巴马小型香猪口服洛伐他汀的药代动力学研究

目的建立巴马小型香猪的药物代谢研究模型,了解巴马小型香猪机体对药物的作用。方法选择抗动脉粥样硬化的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂型药物洛伐他汀(LV)为模型药,给6月龄雄性巴马小型香猪二组共8头,单剂量(6.0 mg/kg,2.4 mg/kg)灌胃,采用RP-HPLC法检测LV的血药浓度,并计算药代动力学参数。结果LV在巴马小型香猪的处置符合一室开放模型;Tmax分别为(2.54±0.18),(2.82±0.44)h;T1/2α分别为(1.53±0.05),(1.52±0.44)h;T1/2β分别为(2.04±0.32),(2.77±0.89);Cmax分别为(28.86±3.76),(10.93±1.77)ng/mL;AUC分别为(202.76±41.98)和(104.86±16.44)(ng/mL)×h。结论LV在巴马小型香猪的吸收速度约为正常人的0.5倍,消除速度为正常人的1.5~2倍,但整个代谢过程类似正常人,均属一室开放模型,提示巴马小型香猪可作为心血管系统药物LV药代研究的良好模型。     

洛伐他汀在巴马香猪体内的分布和排泄

目的研究洛伐他汀在巴马香猪体内的分布和排泄特点。方法以抗动脉粥样硬化药物洛伐他汀为模型药,选择健康6月龄雄性巴马香猪为实验对象,经灌胃途径给药(45 mg/kg或2.4 mg/kg),采用RP-HPLC方法测定各组织及体液中的药物浓度,并对其分布和排泄过程进行研究。血浆蛋白结合率通过透析法测定。结果给药后,洛伐他汀快速分布到贲门、胃、小肠、肝、大肠、胰、前列腺、肺、肾、心、肌肉、睾丸、肾上腺、膀胱、脑和脾。以胃、肠、肝组织中药物浓度较高。单次给药4h后,贲门、胃、小肠、肝、心、肾上腺、膀胱药物浓度同给药后1h相比略有下降,其余组织均高于1 h。血浆蛋白结合率为95%以上,同正常人血浆非常一致。96 h尿中累积排泄量为给药量的7.4%,原形药经胆汁及粪排泄量达到80%以上。结论洛伐他汀在巴马香猪体内同人的分布排泄和血浆蛋白结合率相似,均在组织中广泛分布,血浆结合率达到95%以上,主要经胆汁和粪排泄。     

巴马香猪、人和大鼠洛伐他汀体外代谢的比较

目的：体外研究巴马香猪、人和大鼠肝微粒体中洛伐他汀代谢的酶动力学差异，并用人体肝微粒体细胞色素P4503A（CYP3A）酶特异性抑制剂酮康唑（KCZ）进行抑制，观察抑制活性反应的差异，评估巴马香猪作为人体CYP3A酶代谢药物研究实验动物模型的可行性。方法：制备巴马香猪、人和大鼠的肝微粒体，构建肝微粒体与洛伐他汀的反应体系以及抑制剂抑制反应体系。利用RP—HPLC测定洛伐他汀代谢的变化，并对其相应活性值进行比较。结果：巴马香猪肝微粒体代谢洛伐他汀的酶动力学变化比大鼠更为与人体相似。人体CYP3A特异性抑制剂均可以显著抑制三者的代谢，但是巴马香猪代谢速率下降程度与人体接近。结论：巴马香猪与大鼠相比，更适用于作为人CYP3A酶代谢的相关药物研究的良好动物模型。     

