应用扫描电镜研究脂肪乳剂在全营养混合液中的稳定性

目的通过用扫描电镜、光镜检查及结合肉眼观察评价脂肪乳剂在全营养混合液7d内不同温度下的稳定性。方法检查洁净室内配制的30个EVA3L袋在较长时间内脂肪乳剂颗粒的大小及混合液稳定性。该混合液在4℃、室温、40℃存放7d,每天肉眼观察、光学显微镜和扫描电镜检查,并测定其渗透压、pH值。结果穴1雪室温、4℃时,样本熔化观察显示,无脂肪乳剂分层或脂肪凝集现象,混合液pH值分别为6.40±0.03和6.54±0.15,7d后分别为6.37±0.05和6.48±0.13。光学显微镜和扫描电镜下显示,所有混合物颗粒无聚集,电镜测得脂肪颗粒直径在低温组为穴0.322±0.01雪μm,室温组为穴0.310±0.01雪μm,直径>0.5μm但<2.0μm的颗粒<1%,均差异无显著性穴P>0.05雪;(2)在40℃时,保存7d后肉眼可观察到脂肪乳剂分层现象,光学显微镜检查显示无凝集现象,混合后7d脂肪乳剂的颗粒平均直径>0.42μm,并出现直径在1.5～5.0μm的颗粒,表明在40℃时脂肪乳剂的颗粒的变化有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在室温或异常温度条件下,7d内脂肪乳剂在全营养混合液内是稳定的。     

注射用地塞米松对头孢曲松注射液的稳定性影响分析

目的探讨注射用地塞米松对头孢曲松注射液的稳定性的影响情况。方法观察0、1、2、3、4、5和6h注射用地塞米松对头孢曲松注射液混合液的颜色、监测pH值、不溶性微粒直径及头孢曲松含量。结果头孢曲松与地塞米松配伍后不同时间含量、不溶性微粒数目、pH值及颜色变化：0h头孢曲松含量为100．0％,不溶性微粒数目为≥10μm（10．8±2．2）粒／mL,≥25μm（2．2±0．46．9）粒／mL,pH值为6．91,无颜色变化,1h头孢啦松含量为99．36％,不溶性微粒数目为≥10μm（13．2±2．5）粒/mL,≥25μm（1．6±0．2）粒／mL,pH值为6．81,无颜色变化,2h头孢曲松含量为99．36％,不溶性微粒数目为≥10μm（14．7±1．9）粒／mL,／〉25μm（1．8±0．3）粒/mL,pH值为98．21无颜色变化,3h头孢曲松含量为98．03％,不溶性微粒数目为≥10μm（15．6±2．8）粒／ml,1〉25μm（1．4±0．4）粒／mL,pH值为6．53,无颜色变化,4h头孢曲松含量为96．92％,不溶性微粒数目为≥10μm（15．3±3．0）粒／mL,≥25μm（1．7±0．2）粒／mL,pH值为6．43,无颜色变化,5h头孢曲松含量为96．46％,不溶性微粒数目为≥10μm（16．1±2．8）粒／mL,／〉25μm（1．9±0．4）粒／mL,pH值为6．58无颜色变化,6hh头孢曲松含量为96．12％,不溶性微粒数目为≥10μm（17．2±3．1）粒,mL,≥25μm（2．2±0．5）粒／mL,pH值为6．70,无颜色变化。结论室温时6h内,注射用地塞米松在5％葡萄糖溶液中对头孢曲松注射液稳定性无影响。     

