3～6岁学龄前儿童口腔龋病的影响因素

目的探讨3～6岁学龄前儿童口腔龋病发生的相关影响因素,并提出针对性预防措施。方法采用分层随机抽样法从郑州市京广路街道3所幼儿园选取257例3～6岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象,对儿童进行口腔龋病检查,并向其家长进行问卷调查,分析口腔龋病发生的影响因素。结果共发现141例患龋儿童,患龋率为54.86%。3～6岁各年龄儿童患龋率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。开始刷牙年龄<3岁儿童患龋率低于年龄≥3岁儿童,每日刷牙次数≥2次儿童患龋率低于每日刷牙次数≤1次儿童,每日甜食摄入次数≤1次儿童患龋率低于每日甜食摄入次数≥2次儿童,每周睡前甜食摄入次数≤2次儿童患龋率低于每周睡前甜食摄入次数≥3次儿童,家长重视口腔健康儿童患龋率低于家长不重视口腔健康儿童,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 3～6岁学龄前儿童口腔龋病与年龄、开始刷牙年龄、每日刷牙次数、每日甜食摄入次数、每周睡前甜食摄入次数以及家长重视口腔健康情况等因素有关,应采取有针对性措施预防口腔龋病的发生。     

济宁市儿童乳牙患龋状况及影响因素分析

目的调查济宁市患龋儿童的日常行为习惯及家长对口腔保健知识的了解情况,分析儿童患乳牙龋的相关危险因素。方法随机选取济宁市多家三甲及口腔专科医院乳牙龋患者300例作为观察组,同时选取健康儿童300例作为对照组,对两组家长发放调查问卷并对调查结果进行对比研究,通过logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 297名患乳牙龋儿童家长(99. 0%)和292名健康儿童家长(97. 3%)完成问卷调查。两组在儿童是否独生子、家长学历及职业、家庭月收入、开始刷牙的时间、每天刷牙的次数、是否使用含氟牙膏、乳牙对恒牙健康影响的认识差异有统计学意义(P均<0. 05);儿童男女性别、牙刷使用时间、是否爱吃甜食、家长对乳牙龋的态度、获得口腔健康知识的途径差异无统计学意义(P均>0. 05)。结论家长学历和职业、每天刷牙的次数、含氟牙膏的使用、家长对乳牙健康的态度是影响济宁地区儿童患龋的主要影响因素,家长需重视儿童口腔卫生习惯,提高口腔健康认识,从根本上预防乳牙龋的发生。     

济南市3~5岁低龄儿童龋相关危险因素分析

目的 比较济南市3~5岁患低龄儿童龋(ECC)儿童与无龋儿童患龋的相关危险因素。 方法 研究对象包括606名3~5岁儿童［男性293名,女性313名,平均年龄(4.210 ± 0.816)岁］。收集儿童的社会人口学、喂养方式、口腔健康行为等资料,记录乳牙龋、失、补指数(decayed,missing,filled teeth,dmft)。按dmft指数分成有龋组(dmft>0,n=360)和无龋组(dmft=0,n=246)。Logistic回归分析与低龄儿童龋相关的影响因素。 结果 延长母乳喂养时间(OR=2.454,95%CI: 1.422~4.233,P=0.001)、睡前吃甜点或喝甜饮料(OR=5.721,95%CI: 1.253~26.131,P=0.024)、高频率进食甜点或糖果(OR=2.057,95%CI: 0.966~4.880,P=0.062),儿童乳牙患龋风险增高。 结论 延长母乳喂养时间、睡前吃甜点或喝饮料、高频率进食甜点或糖果是低龄儿童龋的危险因素。提倡长时间母乳喂养的同时应权衡低龄儿童龋的危害,同时控制甜食摄入的时间及摄入频率,以降低低龄儿童的患龋风险。     

宁夏石嘴山市6639名3～6岁儿童患龋病相关因素分析

目的:研究和探讨市散居儿童龋病情况,探讨儿童龋病防治的干预措施.方法:根据入托体检表对石嘴山市6639名3～6岁散居儿童进行口腔卫生的检查.结果:儿乙童患龋率75.49％,龋病发病因与睡前喝饮料,吃甜食后不刷牙有关.结论:纠正儿童膳食习惯,指导家长督促儿童按时刷牙,保护牙齿的行为,定期健康体检,普及口腔保健知识,推广口腔保健适宜技术,可以有效降低儿童乳牙患龋率.     