洛伐他汀缓释片在人体内的药代动力学研究

目的:研究洛伐他汀缓释片在人体内单次和多次口服给药后的药代动力学过程。方法:采用LC-MS/MS方法测定人血浆中洛伐他汀的浓度。采用正离子方式检测;扫描方式为选择离子反应监测(SRM)。20名男性健康受试者随机双交叉单次(40 mg)或多次(20 mg×6)口服洛伐他汀缓释片和普通制剂海立片,并于相应的时间点取血测定血浆中的药物浓度。结果:所建立的LC-MS/MS方法的线性范围为0.05~10.0 ng/mL,最低检测浓度为0.05 ng/mL。以海立片为参比对照,用面积法估算的单次和多次给药后洛伐他汀缓释片中洛伐他汀的相对生物利用度分别为(148.5±43.1)%和(140.7±32.8)%。估算单次给药后海立片和洛伐他汀缓释片的人体内洛伐他汀的MRT为(14.61±7.27)h和(29.72±17.22)h;tmax为(4.2±2.1)h和(12.3±7.5)h;cmax为(1.98±1.01)ng/mL和(1.64±0.62)ng/mL;t1/2为(12.16±5.18)h和(18.17±10.78)h。海立片和洛伐他汀缓释片的稳态药物浓度分别为(0.57±0.27)ng/mL和(0.80±0.43)ng/mL,波动度分别为(2.64±1.10)和(0.97±0.36)。结论:单剂量给药后洛伐他汀缓释片与海立片相比,产生的cmax比较平稳,tmax延迟,两种给药方式洛伐他汀缓释片的吸收程度均高于普通制剂。     

重组人血小板生成因子注射液的Ⅰ期临床药代动力学

目的:研究国产重组人血小板生成因子注射液在健康志愿者体内的药动学特征,为Ⅱ期临床试验提供合理的用药方案,以及新药的审批提供理论依据.方法:27名健康志愿者随机分为0.5,1.0和2.0μg/kg三个剂量组,单次皮下注射重组人血小板生成因子注射液,用ELISA法测定人血清中rhTPO浓度.结果:药代动力学参数如下:T1/2ke分别为(46.74±6.36),(48.53±2.29)和(51.88±3.34)h;T1/2ka分别为(2.17±0.53),(2.64±0.53)和(2.84±0.62)h;Tpeak分别为(10.00±1.51),(10.22±1.20)和(10.00±1.00)h;ρmax分别为(312.29±61.65),(465.14±46.94)和(811.34±106.73)ng/L;AUC(0-216h)分别为(17 269.92±4470.23),(29 710.56±3890.28)和(53 358.41±5608.01)ng/L·h.结论:当以0.5～2.0μg/kg单次皮下注射重组人血小板生成因子注射液时,其在正常人体内表现为线性药动学特征,消除半衰期较长.推荐Ⅱ期临床给药剂量为皮下注射1.0μg/kg,1次/d,连续7d.     

盐酸纳美芬注射液药代动力学

目的:研究健康受试者接受单剂量和多剂量注射国产盐酸纳美芬后的人体药代动力学.方法:30名志愿者按照随机原则分为3组,每组分别静脉推注0.5、1、2mg盐酸纳美芬注射液,采用LC-MS/MS以纳络酮为内标测定其血浆和尿药物浓度.用3P87软件进行数据处理,求出药代动力学参数.结果:其Cmax分别为(1.74±0.48)μg/L、(4.17±1.08)μg/L、(7.88±2.89)μg/L,t1/2β分别为(12.83±3.98)h、(12.6±6.4)h、(10.58±3.74)h,V分别为(3.45±0.16)L/kg、(4.11±0.0716)L/kg)、( 4.25±0.56)L/kg;CL分别为(0.81±0.11)L/(h·kg)、(0.85±0.15)L/(h·kg)、(0.87±0.11)L/(h·kg);AUC0-∞分别0为(21.62±9.34)(ng/L)*h、(24.89±8.52)(ng/L)*h、(35±11.2)ng/L*h;尿药累计排泄率分别为(78±21)%、(71±29)%、(78±19)%.结论:国产注射用盐酸纳美芬在健康人体内的药代动力学符合二房室模型特征.在静脉推注0.5～2.0 mg剂量范围内药物体内过程呈线性动力学特征.     

帕罗西汀片在健康人体的药代动力学

目的 研究帕罗西汀片在健康人体内的药代动力学.方法 20名健康志愿者单剂量121服40 mg帕罗西汀片后,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中帕罗西汀浓度,并用3P97软件统计处理.结果 帕罗西汀片药-时曲线经拟合呈二室模型,其Cmax、Tmax 、AUC0.120、AUC0.inf分别为(64.74±18.43)ng/ml、(5.64±1.84)h、(20.03±5.33)h、(976.47±309.49)ng·h/ml和(1086.75±376.54)ng·h/ml.结论 帕罗西汀片在人体内的药代动力学呈二房室开放模型.     