复合营养素减肥及调节血脂作用

目的 探讨复合营养素(复合维生素、多种矿物质、几丁聚糖)对肥胖大鼠体重及高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响。方法 利用高营养饲料、高脂饲料分别诱导大鼠肥胖模型和高脂血症模型后,每种模型分为模型对照组和复合营养素低、中、高剂量组,剂量分别为0.54,1.07,3.21g/(kg.bw),观察复合营养素对大鼠体重及血脂的影响。结果 给予复合营养素45d后,复合营养素低、中、高剂量组大鼠体重分别为(469.10±29.75),(475.10±39.69),(467.85±28.79)g,均明显低于肥胖模型组的(505.65±14.34)g(P<0.05);但各组大鼠之间总摄食量比较差异无统计学意义;高脂模型大鼠中复合营养素低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)分别为(2.67±0.38),(2.51±0.21),(2.79±0.33)mmol/L,均明显低于高脂模型组的(3.10±0.46)mmol/L;甘油三酯(TG)分别为(1.46±0.23),(1.39±0.26),(1.48±0.15)mmol/L,均明显低于高脂模型组的(1.69±0.21)mmol/L;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)分别为(0.85±0.16),(0.79±0.14),(0.93±0.13)mmol/L,均明显低于高脂模型组的(1.97±0.30)mmol/L;而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)分别为(1.28±0.26),(1.41±0.31),(1.36±0.24)mmol/L,均明显高于高脂模型组的(0.89±0.22)mmol/L(P<0.05)。结论 复合营养素对高营养饲料及高脂饲料分别诱导的肥胖大鼠和高脂血症大鼠有减轻体重和调节血脂的作用。     

营养素中药合剂抗军事疲劳作用研究

目的 :观察营养素中药合剂对部队军事训练时的抗疲劳作用 ,为研制一种抗军事疲劳营养补充剂提供科学依据。方法 :2 4 0名志愿者随机分成营养素中药合剂组、营养素对照组和安慰剂组。各组按双盲法每人服用相应的制剂 30mL ,每日 2次 ,连续 5d ,试验前后按CJB 1337- 92的规定 ,检测PW170 、VO2max、立定跳远和投弹等指标 ,并填写疲劳调查表。结果 :营养素中药合剂组受试者试验前PWC170 、VO2max、立定跳远和投弹距离分别为 (10 30± 2 0 5 )W、(46 .73± 2 .5 8)mL·min 1、(2 .13± 0 .17)m和 (32 .94± 3.2 5 )m ,试验后分别为 (1187± 16 8)W、(47.5 4± 2 .6 8)mL·min 1、(2 .36± 0 .12 )m和 (36 .14± 4 .37)m ,说明这些指标得到明显改善 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;疲劳指数试验后为 2 7.75± 18.4 8,显著低于试验前的 4 1.4 3± 2 6 .13(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :营养素中药合剂可在一定程度上缓解军事训练所致的疲劳     

不同营养素伍配对大鼠铅神经毒性抑制作用

目的探讨不同营养素对铅神经毒性的干预作用。方法大鼠经醋酸铅饮水染毒4周,采用7因素2水平正交设计用牛磺酸、维生素B1等7种营养素以不同配伍进行干预,4周后测定大鼠学习记忆能力、海马组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果营养素干预组定位航行测试第2,3d平均潜伏期分别为(21.41±14.14),(19.35±10.89)s,低于阳性对照组(34.42±11.49),(32.48±15.06)s(P<0.05);某些营养素配伍可明显改善铅对海马SOD,NOS和NO的影响(P<0.01);牛磺酸对SOD、NOS、NO的升高影响最为明显(P<0.01),极差分别为85.30,0.82,31.24。结论营养素可改善铅对大鼠脑海马的损害,多营养素合用可提高染铅大鼠学习记忆能力。     

醋酸铅对小鼠免疫细胞增殖和DNA损伤的研究

目的探讨铅负荷对小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤及免疫毒性的影响。方法采用亚慢性铅染毒4周、10周的雄性小鼠80只,应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)、噻唑蓝(MTT)颜色反应及原子吸收石墨炉法检测胸腺、脾淋巴细胞DNA损伤,细胞增殖及胸腺、脾中铅含量。结果1.5、3.0、6.0g/L醋酸铅染毒4周均可导致小鼠胸腺、脾淋巴细胞DNA不同程度损伤,DNA迁移长度[胸腺(26.12±1.71)、(30.49±1.70)、(32.61±1.08)μm,脾(28.32±1.52)、(32.45±1.24)、(48.12±1.61)μm]均高于对照组[分别为(14.50±1.07)、(19.86±1.84)μm],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组浓度染毒10周的小鼠胸腺、脾淋巴细胞增殖转化功能增强,高剂量组胸腺脏器系数[(1.72±0.21)mg/g]及中、高剂量组脾脏器系数[分别为(6.66±0.06)、(7.18±0.10)mg/g]与对照组[分别为(1.21±0.17)、(3.82±0.05)mg/g]的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组胸腺、脾中铅含量随染毒剂量的增加而增加,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论铅可致免疫细胞DNA单链断裂,淋巴细胞增殖。     

