,远期疗效需进一步随访。     

自膨胀式支架联合可解脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈颅内动脉瘤的效果

目的探讨应用自膨胀式颅内专用支架（Neuroform支架）与可解脱微弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞相结合治疗宽颈颅内动脉瘤技术的临床应用价值。方法采用Neuroform支架与GDC结合栓塞治疗30例基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤（基底动脉末端动脉瘤16例、基底动脉千9例、基底动脉起始部5例），30例后交通宽颈动脉瘤，5例椎动脉宽颈动脉瘤。通过微导管释放Neuroform支架覆盖动脉瘤瘤颈，将另一微导管通过支架网孔进入动脉瘤腔以GDC栓塞动脉瘤。结果全部病例采用Neuroform支架结合GDC栓塞，支架均顺利通过载瘤动脉，覆盖瘤颈，其中60例致密栓塞，5例部分栓塞。2例术中发生支架内血栓。全部患者均恢复良好出院。42例术后3～6个月血管造影随访，其中39例致街栓塞的动脉瘤均未显影，载瘤动脉通畅；3例动脉瘤颈有残留。结论Neuroform颅内支架使用方便、安全，适用于颅内宽颈动脉瘤的支架辅助GDC栓塞。     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的：探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、治疗护理要点、安全性及并发症的防治。方法：对明确诊断为颅内宽颈动脉瘤的20例患者行血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈介入治疗。动脉瘤位置：前交通动脉瘤8例。后交通动脉瘤4例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤3例．大脑中动脉瘤2例．基底动脉瘤2例．颈内动脉海绵窦段合并前交通动脉瘤1例。结果：20例患者均成功释放支架,患者全部治愈出院。其中17例致密栓塞。3例大部填塞。血管造影检查：动脉瘤不显影,载瘤动脉及邻近主要血管分支通畅．均无再出血或血栓栓塞等相关并发症。结论：血管内支架结合弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效的方法．短期治疗效果肯定,正确的围手术期处理,可以提高手术的成功率,减少并发症。     

大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的　总结大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤影像学特征、血管内栓塞治疗技巧及结果。方法　采用微弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤 194例 ,对宽颈动脉瘤则采用瘤颈成形辅助技术 ,其中球囊辅助成形术 17例 ,微导丝辅助成形技术 19例 ,支架结合弹簧圈栓塞 2 1例。结果　栓塞程度 :致密栓塞 134例 (6 9% ) ,90 %以上 38例 (2 0 % ) ,90 %以下 2 2例 (11% )。术中出血 9例 (4 .6 % ) ,死亡 1例 (0 .5 % )。结论　GDC栓塞大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点。采用微导丝辅助瘤颈成形技术、瘤颈重塑形技术、血管内支架等方法 ,可以明显提高宽颈动脉瘤的致密栓塞率和减少脑梗死并发症。     

血管内支架治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的：探索使用血管内支架及血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（Guglielmi detachable coil,GDC)治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的可能性。方法：3例椎动脉颅内段梭形动脉瘤及6例宽颈动脉瘤,首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置,通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔,填入GDC。结果：7例动脉瘤致密堵塞,2例大部堵塞,载瘤动脉通畅,临床效果优良。结论：联合使用支架及微弹簧圈是治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤可选择的有效方法之一。     

颈内动脉前壁动脉瘤支架结合弹簧圈栓塞术后再出血：病例报道

目的 报道1例应用支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉前壁宽颈动脉瘤后发生早期再出血的病例.方法 将球囊膨胀型血管内支架跨动脉瘤颈部位置并准确释放后,微导管超选进入动脉瘤内填塞弹簧圈.结果 支架成功置人,完全覆盖瘤颈,动脉瘤得到人部栓塞(90%以上),载瘤动脉及毗邻的侧支血管保持通畅,患者术后恢复良好,但是术后16 d因动脉瘤再次破裂出血导致死亡.结论 血管内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉前肇宽颈动脉瘤是可行的,但应充分认识动脉瘤早期再次破裂出血的风险,短期随访及再治疗非常必要.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.