复方孕二烯酮周效避孕贴剂的体外经皮渗透及体内药代动力学

制备含孕二烯酮与炔雌醇的周效避孕贴剂,并对其体内外质量进行考察。分别建立孕二烯酮和炔雌醇体外含量测定的HPLC法,进行鼠皮渗透试验,并按照中国药典测定释放度;分别建立孕二烯酮和炔雌醇体内分析的LC-MS/MS和GC-MS法,研究贴剂家兔经皮给药的药代动力学行为。结果表明,孕二烯酮与炔雌醇的体外鼠皮渗透均呈零级动力学,渗透速率分别为0.377,0.092μg/(cm2.h);两种药物的体外释放均符合Higuchi方程,168 h累积释放百分率分别为90.7%和92.2%;复方孕二烯酮贴剂与市售片剂家兔给药后,孕二烯酮的cmax分别为(4.44±0.24),(8.43±2.15)ng/mL,tmax分别为(12.50±1.96),(0.20±0.05)h,AUC分别为(1 029.25±91.58),(311.84±100.88)ng/mL.h;炔雌醇cmax分别为(2.63±0.13),(7.85±1.73)ng/mL,tmax分别为(48.44±7.61),(0.25±0.02)h,AUC分别为(752.40±62.91),(216.10±56.83)ng/mL.h。两种药物的周效贴剂与市售片剂相比,cmax显著减小,tmax明显延长,AUC显著增大,具有显著或极显著性差异。复方孕二烯酮贴剂一次给药即能维持较长时间(7 d)平稳的血药浓度,有望成为新型的非口服避孕制剂。     

苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片药代动力学与相对生物利用度

目的 建立人体血浆中苯磺酸氨氯地平的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法,用于研究苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片在人体的药代动力学及相对生物利用度.方法 20例健康男性志愿者单剂量口服苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片受试制剂或参比制剂10mg后,用高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法测定氨氯地平的血药浓度,用DAS 2.0药动学软件求算药动学参数,以双单侧t检验进行生物等效性评价.结果 受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数:Tmax为6.1±1.2小时, 6.9±1.7小时; Cmax分别为8.0±2.2 ng/(ml·h),8.0±2.0ng/ml;t1/2为30.4±5.9小时, 26.5±6.2小时; AUC0-t为259.1±37.8小时, 270.7±53.7ng/(ml·h), AUC0-∞为275.4±40.1 ng/(ml·h), 283.1±56.2 ng/(ml·h).相对生物利用度F=97.6%±14.8%.结论 两制剂为等效制剂.     

隐丹参酮单剂量和多剂量给药在大鼠体内药代动力学研究

目的 评价单剂量和多剂量灌胃隐丹参酮(Cryptotanshinone,CTS)的药动学特征.方法 将20只SD雄性大鼠随机分为单剂量组(隐丹参酮10 mg/kg,1d)、多剂量组(隐丹参酮10 mg/kg,每天1次,连续10 d)给予灌胃后,用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆中隐丹参酮的浓度.血药浓度数据用DAS 2.0药代动力学软件处理,按两室模型拟合并求算药代动力学参数.结果 隐丹参酮单剂量给药后,Cmax为(12.16±14.11)ng/mL,Tmax为(2.88±2.56)h,T1/2为(3.70±3.50)h,MRT为(6.69±0.54)h,AUC0-24为(58.40±25.73)ng·h/mL;多剂量给药后,Cav为(1.95±0.61)ng/mL,Tmax为(3.20±2.08)h,T1/2为(7.12±5.06)h,AUCss为(46.74±14.51)ng·h/mL,DF为2.42±0.28.单剂量和多剂量的AUC0-24、Tmax、T1/2差异无统计学意义.结论 隐丹参酮长期给药后无蓄积风险.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.