高脂饮食对非酒精性脂肪肝病模型大鼠肠道短链脂肪酸的影响

目的　观察高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）大鼠模型血脂及肠道短链脂肪酸的变化,探讨肠道短链脂肪酸改变在NAFLD发病过程中作用。方法　雄性SD大鼠12只采用随机数字表法分为对照组和高脂组,对照组以普通饮食饲养,高脂组给予高脂饲料喂养,于喂养8周末处死大鼠,HE染色观察两组大鼠肝脏病理改变,并检测血清脂质的变化,气相色谱分析法测定两组大鼠粪便短链脂肪酸含量的变化。结果　高脂组大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶［（139.6±17.29）U/L比（37.67±5.28）U/L］、谷草转氨酶［（367±49.36）U/L比（97.67±13.92）U/L］、三酰甘油［（0.83±0.08）mmol/L比（0.60±0.04）mmol/L］、总胆固醇［（6.34±0.53）mmol/L比（1.77±0.29）mmol/L］、极低密度脂蛋白［（0.31±0.03）mmol/L比（0.22±0.01）mmol/L］水平较对照组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,高脂组粪便乙酸、丙酸和总短链脂肪酸（SCFA）水平明显降低［（0.16±0.03）ng/μl比（0.21±0.04）ng/μl;（0.05±0.01）ng/μl比（0.08±0.01）ng/μl; (0.25±0.05)ng/μl比（0.33±0.05）ng/μl］,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD模型大鼠肠道SCFA含量明显减少,粪便SCFA的监测对NAFLD的诊治有重要的指导意义。     

卡尼汀(肉毒碱)在儿科肠外营养和全营养混合液中的稳定性

长链脂肪酸进入线粒体进行氧化供能时需要卡尼汀参与,他是儿科肠外营养病人的条件必需营养素。根据我们以前的临床研究结果,推荐卡尼汀的剂量为20mg·kg－1·d－1。然而,肠外营养和全营养混合液中卡尼汀的稳定性尚未得以正确评估。在儿童肠外营养和全营养混合液中以130～200mg／L的标准加以卡尼汀,所配混合液中卡尼汀稳定性的测定时间分别为：配制后的当时和配制后的第1天、第7天、第15天和第30天（此间在4～5℃中保存）。测定后的制剂则置室温保存,并用荧光灯持续照射,分别在0、6、12、18和24小时采取标本。用碳14放射分析技术重复测定同一标本的卡尼汀浓度,这是稳定性的标志。同时检测混合液的pH值变化、颜色变化和可见沉淀物的发生。结果表明：保存30天的混合液,没有pH值和颜色的变化,也没有可见沉淀的发生。在配制后当时,6个不同标本的卡尼汀回收率为93．9％±5．31％（理论值的均数±标准差,区间为87.8％～101％）。4～5℃存放的标本,在不同时间点所测定的结果相近。存放30天后,再室温放置24小时,卡尼汀的理论回收率为93．3％±7．30％（区间为81．0％～102％）。半胱氨酸和雷尼替丁都不影响卡尼汀的稳定性。我们进行包括经Y型管输往20％脂肪乳的模拟输液试验,经24小时的输注之后,     