婴幼儿龋与喂养方式及饮食习惯的相关性研究

[目的]分析婴幼儿龋在喂养方式与饮食习惯方面的易感因素。[方法]将93名北京城区3-5岁儿童,根据患龋情况分为婴幼儿龋(ECC)组47人,dt≥5;无龋(Caries Free,CF)组46人,dmft=0。分别对两组受试者喂养方式与饮食习惯进行问卷调查,运用Logistic回归,筛选出ECC在喂养方式与饮食习惯方面的易感因素。[结果]单因素分析结果显示:在母乳喂养时间、奶瓶喂养持续时间、奶瓶内容物、是否应用奶瓶帮助入睡、食用甜食次数、食用甜食时间、饮用甜饮料次数和饮用甜饮料时间8个方面,两组之间的差别有统计学意义(P< 0．05)。[结论]食用甜食次数、饮用甜饮料次数是影响ECC发生的有关易感因素。     

辽宁省5岁儿童乳牙龋及家庭影响因素的分析

目的:研究辽宁省5岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况与家庭因素的关系。方法:对792名5岁儿童进行患龋情况调查,并随机抽取396名儿童父(母)问卷。对影响乳牙龋的相关因素进行χ2检验及Logistic回归分析。结果:父(母)的文化程度和孩子睡前进食甜点对乳牙龋有显著的影响。结论:加强对家长的口腔卫生保健知识的指导,控制儿童睡前甜食和饮料摄入,是防止乳牙龋发生的有效途径。     

河池市城区学龄前儿童乳牙龋病调查

目的 探讨河池市城区集体儿童龋齿预防措施.方法 回顾性分析2011年河池市城区2583名学龄前集体儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况.结果 儿童患龋率58.92%,其中男童患龋率59.90%,女童患龋率57.79%.龋齿的发生与乳牙自身解剖结构、睡前进食后不刷牙、平素喜好酸奶、甜食等因素有关.结论 注意儿童的膳食习惯及家长指导监督儿童口腔的卫生行为,定期进行口腔卫生检查,实施氟保护是预防儿童龋齿的有效措施.     

百色市7岁儿童龋病及口腔健康行为调查报告

目的 调查百色市7岁儿童龋病及口腔健康行为状况,为开展口腔健康保健工作提供信息.方法 采用整群抽样的调查方法,抽取百色市7岁儿童627人进行龋病调查;参照<第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案>设计的儿童家长问卷及抽样方法,对360名受检儿童家长以面谈方式现场询问,了解儿童的口腔健康行为.结果 627名7岁儿童患龋率为78.7%;24.74%儿童经常有睡前吃甜点或喝甜饮料行为;多数儿童每天刷牙2次以上;约24%儿童家长每天检查或帮助孩子刷牙;56.67%儿童1年内未看过牙;大部分儿童因牙痛而看牙.结论 百色市7岁儿童患龋率高,口腔医疗服务使用丰较低,家长口腔健康知识和行为有待提高.     

学龄前儿童患龋临床研究

目的:探讨大同市学龄前儿童患龋情况与影响因素分析。方法:对大同市217名3~5岁学龄前儿童进行口腔健康调查。通过问卷调查来收集他们关于口腔健康相关的行为、知识和态度等信息。通过统计分析得出与龋病状况相关的影响因素。结果:调查对象的患龋率为49.3%,龋均为2.5。Logistic回归分析的结果显示,零食频次和开始刷牙的时间是影响儿童患龋率的相关因素。结论:应对学龄前儿童的口腔健康加以重视,重点宣传减少零食的摄入频次和及早让儿童开始刷牙,以降低这一人群的患龋水平。     

胶州市学龄前儿童龋病状况调查

目的:了解胶州市4～7岁学龄前儿童龋病发病情况,为建立防治模式提供依据和策略。方法:自制调查量表对患儿进行调查,内容包括性别、年龄、刷牙习惯、睡前吃糖、甜食、饮料等情况。由口腔专业医师负责,在自然光线下,循视诊、探诊、叩诊等顺序,利用口腔科常用检查器械检查。结果:45、、6、7岁龋患率分别为48.18%(106/220)、69.79%(164/235)、75.71%(212/280)、71.11%(160/225)。可见儿童随年龄增长,龋患率上升。6岁儿童龋患率最高。结论:胶州市学龄前儿童龋患率较高,加强口腔卫生知识宣传,定期查治,推广普及学龄前儿童早晚刷牙、正确的刷牙方式、饭后漱口、限制糖类食品摄入,对降低龋患率将有十分显著的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.