3种拟除虫菊酯类农药拟雌激素样活性的子宫增重实验研究

[目的]研究国内广泛使用的3种拟除虫菊酯类农药氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯在体内的拟雌激素样作用。[方法]在不产生严重中毒的剂量以下,给刚断乳的雌性昆明种小鼠皮下注射不同浓度的3种拟除虫菊酯类农药连续3 d,氰戊菊酯25,50,100mg/(kg·d),氯氰菊酯20,40,80mg/(kg·d),甲氰菊酯4,8,16mg/(kg·d),观察它们对小鼠子宫和阴道的影响。[结果]高浓度氰戊菊酯组,小鼠阴道开口率(20%),阴道黏膜上皮细胞高度(2.84±0.35) μm,子宫重量(9.58±1.01)mg,脏器系数(0.79±0.09)%,子宫内膜上皮细胞高度(1.25±0.16)μm,基质层厚度(5.28 ±0.72)μm及腺体数量(2.98±0.32);高浓度氯氰菊酯组,小鼠阴道开口率(20%),阴道黏膜上皮细胞高度(2.78±0.30) μm,子宫重量(9.94±1.10)mg,脏器系数(0.83±0.10)%,子宫内膜上皮细胞高度(1.25±0.14)μm,基质层厚度(5.06 ±0.62)μm及腺体数量(3.16±0.43);高浓度甲氰菊酯组,小鼠阴道开口率(40%),阴道黏膜上皮细胞高度(3.01±0.33) μm,子宫重量(10.07±1.52)mg,脏器系数(0.85±0.18)%,子宫内膜上皮细胞高度(1.29±0.15)μm,基质层厚度(5.34 ±0.58)μm及腺体数量(3.21±0.34)。3种拟除虫菊酯类农药各浓度组与阴性对照组比较,上述各项指标差异均无显著性。[结论]3种拟除虫菊酯类农药对子宫和阴道无明显影响,未显示出拟雌激素样活性。而小鼠阴道黏膜上皮细胞高度可以作为检测化学物拟雌激素样活性的一个指标。     

卵母细胞透明带厚度和双折射值的相关性研究

目的:卵母细胞透明带厚度(ZT)和双折射值(ZB)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析了214个IVF周期中不同年龄病人、不同成熟度的卵母细胞ZB和ZT。结果:20～29岁组ZT和ZB显著高于≥40岁组(18.24±0.16μm vs.16.67±0.41μm;8.77±0.42 vs.5.25±1.72)(P<0.01),也高于30～39岁组(18.24±0.16μm vs.17.58±0.15μm)(P<0.01),(8.77±0.42 vs.7.59±0.52)(P<0.05);ZT和ZB与年龄均呈负相关,分别为rZT=-0.195和rZB=-0.200(P<0.05),ZT和ZB之间呈正相关r=0.255(P<0.01);MII期卵母细胞ZB、ZT值均显著低于GV期(7.91±0.65 vs.20.77±1.88,17.80±0.22μm vs.19.42±0.43μm)(P<0.01),也低于MI期卵母细胞(7.91±0.65 vs.10.99±1.35;17.80±0.22μm vs.19.03±0.63μm)(P<0.05)。MII期和MI期卵母细胞ZT与ZB呈正相关,相关系数分别为r=0.125和r=0.239(P<0.05),但GV期卵母细胞ZT和ZB之间无明显相关性。结论:卵母细胞ZT和ZB均随病人年龄和成熟度增加而降低,除GV期卵母细胞外,ZT和ZB存在相关关系,ZT能反映病人年龄和成熟度对卵母细胞的影响,ZT在一定程度上可以反映ZB值。     

Factors Influencing the Airborne Capture of Respirable Charged Particles by Surfactants in Water Sprays

This research measured the effects of particle diameter, surfactant-containing spray solution, and particle charge on the capture of respirable particles by surfactant-containing water spray droplets. Polystyrene latex particles with diameters of 0.6, 1.0, or 2.1 μm were generated in a wind tunnel. Particles were given either a neutralized, unneutralized, net positive, or net negative charge, and then were captured as they passed through sprays containing anionic, cationic, or nonionic surfactant. The remaining particles were sampled, charge-separated, and counted with the sprays on and off at varying voltage levels to assess collection efficiency. Overall efficiencies were measured for particles with all charge levels, as well as efficiencies for particles with specific charge levels. The overall collection efficiency significantly increased with increasing particle diameter. Collection efficiencies of 21.5% ± 9.0%, 58.8% ± 12.5%, and 86.6% ± 43.5% (Mean ± SD) were observed for particles 0.6, 1.0, and 2.1 μm in diameter, respectively. The combination of surfactant classification and concentration also significantly affected both overall spray collection efficiency and collection efficiency for particles with specific charge levels. Ionic surfactant-containing sprays had the best performance for charged particles with the opposite sign of charge but the worst performance for charged particles with the same sign of charge, while nonionic surfactant-containing spray efficiently removed particles carrying relatively few charges. Particle charge level impacted the spray collection efficiency. Highly charged particles were removed more efficiently than weakly charged particles.     

白细胞介素-18对荷卵巢癌裸鼠的肿瘤生长抑制作用

目的:研究白细胞介素-18(IL-18)对荷卵巢癌裸鼠的肿瘤生长抑制作用,并探讨治疗前后肿瘤的病理改变。方法:采用人卵巢癌细胞株HO-8910建立24只裸鼠卵巢癌皮下移植瘤模型,种植后1周随机分4组,每组6只,分别用不同浓度的IL-18进行腹腔注射治疗,并于种植后第4周处死裸鼠,测量瘤重,计算抑瘤率,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,计算镜下肿瘤细胞平均坏死率。结果:IL-18剂量为0μg/100μL、0.25μg/100μL、0.5μg/100μL和1μg/100μL时,瘤体重量分别为:(0.600 8±0.189 5)g、(0.247 8±0.047 3)g、(0.223 0±0.112 0)g和(0.169 0±0.112 1)g,抑瘤率分别为58.76%、62.88%和71.87%,治疗后2周,平均相对体积分别为12.028 9±1.575 2、6.831 5±2.514 8、5.502 9±1.443 6和4.126 4±1.881 2,光镜下可见治疗组中肿瘤细胞呈片状、条带状坏死,肿瘤组织细胞核碎裂、溶解,部分坏死组织呈均质红染无结构区域,镜下肿瘤细胞的平均坏死率分别为0.120 0±0.059 8、0.385 3±0.137 1、0.435 6±0.121 1和0.554 8±0.117 8。与对照组相比,卵巢癌生长的抑制作用和肿瘤细胞坏死率有显著性差异(P<0.01),且随着IL-18剂量的增加,抑制作用越明显。结论:细胞因子IL-18能通过引起更多卵巢癌肿瘤细胞的坏死,从而有效地抑制卵巢癌的生长。     

辽宁省盘锦市健康居民血硒含量的研究

采用新极谱法对辽宁省盘锦市健康居民的全血样品进行硒含量的测定。总计252例,血硒含量为144.2±48.9μg/L。男性127例,血硒含量为143.2±47.2μg/L,女性125例,血硒含量为145.1±50.8μg/L,均为正态分布类型。其中,AB型64例,O型62例,A型64例,B型62例,血硒含量分别为143.4±51.1μg/L,141.9±50.3μg/L,143.5±41.9μg/L,147.9±52.8μg/L。各种血型、性别血硒含量均没有显著差异(P>0.10)。     

Impact of intense field burning episode on aerosol mass loading and its possible health implications in rural area of eastern central India

Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected from the rural area of eastern central India throughout the intermittent rice straw burning campaign during May and June in 2013. We found higher concentrations of particulate matters (PMs) during field burning events. The average concentrations of PM₁₀ (RSPM, D_p?≤?10 μm), PM_2.5–10 (coarse, 2.5 μm?<?D_p?<?10 μm), PM_2.5 (fine, D_p?≤?2.5 μm), and PM₁ (submicron, D_p?≤?1 μm) were found to be 329?±?25.6, 108?±?5.02, 221?±?25.1, and 90.4?±?18.2 μg/m³, respectively. The concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM₁ during burning period were approximately two times higher than those of pre-burning and post-burning periods. The percentage contribution of fine particles to the total PM₁₀ during burning period was found to be approximately 70 % whereas it was limited to approximately 51 and 50 % for pre-burning and post-burning periods, respectively. Significant correlation was found between PM₁₀, PM_2.5–10, PM_2.5, and PM₁ during burning period due to continued emission of aerosol from rice straw burning. Surprisingly, we found good correlations between coarse, fine, and submicron particles during burning period that are mainly due to accumulation of small particles and/or their adsorption from gas phase to larger particles. The contribution of fine aerosols is higher as compared to coarse aerosols to the total PM₁₀ mass. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations during the study period were 100 % exceeded from the prescribed national air quality standard of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. According to the mass size distribution, the major peak was present in fine size fraction during burning event whereas for pre- and post-burning periods, it was present in coarse size fractions. During burning period, approximately 70 % of particulate matters were distributed in sizes less than 2.5 μm. The mass median aerodynamic diameter was shifted to a lower size range (1.91 μm) for total aerosol particle sizes during burning period as compared to pre- and post-burning periods due to high emission of fine particle. Deterioration of air quality was more prominent during burning period as compared to that during pre- and post-burning periods. The mass concentration of particles, which are able to get deposited in respirable airways and lungs, was found to be higher during burning period.     

Particle size for differentiation between inhalation and injection pulmonary talcosis

Light microscopic measurement of the size of birefringent particles in 11 cases of pulmonary talcosis provides differentiation between injection and inhalation origin. The mean particle diameter (±SD) in inhalation cases was 3.7 ± 2.9 μm and in injection cases was 14.2 ± 9.0 μm (P < 0.001). The finding of a majority of particles too large to be respirable (>5 μm) should raise the suspicion of injection as the source.     

鱼露致胃粘膜上皮细胞DNA损伤作用

目的 研究鱼露及亚硝化鱼露致胃粘膜上皮细胞DNA的损伤作用。方法 应用改良的单细胞凝胶电泳技术,进行体外和体内试验,观察胃粘膜上皮细胞DNA损伤程度。结果 体外试验测定尾长、尾矩和OLIVE尾矩发现亚硝化鱼露高剂量组((13.42±3.74),(1.12±0.67),(1.21±0.71)μm)、中剂量组((12.68±4.44),(1.07±0.68),(1.12±0.69)μm)及低剂量组((11.79±4.49),(0.98±0.72),(1.05±0.70)μm)均高于阴性对照组((9.14±2.54),(0.62±0.60),(0.60+0.59)μm),两两比较差异均有统计学意义(χ_尾长²=296.10;F_尾距=27.62;χ_OLIVE尾矩²=436.62;P<0.01)。体内试验中尾长、尾矩和OLIVE尾矩50%亚硝化鱼露组((14.51±4.54),(2.76±2.26),(3.03±2.32)μm)、25%亚硝化鱼露组((13.49±4.42),(2.06±1.86),(2.25±1.98)μm)均高于阴性对照组(11.82±3.80),(1.12±0.80),(1.35±1.19)μm),两两比较差异有统计学意义(χ_尾长²=88.1l;χ_尾距²=165.83;χ_OLIVE尾矩²=198.11;P<0.01)。体外试验还发现,亚硝化鱼露浓度越高致DNA损伤作用越强,存在剂量一反应关系(r_尾长=0.999,P<0.05;r_OLIVE尾矩=0.997,P<0.05)。结论 鱼露经亚硝化后对胃粘膜上皮细胞DNA有损伤作用。     

An assessment of particulate mercury and arsenic concentrations in size-fractioned total suspended particulate matter in urban areas

In this study, arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) concentrations were determined in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) fractioned at nine different sizes (>8, 8–6.5, 6.5–5.2, 5.2–3.5, 3.5–2.6, 2.6–1.7, 1.7–1, 1–0.43, and <0.43 μm) at five sampling stations (four urban stations and a background station) in Istanbul. A total of 80 TSP samples were collected using an Andersen 8-stage cascade impactor from July 2008 to August 2010. The mean As and Hg concentrations varied between 2.23?±?2.78 and 5.55?±?3.14 ng/m³ and 0.59?±?0.09 and 1.25?±?0.10 ng/m³, respectively. The highest total As concentration was measured at the Avc?lar station, which is located in an industrial area. The lowest concentrations were measured at Kilyos station, which is a rural area of Istanbul. The highest enrichment factor (EF) values (>10) of As were observed within the fine particle size (<1 μm) at all stations. The EF values of As generally decreased with increasing particle size. A significant negative correlation was observed between the size of the particles and the As concentration in the heating period at the Be?ikta? and Rasathane stations, which are located in residential areas. Higher Hg concentrations were found in fine particles (<2.6 μm) at stations near the sea, specifically during non-heating periods.     

机械通气对新生儿血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液中SP-A与SF的影响及意义

目的:观察机械通气对新生儿血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肺表面活性物质蛋白A(SP-A)及血清铁蛋白(SF)的影响,探讨其在机械通气肺损伤(VILI)中的作用及其临床意义。方法:选择机械通气新生儿36例为机械通气组,未使用机械通气新生儿31例为非机械通气组。动态观察机械通气组患儿在机械通气后1、24、48、72h和撤机后24h血浆SP-A和SF水平及在机械通气后1、24、48、72hBALF中SP-A在各时段的变化,非机械通气组也以同样时段采集静脉血及BALF,用免疫印迹法检测血浆及BALF中SP-A水平,用放射免疫方法检测SF水平。应用SPSS10.0统计学软件进行统计学处理,所有数值以均数±标准差(x±s)表示;相关性分析应用直线相关公式计算关联系数r值。结果:机械通气组患儿血浆SP-A和SF水平明显升高,BALF中SP-A水平显著降低,与非机械通气组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),且升高程度与使用机械通气天数呈显著相关性(r=0.451、-0.386、0.431,P<0.05)。机械通气后48h血浆和BALF中SP-A及SF水平出现明显变化,随着病情好转撤机,血浆SP-A及SF水平逐渐回落,提示机械通气后48h患儿可能开始出现肺损伤。结论:动态观察新生儿机械通气时血浆和BALF中SP-A及SF水平可能有助于监测VILI的发生,以指导临床诊治。     

三种市售中/长链脂肪乳注射液理化指标比较

目的 对3种市售中/长链脂肪乳注射液理化指标进行比较.方法 根据中国药典、美国药典和国家标准对脂肪乳的质量要求,收集上述市售产品各6个批次进行质量检验和对比.结果 产品A:pH为8.2-8.3;无大于5 μm乳粒,大于1μm乳粒占1.23%-1.53%;平均粒径为0.246-0.256μm,酸值为0.2,过氧化值为0;甲氧基苯胺值为0.9-1.4;溶血磷脂为0.6-0.9 g/L;脂肪、甘油和甘油三酸酯等含量均达到标示量的97%以上;磷含量为0.46-0.49 g/L.产品B:pH为8.2;无大于5μm乳粒,大于1 μm乳粒占0.81%-1.62%;平均粒径为0.239-0.241 μm,酸值为0.4-0.5,过氧化值为0;甲氧基苯胺值为0.8-1.4;溶血磷脂为0.2-0.6 g/L;脂肪、甘油和甘油三酸酯等含量均达到标示量的94%以上;磷含量为0.42g/L.产品C:pH为7.7-8.1;无大于5μm乳粒,大于1μm乳粒占0.42%-0.86%;平均粒径为0.249-0.262 μm,酸值为0.3-0.4,过氧化值为0;甲氧基苯胺值为1.8-2.9;溶血磷脂为0.5～0.8 g/L;脂肪、甘油和甘油三酸酯等含量均达到标示量的96%以上;磷含量为0.44～0.46 g/L.结论 3种中/长链脂肪乳注射液所有理化指标均符合目前国家药品标准的规定.